196 U. S.

Opinion of the Court.

ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY v. IOWA.

ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF IOWA.

No. 82. Argued December 2, 1904.-Decided January 3, 1905.

American Express Co. v. Iowa, ante, p. 133, followed.

THE facts are stated in the opinion.

Mr. Lawrence Maxwell, Jr., for plaintiff in error.1

Mr. Charles W. Mullan, Attorney General of the State of Iowa, for defendant in error.1

MR. JUSTICE WHITE delivered the opinion of the court.

This was an indictment against the Adams Express Company, in a court of Iowa, for maintaining a nuisance in violation of a section of the code of that State. It was charged in the indictment in substance that the Adams Express Company, between July and December, 1900, at St. Charles, Madison County, Iowa, used a building for the purpose of selling intoxicating liquors therein, contrary to law, and that the company owned and kept in said building intoxicating liquors with the intent unlawfully to sell them within the State, contrary to an Iowa statute. There was a plea of not guilty, a trial and verdict of guilty, and a sentence imposing a fine of $350 and costs.

An agreed statement of facts was stipulated, from which it appears that the Adams Express Company was a common carrier, engaged in the express business between the States of Missouri and Iowa; that it received the liquor in question at

1 This case was argued simultaneously with American Express Co. v. Iowa, for abstracts of arguments see p. 134, ante.

St. Joseph, Missouri, to be carried to St. Charles, Iowa, there to be delivered to the consignees, whose names were upon the packages, and that each and all were marked C. O. D., meaning that they were not to be delivered by the express company to the consignees until the purchase price and the express charges were paid to the agent of the express company. It was further recited in the statement of facts that the only connection of the Adams Express Company with the transaction or transactions in relation to said liquors was as a common carrier, having received the same in Missouri for carriage to the consignees at St. Charles, Iowa.

The trial court charged the jury, in substance, that if from the evidence it appeared, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant express company held at its depot for delivery to the consignees packages of liquor shipped from other States, upon which the price was to be collected under a C. O. D. arrangement, the defendant must be found guilty of keeping and maintaining a place for the sale of intoxicating liquors within the meaning of the Iowa statutes.

On appeal to the Supreme Court of Iowa from the judgment of conviction the action of the trial court was approved upon the authority of the case of the State of Iowa against the American Express Company, and at bar it was conceded that the issues in this case "are identical in every particular" with those which were involved in that case. As we have just reversed the judgment of the Supreme Court of Iowa in the American Express Company case, it follows, for the reasons stated in the opinion in that case, that the judgment in this must also be reversed.

The judgment of the Supreme Court of Iowa is reversed, and the cause is remanded to that court for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.

MR. JUSTICE HARLAN dissents.

196 U. S.

Statement of the Case.

LUCIUS v. CAWTHON-COLEMAN COMPANY.

APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA.

No. 110. Submitted December 13, 1904.-Decided January 3, 1905.

The bankruptcy court has jurisdiction to determine on a claim asserted by the bankrupt whether property in the hands of the trustee is exempt; and while an erroneous decision against the asserted right may be corrected in the appropriate mode for the correction of errors, the jurisdiction of the court is not in issue within the meaning of the act of March 3, 1891, and a direct appeal to this court will not lie.

THIS is an appeal from a decree of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of Alabama, sitting in bankruptcy, establishing and directing the enforcement of a lien upon the proceeds of two policies of insurance in the hands of the trustee in bankruptcy. The District Court filed findings of fact and its conclusions of law, in pursuance to the third subdivision of General Order in Bankruptcy 36; and an appeal was taken upon the question of jurisdiction alone, under the supposed authority of the fifth section of the judiciary act of March 3, 1891.

In substance the pertinent facts stated in the findings were as follows:

D. D. Lucius, a resident citizen of Alabama, was, in voluntary proceedings, adjudged a bankrupt, and the case was sent to a referee. In his schedules, Lucius claimed as exempt drugs to the value of $1,000 and $1,000 of a balance of $1,150 due upon the aforementioned policies of insurance. The policies subsequently came into the possession of the trustee in bankruptcy.

