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deep and strong feeling at work for the benefit of our whole colored population. We rejoice in all wise and judicious measures for the improvement of their condition and the elevation of their character.

appearance suitable to its merit in Colonization and slavery. There is other respects. Some time longer must of course elapse before the colonial subscription list can be expected to authorise an increase of expense in publishing the paper, it is highly desirable that it should receive a liberal patronage in the United States.

Subscriptions to the LIBERIA HERALD, will be received at the Office of the American Colonization Society. Terms Two DOLLARS a year in ad

vance.

[From the National Intelligencer, August 16.]

LIBERIA.

At a meeting of the General Association of Connecticut, on the 19th of June, the following resolutions were introduced by Rev. Leonard Bacon, and adopted.

1. Resolved, That to buy or sell human beings, and to hold them and treat them as merchandize, or to treat servants, free or bond, in any manner inconsistent with the fact that they are intelligent and voluntary beings made in the image of God, is a violation of the promises of the word of God, and should be treated by all the church of our Lord Jesus Christ as an immorality inconsistent with a profession of the Christian religion.

Messrs. Editors: Many of your city readers will remember JAMES BROWN, a coloured man, formerly a resident here, and universally esteemed as one of the most intelligent and industrious men of colour among us. He left this city for Liberia in November last, since which time many reports of his death, loss of family, &c. have been circulated 2. Resolved, That this Association reamong the coloured people of this vicinity. gards the laws and usages in respect to slaIt will, doubtless, gratify his friends, and the very, which exist in many of the States of friends of the colonization cause, to hear of this Union, as inconsistent with the charachis well-doing. We have to-day seen a letter and responsibilities of a free and Christer from him, in which he expresses his great satisfaction with the country and his pros pects. Indeed, he is already reaping the fruits of his industry and perseverance. At the time of writing (May 14th) he was convalescent, after a slight illness of 10 days from the "seasoning fever," with which himself and family were attacked. If you can find room for the annexed advertisement, taken from the Liberia Herald of April 29, it will probably do more to satisfy his coloured brethren here that he really is in Liberia than any thing that can be written.

T.

DRUGS AND MEDICINES. J.BROWN, Druggist and Apothecary, late of Washington City, respectfully informs the citizens of Liberia, that he has taken the house formerly occupied by W. L. Weaver, Esqr. in Broad street, where he is now opening an extensive assortment of Drugs and Medicines, imported in the brig Argus, from the United States, which he offers for sale on

reasonable terms.

Also, Spices of different kinds, &c.
Lamps and Lamp Oil, &c.
Liberia, April 28, 1834.

[JAMES BROWN carried with him, from this city, the respect of every man, white as well as black, who knew him. He spent several years in the store of Messrs. Todd & Co. of this city, druggists and chemists, in learning the business which he has commenced in Liberia.-Editors Nat. Intel.]

GENERAL ASSOCIATION OF CONNECTICUT.

Many of the Ecclesiastical Bodies of the country are beginning to express their opinions on the subject of

tian people; and holds it to be the duty of every Christian, and especially of every minister of the gospel, to use all prudent and lawful efforts for the peaceful abolition of slavery,

3. Resolved, That this Association regards with great sympathy and hope, the efforts which have recently been commenced by Christians of various denominations in the slave-holding states for the thorough instruction of the colored population in the Christian religion; and looks to the gentle and peaceful yet mighty influences of the gospel of Christ, as the great and indispensable means, not only of making the masters willing to emancipate and enfranchise their slaves, but also of preparing the slaves for the use and enjoyment of freedom.

4. Resolved, That in view of the recent exposition of their principles and plans by the managers of the American Colonization Society, in their address to the public, and in view of the efficiency, fidelity, and wisdom, of the present Governor of Liberia, as manifested in the narrative of his proceedings, contained in his late communication to the Board of Managers, this association entertains an increased confidence in that institution, and does hereby recommend to the ministers and churches of Connecticut to continue their cooperation in that benevolent undertaking, especially by contributing to the funds of the society at some convenient opportunity on or about the 4th of July.

COLONIZATION MEETINGS.

Pursuant to previous notice, a public meeting of the Fayette County Colonization

1834.]

Society was held at the Methodist Episcopal | our citizens have lately formed a Coloniza-
church, at Lexington, Ky. on Friday eve-
ning, the 8th of August. A very large au-
dience assembled, both white and colored.
Gen. J. M. MCCALLA was called to the
chair; and the meeting was opened with
prayer, by the Rev. Mr. Kavanaugh, of the
Methodist church.

