retary of the Treasury, the Comptroller, the Fifth Anditor, the Register of the Treasury, the United States Legation in the country where he resides, other Consular Officers, and with naval or military officers in the service of the United States who may be employed in the neighborhood, and to whom it may be necessary to communicate immediately any event of public interest, and with no other persons. With the exception of the correspondence with the Treasury Department respecting accounts, and such other correspondence as special provision of law may require him to have with other Departments, he will conduct no official correspondence with any other Department except through the Department of State. This instruction is especially applicable to communications from subordinates of other Departments. Such communications should not be answered without first obtaining permission from this Department to do so. 98.. Printed matter is to be transmitted open at both ends if sent through the regular mails.

99..Tabular statements accompanying dispatches are to be, in all cases, footed up.

100..The receipt of all instructions must be acknowledged by return mail.

101.. The private correspondence of Consuls with their families and friends is usually transmitted in the Government pouches, and in foreign mails at public expense. No business correspondence of Consals, and no correspondence of other persons, is allowed to be sent in the Government pouches, or under cover to or from the Consul. If such correspondence is sent to the Department of State, it will be detained there; and if a Consul is known to violate this rule he will be removed.

ARTICLE XI.

Passports and Protection of Citizens of the United
States.

102.. Passports are to be issued only to citizens of the United States, and are to be numbered, commencing with No. 1, and so continuing consecutively until the end of the incumbent's term of office. To issue a pass

port to a person not a citizen is a penal offense punishable on conviction by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding $500, or both. Persons who have merely declared their intention to become citizens are not citizens of the United States within the meaning of the law.

Art. XI.

dee issued.

103.. Passports in the United States can be issued By whom issued. only at this Department. In foreign countries they can be issued only by the Chief Diplomatic Representative of the United States at a Legation; or, in the absence of a diplomatic representative from the country. then by the Consul-General if there be one, or, in the absence of both of the officers last named, by a Consul, (Form 9.) Professional titles will not be inserted in passports. A fee of five dollars in the gold coin of the United States will be charged and collected for each passport granted or issued by a Consular Officer. 104..When an application is made for a passport. On what evibefore it be granted, the applicant must make a written declaration under oath, stating his name in full, his age, and place of birth-the Minister may, however, require such other evidence as he may deem necessary to establish the fact of the applicant's citizenship. If the applicant claims to be a naturalized citizen he shall also produce the original, or certified copy of the decree of the court by which he was declared to be a citizen; and it shall be the duty of the Minister or Consul, at the close of each half year, to transmit to the Department a statement of the evidence on which all such passports were issued or granted. The applicant should also be required to take the oath of allegiance (Form 1,) and the oath should be transmitted to the Department with the half-yearly return. A passport issued from this Department, coupled with proof that the person in whose behalf it is presented is the person named therein, may be taken as evidence of the citizenship of the applicant. It is understood that persons present themselves in some foreign countries to the Diplomatic or Consular Representatives of this Government, with certificates of citizenship issued by local or municipal officers,

Art. XI.

Visaed.

Returns.

Married women and minors.

such as the mayor of a city, with the view to be registered as American citizens, in order that they may travel under the protection of such certificates. The laws of the United States authorize the Secretary of State alone to grant or issue passports in the United States, and prohibit all persons "acting or claiming to act, in any office or capacity under the United States or any of the States of the United States, who shall not be lawfully authorized so to do," from granting or issuing "any passport or other instrument in the nature of a passport to or for any citizen of the United States or to or for any person claiming to be, or designated as such, in such passport or verification." Such certificates, therefore, have no legal validity, and are not to be recognized.

105.. Passports are to be verified only by the Consular Officer of the place where the verification is sought, for which a fee of one dollar in the gold coin of the United States, or its equivalent, will be collected. In the absence of such Consular Officer, or should the foreign government refuse to acknowledge the validity of the Consular visa, the risa may be given by the principal Diplomatic Representative. (See Form 10.)