The Cawthon-Coleman Company were creditors of Lucius for about the sum of $1,000, evidenced by a note containing a

waiver of exemption of personal property, and secured by a mortgage upon the homestead of Lucius, which mortgage contained a stipulation for insurance for the benefit of the mortgagees. The two policies above referred to were obtained in consequence of the stipulation referred to, and while in force and before the adjudication in bankruptcy the dwelling insured was destroyed by fire. Claiming, by reason of the facts just stated, an equitable lien upon the proceeds of the insurance, the Cawthon-Coleman Company filed a petition in the bankruptcy proceedings to establish and enforce their alleged lien. During the pendency of this proceeding the trustee in bankruptcy collected the balance due upon the policies. The trustee reported an allowance of the exemption out of such proceeds as claimed by the bankrupt, and shortly afterwards the bankrupt filed a plea denying jurisdiction in the court to hear and determine the claim of lien. This plea was overruled by the referee, who also refused to confirm the allowance of the exemption claimed by the bankrupt, and an order was made by the referee directing the trustee to pay to the CawthonColeman Company on the mortgage indebtedness the sum of $1,001.40 out of the insurance proceeds. Thereafter, to quote from the findings, "upon a review by the district judge sitting in bankruptcy, of the referee's decision, the judge affirmed it, and rendered a decree asserting that the bankruptcy court had jurisdiction to hear and determine this matter, and granted the relief prayed by the petition of Cawthon-Coleman Company." This appeal on the question of jurisdiction was then taken direct to this court.

Mr. Harry Pillans and Mr. William James Johnson for appellant:

The bankruptcy court is of limited jurisdiction and has only the authority conferred by the statute creating it. Re Morris, Fed. Cas. 9,825; Collier on Bankruptcy, 11. Where jurisdiction of the court has been sustained see Re Turnbull, 106 Fed. Rep. 667; Re Mayer, 108 Fed. Rep. 599; McGahan v. Anderson, 113

Fed. Rep. 115; Brand. on Bankr., 2d ed., 126, § 2, and cases there cited. It has, however, been expressly held that property generally exempt cannot be subjected in the bankruptcy court to the satisfaction of the debt of a creditor who holds a waiver of exemption as to this particular debt, or has a claim of lien on the exempt property. Re Grimes, 96 Fed. Rep. 534; Woodruff v. Cheeves, 105 Fed. Rep. 601, 606; Re Hill, 96 Fed. Rep. 185; Lockwood v. Exchange Bank, 190 U. S. 294; Re Hatch, 102 Fed. Rep. 280; Re Jackson, 116 Fed. Rep. 46; Ingram v. Wilson, 125 Fed. Rep. 913.

The cases cited by the judge below, to the effect that the court had jurisdiction, to wit: Cannon v. Dexter Broom Co., 120 Fed. Rep. 657; Re Butler, 120 Fed. Rep. 100; Re Boyd, 120 Fed. Rep. 999; Re Campbell, 124 Fed. Rep. 417, are all on the border line. They involve cases in which the state statutes provided that goods shall not be exempt against claims for the unpaid purchase price. They are flatly opposed by the cases cited supra.

There was no appearance or brief for appellee.

MR. JUSTICE WHITE, after making the foregoing statement, delivered the opinion of the court.

By the express terms of subdivision 11 of section 2 of the Bankruptcy Act of 1898 jurisdiction is conferred upon courts of bankruptcy to determine all claims of bankrupts to their exemptions. When, therefore, as in the case at bar, property of the bankrupt has come into the possession of the trustee in bankruptcy, and the bankrupt has asserted in the bankruptcy court a claim to be entitled to a part or the whole of such property, as exempt property, the bankruptcy court necessarily is vested with jurisdiction to determine upon the facts before it the validity of the claimed exemption. An erroneous decision against an asserted right of exemption and a consequently erroneous holding that the property forms assets of the estate