Mr. R. S. Finley occupied a few minutes in making some interesting statements respecting the character, views, and future plans of the American Colonization Society, which he concluded by stating, that Joseph Jones, the coloured man present, had been sent out to Liberia by the Kentucky Colonization Society, to collect information respecting the country, with the view of returning to render a report of his mission. He had peforined this duty well; and he took that opportunity of testifying to his intelligence and moral worth.

After Mr. Finley had concluded his remarks, Jos. Jones was introduced to the audience, and a committee of three gentlemen (Rev. N. H. Hall, Mr. W. A. Leavy and Mr. R. S. Finley,) was appointed by the Chairman, to propose questions to him on the subject of his mission to Africa. The examination occupied a considerable length of time, and was so conducted as to give the audience an opportunity of hearing the questions and responces. We have seldom attended a meeting at which more deep interest was generally manifested. The statements of Jones, in reply to the interrogatories proposed, evinced a sound and discriminating understanding, and showed conclusively, that the State Society had made a happy selection in their choice of agent to explore the Liberian Colony. A number of questions in writing were sent in by coloured persons; all of which were promptly answered.

On motion of Rev. B. O. Peers, a subscription paper was circulated and some collections inade for the benefit of the American Colonization Society; and on motion of Rt. Rev. Bishop Smith, it was Resolved, That the thanks of this society and meeting be tendered to Mr. Jones for the gratification afforded in the interesting details of his mission to which we have this evening listened. And, on motion, it was Resolved, That the publishers of newspapers of this city, be requested to insert the proceedings of this meeting in each of their several papers. The meeting then adjourned.

"That the tendency of this interesting meeting was," says the Editor of the Western Luminary, "to exert an influence decidedly favourable to the interests of African Colonization, we presume no one who was present can doubt. We are glad that our fellow citizens in different parts of the State are to enjoy the satisfaction of attending meetings of a character similar to this."

AUXILIARY SOCIETIES.
[From the Carlisle (Pa.) Expositor, July 8.]

COLONIZATION.
We understand that a large number of

tion Society in this place. It is in contem-
plation to hold a meeting in a few days for
organizing the society. The subject of Co-
lonization has very slightly engaged the at-
tention of the citizens of this place for some
years past. The cause of this apathy may
probably be traced to the unfavourable im-
pressions which some have entertained of
the colony of Monrovia. Many of the un-
favourable accounts which circulated con-
cerning the colony have been shewn to be
either totally false or exaggerations. It is
true, the friends of the colony have formed
anticipations which have not been realized,
but still, we are not aware of any real ground
for discouragement. The only reasonable
objection which we hear brought against
the colony of Monrovia, is, that it is unheal-
thy. But this objection will cease when a
system of agriculture suitable to the climate
is introduced, for much of the mortality of
that place was occasioned by the use of the
tropical fruits. It may probably be some
years yet before the disadvantages attendant
upon emigrating to a different climate will be
overcome. Experience will have to point
out what course is to be avoided and what
pursued. At the time of the first settlement
of our western states, many of the settlers
suffered for want of an acquaintance with
the climate, soil, plants, &c. Even at the
present day whole villages, and fertile farms
have been deserted on our western frontier,
on account of a sickness, supposed to be in-
directly produced by some yet undiscover-
ed poisonous plant; and all are aware of the
distress of the first American colonists,
which was incident upon their settling in a
land with which they were unacquainted.-
In an address of the Colonization Society
now before us, dated 1827, it is said that,
for the last five years not one person in
forty, from the middle and southern states
has died from change of climate.' But the
new colony which has been formed by the
Maryland Legislature at Cape Palmas is on
a high and healthy situation. Even Euro-
peans are said to have resided there for
months without experiencing an hour of
sickness. This Colony we believe lies
about 70 miles south of Monrovia; the terri-
tory has recently been purchased by the.
Maryland Colonization Society from four
African Kings.

One thing which will cause the coloniza-
tion of Africa to receive the patronage of
the friends of humanity is, that the slave
trade cannot be effectually suppressed while
the African coast remains unprotected.-
The present laws which declare the slave
trade piracy, are totally inadequate to its
suppression. The slave trade is still carried
on even in a worse manner than if no such
imperfect laws existed. Slavers crowdtheir
decks with their unlawful cargo, knowing
that it is as dangerous to run the risk of be-
ing captured with a few as with a great-
number of slaves. When civilization ex-
tends along the western coast of Africa the

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slave trade will cease. Mr. Leonard, a surgeon in the British Navy, supposes that out of sixty thousand slaves stolen from Africa, only two thousand are recaptured and returned.