106..At the close of each half year, returns are to be made to this Department, of the names and all other particulars, of the persons to whom the passports shall be granted, issued, or verified, as embraced in such passports, together with the amount of the taxes or fees collected for the same, which taxes or fees will be charged on the books of the Treasury to the person receiving the same, and will be brought to the credit of the United States in the adjustment of his quarterly

accounts.

107.. When the applicant is accompanied by his wife, minor child, or servants, it will be sufficient to state in the passport the names of such persons, and their relationship to or connection with him. A separate passport must be issued for each person of full age, not the wife or servant of another, with whom he or she is traveling.

Art. XI.

No

risa

after

however, be two years.

108..No visa will be attached to a passport after two years from its date. A new passport may, issued in its place by the proper authority, as hereinbefore provided, if desired by the holder.

109.. Applications have sometimes been made to the Absentees. Diplomatic and Consular Agents of the Government for the issue of certificates of citizenship to persons residing in foreign lands and claiming to be American citizens. Hereafter no certificates will be issued, except in the form of passports under the regulations herein prescribed, unless a different form be prescribed by the laws of the country in which the Agency or Consulate is situated; in which case the Agent or Consul will transmit to the Department a copy of the prescribed form. And inasmuch as such evidence of citizenship may be claimed as prima-facie evidence of the right of the holder to be protected by the power of the Government of the United States, so long as he conducts himself peaceably and obeys the laws of the foreign state in which he resides, therefore, to protect the dignity of such citizenship, and to guard against fraudulent assumption of it, Consuls and Ministers will be strict in the observance of the rules herein laid down, and will exercise due caution in issuing passports to applicants. And when their intervention is invoked on behalf of citizens of the United States residing in foreign countries, they will be careful to remember that it is as incumbent on such persons as it is upon the citizens or subjects of such foreign countries, to observe the laws of the country in which they reside.

Naturalized citizens residing

110..The official action of the representatives of the United States may also be asked in foreign lands in fa- native land. vor of natives thereof who have been naturalized in the United States. Should passports or other protection be asked for by such persons, it will be the duty of the officer to satisfy himself that they have done nothing to forfeit their acquired rights. For a naturalized citizen may, by returning to his native country and residing there with an evident intent to remain, or by accepting offices there inconsistent with his adopted citizenship,

or by concealing for a length of time the fact of his naturalization, and passing himself as a citizen or subject of his native country, until occasion may make it his interest to ask the intervention of the country of his adoption, or in other ways which may show an intent to abandon his acquired rights, so far resume his original allegiance as to absolve the government of his adopted country from the obligation to protect him as a citizen while he remains in his native land.

111.. Cautious scrutiny is enjoined in such cases, because evidence has been accumulating in this Department for some years that many aliens seek naturalization in the United States without any design of subjecting themselves by permanent residence to the duties and burdens of citizenship, and solely for the purpose of returning to their native country and fixing their domicile and pursuing business therein, relying on such naturalization to evade the obligations of citizenship to the country of their native allegiance and actual habitation. To allow such pretensions would be to tolerate a fraud upon both the governments, enabling a man to enjoy the advantages of two nationalities and to escape the duties and burdens of each.

112.. If the Consul is satisfied that an applicant for protection has a right to his intervention, he should interest himself in his behalf, examining carefully into his grievances. If he finds that the complaints are well founded, he should interpose firmly, but with courtesy and moderation, in his behalf.

113..If redress cannot be obtained from the local authorities the Consul will apply to the Legation of the United States, if there be one in the country where he' resides, and will, in all cases, transmit to the Department copies of his correspondence, accompanied by a report.

114..The United States have treaties with several powers regulating the rights of naturalized citizens of the United States on their return to their native lands. The protection which the passport gives is regulated in each such case by the terms of the treaty. Copies of those several treaties are given in Appendix 2.