Duration of Con

vention.

534..ARTICLE XVI.

The present Convention shall remain in force for the space of ten years, counting from the day of the exchange of the ratifications, which shall be made in conformity with the respective constitutions of the two countries, and exchanged at Brussels within the period of six months, or sooner, if possible. In case neither party gives notice, twelve months after the expiration of the said period of ten years, of its intention not to renew this Convention, it shall remain in force one year longer, and so on from year to year, until the expiration of a year from the day on which one of the parties shall have given such notice.

BOLIVIA.

Treaty concluded at La Paz. May 13, 1858, (Peace, Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.)

Consuls aud Vice-Consuls.

exequatur.

535.. ARTICLE XXXI.

To make effectual the protection which the United States and the Republic of Bolivia shall afford in future to the navigation and commerce of the citizens of each other, they agree to receive and admit Consuls and Vice-Consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, prerogatives, and immunities of the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the most favored nation, each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such Consuls and Vice-Consuls may not seem convenient.

536.. ARTICLE XXXII.

Credentials and In order that the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the two contracting parties may enjoy the rights, immunities, and prerogatives which belong to them by their public character, they shall, before entering upon their functions, exhibit their commission or patent in due form to the government to which they are accredited, and, having obtained their exequatur, they shall be held and considered as such by all the authorities, magistrates, and inhabitants in the consular district in which they reside.

537.. ARTICLE XXXIII.

It is also agreed that the Consuls, and officers, and Exemptions of persons attached to the Consulate, they not being cit- Consuls. izens of the country in which the Consul resides, shall be exempted from all kinds of imposts and contributions, except those which they shall be obliged to pay on account of their commerce or property, to which the citizens or inhabitants, native or foreign, of the country in which they reside are subject, being, in everything besides, subject to the laws of the respective States. The archives and papers of the Consulate shall be respected inviolably, and under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate seize or in any way interfere with them.

Archives invio

lable.

538.. ARTICLE XXXIV.

The said Consul shall have power to require the Deserters. assistance of the authorities of the country for the arrest, detention, and custody of deserters from the public and private vessels of their country; and for that purpose they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters in writing, proving by an exhibition of the registers of the vessel's or ship's roll, or other public documents, that those men were part of the said crews; and on this demand, so proved, (saving however, when the contrary is proved,) the delivery shall not be refused. Such deserters, when arrested, shall be put at the disposal of said Consuls, and may be put in the public prisons, at the request and expense of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the ships to which they belonged, or to others of the same nation; but if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall be no more arrested for the same cause.

539.. ARTICLE XXXV.

For the purpose of more effectually protecting their consular commerce and navigation, the two contracting parties vention. agree, as soon hereafter as circumstances will permit them, to form a Consular Convention, which shall declare especially the powers and immunities of the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the respective parties.

*

Con

BORNEO.

Treaty concluded June 23, 1850. (Peace and Friendship.)

Trial of cases

where American

citizens are

cerned.

His highness the Sultan of Borneo agrees that in all con- cases where a citizen of the United States shall be accused of any crime committed in any part of his highness's dominions, the person so accused shall be exclusively tried and adjudged by the American Consul, or other officer duly appointed for that purpose; and in all cases where disputes or differences may arise between American citizens, or between American citizens and the subjects of his highness, or between American citizens and the citizens or subjects of any other foreign power in the dominions of the Sultan of Borneo, the American Consul, or other duly appointed officer, shall have power to hear and decide the same, without any interference, molestation, or hinderance on the part of any authority of Borneo, either before, during, or after the litigation.

This treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Bruni at any time prior to the 4th day of July, in the year 1854.

BRAZIL.

Treaty of amity and commerce, concluded December 12, 1828.

Of Consuls, &c.

541.. ARTICLE XXVIII.

To make more effectual the protection which the United States and the Empire of Brazil shall afford in future to the navigation and commerce of the citizens and subjects of each other, they agree to receive and admit Consuls and Vice-Consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, perogatives, and immunities of the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the most favored nation; each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such Consuls may not seem convenient.

542.. ARTICLE XXIX.

In order that the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the two contracting parties may enjoy the rights, prerogatives, and immunities which belong to them by their public character, they shall, before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commissions or patent, in due form, to the Government to which they are accredited; and having obtained their exequatur, they shall be held and considered as such by all the authorities, magistrates, and inhabitants in the consular district in which they reside.

543.. ARTICLE XXX.

Exequaturs.

Consuls, &c.

It is likewise agreed that the Consuls, their secretaries, Privileges of officers, and persons attached to the service of Consuls, they not being citizens or subjects of the country in which the Consul resides, shall be exempt from all public service, and also from all kinds of taxes, imposts, and contributions, except those which they shall be obliged to pay on account of commerce or their property, to which the citizens or subjects and inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which they reside are subject; being in everything besides subject to the laws of their respective States. The archives and papers of the Consulate shall be respected invio- lable. lably, and under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate seize or in any way interfere with them.

544..ARTICLE XXXI.

Archives invio

The said Consuls shall have power to require the Deserters. assistance of the authorities of the country for the arrest, detention, aud custody of deserters from public and private vessels of their country, and for that purpose they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters in writing, proving by an exhibition of the registers of the vessel or ship's roll, or other public documents, that those men were part of said crews; and on this demand so proved, (saving, however, where the contrary is proved,) the delivery shall not be refused. Such deserters, when arrested, shall be put at the disposal of said Consuls, and may be put in the public prison, at the request and expense of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the ships to which they belonged or to others of the same nation. But if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall no more be arrested for the same cause.

Consular Con

vention.

545.. ARTICLE XXXII.

For the purpose of more effectually protecting their commerce and navigation, the two contracting parties do hereby agree, as soon hereafter as circumstances will permit them, to form a Consular Convention, which shall declare specially the powers and immunities of the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the respective parties.

*

BREMEN. (See Hanseatic Republics.)

CHINA.

Treaty concluded July 3, 1844, (Peace, Amity, and Com

merce.)

Ports opened.

Consuls, &c.

546.. ARTICLE III.

The citizens of the United States are permitted to frequent the five ports of Kwangchow, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo, and Shanghai and to reside with their families and trade there, and to proceed at pleasure with their vessels and merchandise to and from any foreign port and either of the said five ports, and from either of the said five ports to any other of them. But said vessels shall not unlawfully enter the other ports of China, nor carry on a clandestine and fraudulent trade along the coasts thereof. And any vessel belonging to a citizen of the United States which violates this provision, shall, with her cargo, be subject to confiscation to the Chinese government.

547.. ARTICLE IV.

For the superintendence and regulation of the concerns of the citizens of the United States doing business at the said five ports, the Government of the United States may appoint Consuls or other officers at the same, who shall be duly recognized as such by the officers of the Chinese government, and shall hold official intercourse and correspondence with the latter, either personal or in writing, as occasion may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal respect. If disrespectfully treated or aggrieved in any way by the local authori