THE COLONIZATION SOCIETY OF CUMBER

LAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Agreeably to notice, a large number of the citizens of Carlisle, convened in the Methodist Episcopal Church, on Thursday evening the 17th July, 1834, at 8 o'clock in the evening, for the purpose of forming a Colonization Society, to aid in colonizing the free People of Color, in Africa. The following persons were duly elected officers of the meeting, to wit:

Hon. JOHN REED, President.
Rev. JOB GUEST,

Rev. GEO. E. HARE,
JOHN F. HEY,

GEO. FLEMING,

V. Pres's.

Secretaries.

The meeting was opened by an address to the throne of Grace by the Rev. Mr. Guest. The object of the meeting was then stated by the President.

When on motion of Dr. Oliver Holmes, Jr. (who enforced the motion with some remarks,) a committee, was appointed to draft a constitution for the consideration of the meeting.

The following committee was appointed, to wit: Dr. Oliver Homes, Jr. Geo. A. Lyon, George Metzgar, James H. Devor, Esquires, and Mr. Gad Day.

The committee retired for a short time.During its absense James Hamilton Esq. offered the following resolution:

Resolved, That every inducement yet exists to encourage the friends of Colonization to persevere in their grand and noble undertaking of planting a colony of freemen on the coast of Africa. Which he supported in a number of forcible remarks pertinent to the subject.

The resolution was seconded by Dr. J. Paxton and sustained in a short speech. He was followed by George Metzgar, Esq. the same side, and by A. G. Ege, and Jas. H. Devor. The resolution was adopted.

The committee appointed for that purpose reported a draft of a constitution, which, after one or two slight amendments, was adopted, and is as follows, to wit:

Article I. This society shall be called THE COLONIZATION SOCIETY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, and be auxiliary to the American Colonization Society.

Article II. The objects to which its labors shall be devoted, are-First, To provide for Colonizing and civilizing Africa through the direct instrumentality of Coloured Emigrants from the United States---and Second, To promote, by all legal and constitutional means, the intellectual and moral improvement of the African race.

Article III. The principles upon which this Society bases its operations, are, peace and temperance in aid of religion, dissuasion from warfare on the part of the Colonists,

and the prohibition of the acquisition of territory, except by fair purchase from the native Princes and proprietors of the soil.

Article IV. An annual subscription of not less than 25 cents, payable in advance, shall constitute an individual a member of this Society; the payment at one time of 15 dollars a life member; and one hundred dollars a life director.

Article V. Section I. The regular meetings of this Society shall be semi-annually, on the anniversary of the American Independence and on the first Monday in January.

Section II. The officers of this Society shall be a President, Vice Presidents, Directors, Secretary, and a Treasurer.

Section III. The President, two Vice Presidents, two Directors, a Secretary and Treasurer, shall be elected annually at a regular meeting on the anniversary of American Independence.

Section IV. The Pastors of Churches who make an annual collection in their respective Churches for the funds of this Society, shall be Vice Presidents thereof.

Article VI. Section 1. The President, Vice Presidents, Directors, Secretary and Treasurer, shall constitute a Board of Managers.

Section II. The Board of Managers, shall meet on the first Tuesday of April, July, October, and January to transact business of the Society and any three of them shall constitute a quorum.

Article VII. Section I. The Secretary shall keep a regular journal of the transactions of the Board of Managers, which he shall report to the regular meetings of the Society. He shall sign all orders upon the Treasurer, and all notices of the Society. He shall keep a fair and impartial account with every member, and upon the collection of any monies for the use of the society, he shall transmit it to the Treasurer, taking his receipt for the same in a book kept for the purpose, and shall perform all such other duties as the nature of his office requires.

Article VIII. The duty of the Treasurer shall be to take charge of the funds of the Society, and keep a regular account of its receipts and expenditures, and at the regular meetings of the Society to report the state of its funds.

Article IX. The President shall have power to call extra meetings of the Society; in case of absence or sickness of the President, one of the Directors may do so.

Article X. This Constitution shall not be altered or amended except at the anniversary meeting of the Society, by a vote of twothirds of the members present.

The following committee was then, on motion appointed to procure signers of the Constitution, to wit: Dr. Oliver Homes, Jr. Thomas B. Jacobs, Elisha White, J. H. Devor, and Wm. D. Ramsey, Esquires.

