pointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers as those of the most favored nation. But, before any Consul, Vice-Consul, Agent, or Commissary shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the government to which he is sent. But if any such Consuls shall exercise commerce, they shall be submitted to the same laws and usages to which the private individuals of their nation are submitted, in the same place, in respect of their commercial transactions.

And it is hereby declared that, in case of offense against the laws, such Consul, Vice-Consul, Agent, or Commissary may either be punished according to law or be sent back, the offended government assigning to the other reasons for the same.

The archives and papers of the Consulate shall be respected inviolably; and under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate seize or in any way interfere with them.

The Consuls, Vice-Consul, and Commercial Agents shall have the right as such to sit as judges and arbitrators in such differences as may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crews, or of the captains, should disturb the order or the tranquillity, or offend the laws of the country; or the said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents should require their assistance to cause their decisions to be carried into effect or supported.

It is, however, understood that this species of judgment, or arbitration, shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return, to the judicial authorities of their country.

728..ARTICLE XI.

The said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Commercial Agents are authorized to require the assistance of thelocal authorities for the search, arrest, detention, and imprisonment of the deserters from the ships of war and merchant-vessels of their country.

For this purpose they shall apply to the competent tribunals, judges and officers, and shall, in writing, demand the said deserters, proving by the exhibition of the registers of the vessels, the rolls of the crews, or by any other official documents, that such individuals formed part of the crews; and this reclamation being thus substantiated, the surrender shall be made withont delay.

Such deserters, when arrested, shall be placed at the

disposal of the said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents, and may be confined in the public prisons at the request and cost of those who shall claim them, in order to be detained until the time when they shall be restored to the vessels to which they belonged, or sent back to their own country by a vessel of the same nation, or any other vessel whatsoever. But, if not sent back within four months from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause. However, if the deserter shall be found to have committed any crime or offense, the surrender may be delayed until the tribunal, before which his case shall be pending, shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence shall have been carried into effect.

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RUSSIA.

Treaty concluded December 6-18, 1832, (Navigation and
Commerce.)

on vessels.

The two contracting parties shall have the liberty Consular Officers. of having, in their respective ports, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, Agents, and Commissaries of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers as those of the most favored nations. But if any such Consul shall exercise commerce, he shall be submitted to the same laws and usages to which the private individuals of their nation are submitted, in the same place. The Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Commercial Agents Disputes arising shall have the right, as such, to sit as judges and arbitrators in such differences as may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crews or of the captain should disturb the order or the tranquillity of the country, or the said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents should require their assistance to cause their decisions to be carried into effect or supported. It is, however, understood, that this species of judgment or arbitration shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return, to the judicial authority of their country.

Vice-Consuls.

731..ARTICLE XXX.

Consuls and To make more effectual the protection which the United States and the Republic of San Salvador shall afford in future to the navigation and commerce of the citizens of each other, they agree to receive and to admit Consuls and Vice-Consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, prerogatives, and immunities of the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the most favored nation; each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except

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SAN SALVADOR.

Treaty concluded January 2, 1850, (Amity, Navigation, and

Commerce.)

Deserters.

730..ARTICLE IX.

The said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Commercial Agents are authorized to require the assistance of the local authorities for the search, arrest, detention, and imprisonment of the deserters from the ships of war and merchant-vessels of their country. For this purpose they shall apply to the competent tribunals, judges, and officers, and shall, in writing, demand said deserters, proving by the exhibition of the registers of the vessels, the rolls of the crews, or by other official documents, that such individuals formed part of the crews; and this reclamation being thus substantiated, the surrender shall not be refused. Such deserters, when arrested, shall be placed at the disposal of the said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents, and may be confined in the public prisons at the request and cost of those who shall claim them, in order to be detained until the time when they shall be restored to the vessels to which they belonged, or sent back to their own country by a vessel of the same nation, or any other vessel whatsoever. But if not sent back within four months from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause. However, if the deserter should be found to have committed any crime or offense, his surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which his case shall be depending shall have pronounced its sentence and such sentence shall have been carried into effect.

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those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such Consuls may not seem convenient.

732..ARTICLE XXXI.

In order that the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the two contracting parties may enjoy the rights, prerogatives, and immunities which belong to them by their public character, they shall, before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commission or patent in due form to the government to which they are accredited; and, having obtained their exequatur, they shall be held and considered as such by all the authorities, magistrates, and inhabitants in the consular district in which they reside.

733..ARTICLE XXXII.

Commission and exequatur.

immunities.

It is likewise agreed that the Consuls, their Secreta- Privileges and ries, Officers, and persons attached to the service of in Consuls, they not being citizens of the country in which the Consul resides, shall be exempt from all public service, and also from all kind of taxes, imposts, and contributions, cxcept those which they shall be obliged to pay on account of commerce or their property, to which the citizens and inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which they reside are subject, being in everything besides subject to the laws of the respective States. The archives and papers of the Consulates shall be respected inviolably, and under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate seize, or in any way interfere, with them.

734..ARTICLE XXXIII.

The said Consuls shall have power to require the as- Deserters. sistance of the authorities of the country for the arrest, detention, and custody, of deserters from the public and private vessels of their country; and for that purpose they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand in writing the said deserters, proving by an exhibition of the registers of the vessel's or ship's roll, or other public documents, that those men were part of the said crews; and on this demand, so proved, (saving, however, where the contrary is proved by other testimonies,) the delivery shall not be refused. Such deserters when arrested, shall be put at the disposal of the said Consuls, and may be put in the public prisons at the request and expense of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the ships to which they belonged, or to others of the same

Amity, &c.

Mutual aid.

American Consul at Bangkok.

SIAM.

Treaty concluded May 29, 1856, (Peace and Friendship.)

736..ARTICLE I.

There shall henceforward be perpetual peace and friendship between the United States and their Majesties the first and second Kings of Siam and their

successors.

All American citizens coming to Siam shall receive from the Siamese government full protection and assistance to enable them to reside in Siam in all security, and trade with every facility, free from oppression or injury on the part of the Siamese. Inasmuch as Siam has no ships trading to the ports of the United States, it is agreed that the ships of war of the United States shall render friendly aid and assistance to such Siamese vessels as they may meet on the high seas, so far as can be done without a breach of neutrality; and all American Consuls residing at ports visited by Siamese vessels shall also give them such friendly aid as may be permitted by the laws of the respective countries in which they reside.

737..ARTICLE II.

The interests of all American citizens coming to Siam shall be placed under the regulations and control of a Consul, who will be appointed to reside at Bangkok. He will himself conform to and will enforce the observance by American citizens of all the provisions of this treaty, and such of the former treaty, negotiated by

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Future conven tion.

nation; but if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall be no more arrested for the same

cause.

735.. ARTICLE XXXIV.

For the purpose of more effectually protecting their commerce and navigation, the two contracting parties do hereby agree to form, as soon hereafter as circumstances will permit, a Consular Convention, which shall declare specially the powers and immunities of the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the respective parties.