Soft Matter Physics: An IntroductionSpringer Science & Business Media, 2003 - 637 strani Many materials have complex structural and dynamic properties intermediate between those of crystals and fluids. Among these are liquid crystals, with their well-known orientational order; colloids; polymer solutions and melts; foams; and gels; collectively these have come to be called "soft matter." These materials generally consist of organic molecules that interact weakly; as a result, thermal fluctuations, external fields, and boundary effects strongly influence their structure and properties. This sensitivity raises interesting new problems in basic physics, chemistry, and materials science; offers a path of thinking about some processes in biological systems; and opens numerous possibilities for technological applications. This textbook for graduate students in physics or chemical physics begins with a discussion of chemical bonds, interactions between particles, and the resulting molecular arrangements. The concept of order parameter leads to a discussion of phase transitions, elasticity and dynamics, followed by a review of fractals and growth phenomena. A significant portion of the book deals with defects of topological nature that accompany various types of order. The book concludes with chapters on surface phenomena, stability of colloidal systems, and structural properties of polymers. The detailed exposition, the emphasis on physical principles, and the exercises at the end of each chapter will make this book a valuable introduction for graduate students and researchers to this rapidly growing field. |
Vsebina
115 | 4 |
Aminoacids Proteins | 31 |
Atomic and Molecular Arrangements | 42 |
Plastic Crystals | 59 |
Isotropic Phases | 69 |
Amplitude and Phase | 76 |
Phase Transitions | 105 |
Thermodynamic Fluctuations in Nematics | 167 |
Dislocations in Solids Plastic Relaxation | 261 |
Image Forces Peach and Köhler Forces | 272 |
Dislocations in Smectic and Columnar Phases | 300 |
Curvature Defects in Smectics and Columnar Phases | 337 |
Disclinations and Topological Point Defects Fluid Relaxation | 388 |
Topological Theory of Defects | 434 |
Surface Phenomena | 472 |
Stability of Colloidal Systems | 519 |
Thermodynamic Fluctuations in Smectics | 173 |
Dynamics of Isotropic and Anisotropic Fluids | 184 |
Fractals and Growth Phenomena | 223 |
Percolation on Bethe Lattice | 243 |
Continuum Laplacian Model | 250 |
Structural Properties | 560 |
Table of Constants | 604 |
605 | |
617 | |
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aggregation amplitude anchoring angle atoms axis bond boundary conditions Burgers vector calculated chain chiral cholesteric cluster coefficients columnar phases components constant core curvature deformation dielectric dipole direction director disclination displacement distance edge dislocations elastic energy entropy equation equilibrium Euler-Lagrange equation example FCDs ferromagnet field Figure fluctuations fluid forces fractal free energy free energy density function Gaussian curvature geometry interactions interface isotropic lattice layers length linear liquid crystal lyotropic macroscopic magnetic membrane molecular molecules nematic nematic phase normal optical order parameter orientation parallel particles percolation perpendicular phase transition Phys physical plane point defects polar polymers potential Problem radius rotation scales screw dislocation shear sin² smectic soft matter solid solution solvent space sphere stress structure surface symmetry temperature tensor term thermodynamic topological torque twist uniaxial nematic velocity viscosity volume Waals yields