Resolved, That the Secretaries furnish each member of the committee with a printed copy of the Constitution.

Resolved, That the proceedings of the meeting be published, and that this meeting

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An adjourned meeting of the Cumberland County Colonization Society, Auxiliary to the American Colonization Society, was held in the Methodist E. Church of this place on Friday the 25th July. The Revd. G. E. Hare, V. P. in the chair. The following order of business was attended to:

1. The Committee to whom had been assigned the duty of soliciting the co-operation of the citizens reported, that they had procured the signatures of about seventy individuals as the result, in some instances, of a partial and hasty effort.

2. On motion, Resolved, That an opportunity be offered to any present to sign the Constitution.

3. On motion, Resolved, That this meeting go into an election of officers for the present year, agreeably to the Constitution of this Society. When it appeared the following gentlemen were elected:

The Hon. John Reed, President; Mr. Robert Irwin and James Hamilton, Esq. Vice Presidents; Messrs. Gad Day & Andrew Blair, Directors; E. White, Esq. Treasurer, and John F. Hey, Secretary.

4. On motion of G. A. Lyon, Esq. Resolved, That the Secretary address a note, to the ministers of the different churches in this place, requesting them in the name of this Society to take up a collection in their respective churches for the purpose of aiding the Young Men's Colonization Society of Pennsylvania, auxiliary to the American Colonization Society in their noble efforts now making, to provide for the emigration, to Africa, of the One hundred and ten coloured persons, manumitted by Dr. Hawes of Virginia; and that the Secretary be and hereby is authorized and instructed to receive all the monies that may be so collected and that may be on hand for subscriptions or donations, and transmit the same to the Secretary of the Young Men's Colonization Society of Pennsylvania, aux. &c. for the purpose aforesaid.'

5. On motion, Resolved, That a committee be appointed by the chair, to procure subscribers to the Constitution. The following gentlemen were appointed, viz: Drs. L. Foulke and McNally, Messrs. Thos. Hennessy, Jno. Phillips, and W. S. Ramsey.

6. On motion, Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the Journals of this place.

7. On motion, adjourned.

JOHN F. HEY, Secretary.

Constitution of the Colonization Society of Lane Seminary, (0.)

ART. 1. This society shall be called the

Colonization Society of Lane Seminary; and shall be auxiliary to the American Colonization Society.

ART. 2. Its object shall be to collect and diffuse information upon the subject of African Colonization; to devise means of elevating that long neglected class of our fellowmen, the free coloured population of our country; by contributing to the funds of the parent institution, to aid those who may intelligently decide that it is for their interest and happiness to colonize in Africa, or elsewhere; by calm and dispassionate reasoning, to excite public attention to that odious sin in the sight of God, and foul stain upon our national character, negro slavery; and to endeavour, by kind exhibitions of truth, and appeals to the conscience and the interest of the slave-holder, to effect its speedy termination.

ART. 3. The officers of this society shall be a President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer, who shall perform the duties usually connected with their respective offi ces; and an executive committee of six, whose duty it shall be to direct the correspondence, and manage the general concerns of the society.

ART. 4. The society shall hold meetings on the first Wednesday evenings of November and March, and an annual meeting on the first Wednesday evening of July. The officers shall be chosen annually at the meeting in November.

ART. 5. Any member of Lane Seminary may become a member of this society by subscribing the constitution.

E. S. HUNTINGTON, President.
L. BRIDGMAN, Vice President.
R. L. STANTON, Secretary.
J. H. MATTISON, Treasurer.
Executive Committee.

Z. KENT HAWLEY, S. C. MASTERS,
J. LAUGHLIN, J. WEEKS,

H. H. SPALDING, L. L. G. WHITNEY.

RICHARD LANDER.

The death of Richard Lander, the discoverer of the great geographical problem of the Niger, has added another to the numerous victims who have perished in the attempt to explore the interior of Africa. Accounts brought by the last English packet state that he was murdered by the natives several hunmiles up the river, whither he had gone on a commercial expedition.

The history of African Discovery is a history of unexampled mortality. Since the feeble attempts of the Portuguese and English trading Companies to penetrate into the interior, down through the numerous expe ditions fitted out by the "African Association," and the British Government, how few -two or three at the most-of the travellers have survived the journey. Not one has survived a second attempt-Caille and John Lander are still living, though it would not be surprising if they should follow the example of their predecessors and renew their efforts to share a similar fate. With this

fatal prospect before them, there have never been wanting persons ready to embark in the same undertaking. A more remarkable evidence cannot be found in history of the unconquerable spirit of enterprize, than the eagerness with which the places of the dead are filled up immediately by zealous competitors at the risk of martyrdom, in the cause of knowledge.

Our own countryman, Ledyard, was the first adventurer on this field, sent out after the establishment of the British "African Association." He arrived at Cairo, in August, 1753, and died there shortly after

wards.

The next was Mr. Lucas, who penetrated but a little distance and returned to Tripoli, abandoning the expedition.

The third was Major Houghton, the British Consul at Morocco, who undertook to reach the Niger by the rout of the Gambia. After being robbed by the Moors in the Great Desert he was abandoned, and perished of hunger and fatigue in 1791.

The celebrated Mungo Park foliowed. The story of his first voyage, which he commenced in 1795, is well known. He return; ed safely to England after an absence of three years. His second and fatal voyage commenced in 1805. The large expedition which he carried with him, melted away before the pestilential influence of African climate. Of thirty-eight Europeans who started with him, five only were left, all sick and one deranged, when he embarked on board of his canoe, in Nov. 1805, on his voyage down the Niger, after which he was no more heard of with certainty until the voyage of Clapperton and Denham ascertained the particulars of his murder.

The next enterprize was conducted by Messrs. Ritchie and Lyon. The former died at Fezzan, and the latter returned safe.→ Major Laing and Captain Gray, had a little while before made short expeditions into the interior, and returned without loss of life.

The important expeditions of Denham and Clapperton accompanied by Dr. Oudney, and Mr. Toole, were next in point of time. The journal of their first voyage is familiar to most readers. Mr. Toole and Dr. Oudney died on that journey. Clapperton's second voyage was accompanied by Dr. Morrison, and Captain Pearce. Their servant Richard Lander was the only survivor; the others died successively from the effects of the climate.

Major Laing, the next victim, was assassinated in the Desert.

The French traveller Caille was the immediate predecessor of the Landers on their first and successful journey. He returned in 1328. Their first journey was terminated in 1831. The second has added the name of Richard Lander to this long list of mortality. On looking over, and marking with how few exceptions the attempts of all travellers have been fatal to them; one cannot but wonder at the pertinacious spirit with which the attempts are repeated.--Balt. American.

Murder of Lander.-There is reason to believe that the savages who murdered Richard Lander, were set on by the more savage slave-traders. These miscreants know that the extension of civilization along the coast of Africa, will put a stop to their abominable traffic, and therefore they evince the most deadly opposition to any and every The Association had in the mean time measure which may open the way to civilidespatched other travellers into Africa;-zation. They are very particularly hostile Horneman, who perished in 1810 by disease at a town on the Niger, and Mr. Nichols, who proposed to start from the Gulph of Benin and died there of fever. A German, named Roentgen was despatched in 1808, under the same auspices. He reached Mogadore, but was robbed and murdered a few miles from the place where he set out.

The narratives of Riley and Adams, both Americans, are next in order. They both survived a slavery in Africa.

The expeditions sent out by the British Government were not more fortunate than those of the Association. A grand enterprise fitted out in 1816 was divided into two parties, one to descend the Niger, and one to ascend the Congo, the last commanded by Captain Tuckey, and the former by Major Peddie, with numerous attendants. Most of the officers of the Congo expedition perished. The captain, the zoologist, the botanist, the geologist, who accompanied it fell successively. The other party fared no better. Major Peddie died early; his successor, in command, Col. Campbell, soon followed; the third in command Lieut. Stockoe survived them only a few days. The miserable remains of the party returned in the fall of the year, 1817.

to the Colonization Society. Lander was killed about 100 miles above the mouth of the Niger, while on his way, in a long boat, to join the iron steam-boat, which he had sent up a few weeks before; she was to proceed about three hundred miles up to a small island which he had purchased from the King, and where he had a factory. “They had proceeded about one hundred miles up, the current being strong against them; they were in good spirits, tracking along the shore when they were fired on from the bush; three men were killed, and four wounded, Mr. Lander was one of the latter. They had a canoe of their own, and at the time they were fired on the boat was aground, and, to save themselves, they were obliged to leap into the canoe, and make the best of their way; they were immediately followed by five or six war canoes, full of men, keeping up a continual fire for five hours, until it got dark, when they lost sight of them."-Jour. of Com.

SOUTHERN AFRICA.

At the Anniversary of the Wesleyan Miss. Soc. in London, the Rev. William Shaw, late missionary in Southern Africa, gave a most intéresting account of the Caffer tribes

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