discovered, for the greater perspicuity of the account inten to be transmitted to his Majesty of the discoveries and tra actions on this voyage. The ships were further supplied w a suitable number of soldiers and seamen, and well provi with all necessaries for a year. This expedition was the fore, in every respect, a notable one for the age. Its object King of Spain himself informs us, was to find a port where ships coming from the Philipine islands to Acapulco, a tra which had then been established some thirty years, might I in and provide themselves with water, wood, masts and oth things of absolute necessity. The galleons from Manila h all this time been running down this coast before the nor west wind, and were even accustomed, as some say, to ma the land as far to the north as cape Mendocino which C brillo had named. Sebastian Vizcayno with his fleet struggl up with immense difficulty against the same north-west win On the 10th of November 1602 he entered San Diego a found on its north-west side a forest of oaks and other trees, considerable extent, of which I do not know that there are a traces now or even a tradition. In lower California he lande frequently and made an accurate survey of the coast, and one bay gave the capricious appellation of the Bay of eleve thousand Virgins. Above San Diego he kept further from th shore, noting the most conspicuous land marks. But he cam through the canal of Santa Barbara, which I suppose he s named, and when at anchor under one of the islands, was visi ed by the King of that country who came with a fleet of boat and earnestly pressed him to land, offering as proof of his ho pitable intentions to furnish every one of his seamen with te wives. Finally he anchored in the bay of Monterey on th 16th of December 1602-—this was more than four years befor the English landed at Jamestown. The name of Monterey wa given to this port in honor of the Viceroy. On the 17th day of December 1602, a church-tent or arbor-was erected unde a large oak close to the seaside, and Fathers Andrew de la Assumpcion and Antonio de la Ascension said Mass, and s continued to do whilst the expedition remained there. Ye this was not the first Christian worship on these shores, for

Drake had worshipped according to a Protestant ritual at the place where he landed 25 years before. The port of Monterey as it appeared to those weary voyagers, and they were in a miserable plight from the affliction of scurvy, seems to have been very pleasing. It is described in the narrative of Father Andrew, as an excellent harbor, and secure against all winds. "Near the shore are an infinite number of very large pines, "straight and smooth, fit for masts and yards, likewise oaks of a prodigious size for building ships. Here likewise are rose trees, white thorns, firs, willows, and poplars; large clear lakes, fine pastures and arable lands," &c. &c. A traveler of this day, perhaps might not color the picture so highly. Vizcayno sent back one of his ships with the news, and with the sick, and with the other left Monterey on the 3d of January 1603, and it was never visited more for a hundred and sixtysix years. On the 12th having a fair wind we are told that he passed the port of San Francisco, and that losing sight of his other vessel he returned to the port of San Francisco to wait for her. Father Andrew de la Assumpcion (as reported in Father Venegas) on this interesting point uses the following language: "Another reason which induced the Capitania (flag ship) to put into puerto Francisco was to take a survey "of it and see if anything was to be found of the San Augustin "which in the year 1595, had by order of his Majesty and the "Viceroy, been sent from the Philippines to survey the coast "of California under the direction of Sebastian Rodriguez "Cermenon a pilot of known abilities; but was driven ashore "in this harbor by the violence of the wind. And among "others on board the San Augustin, was the pilot Francisco "Volanos, who was also chief pilot of this squadron. He was "acquainted with the country and affirmed that they had left "ashore a great quantity of wax and several chests of silk ; "and the General was desirous of putting in here to see if "there remained any vestiges of the ship and cargo. The "Capitainia came to anchor behind a point of land called La "Punta de los Reyes."

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Did Vizcayno enter the Bay of San Francisco? I think it plain that he did not. Yet exceedingly curious and interest

ing is it to reflect that he was but a little way outside the hea and that the indentation of the coast which opens into the b of San Francisco was known to him from the report of the lots of the ships from the Philippines, and by the same nam In the narratives of the explorers the reader is often puzzl by finding that objects upon the shore are spoken of as alrea known, as for example in this voyage of Vizcayno the hig lands a little south of Monterey are mentioned by the name the Sierra de Santa Lucia, so named at some previous tim the explanation follows in the same sentence where they a said to be a usual land-mark for the China ships-ie: undoub edly the galleons from the Philippines. Vizcayno could read no farther north than cape Mendocino, in which neighborhoo he found himself with only six men able to keep the deck; h other vessel penetrated as far as the 43d degree; and the both returned to Acapulco. In those days there was a fab lous story very prevalent of a channel somewhere to the nort of us which connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and seems that some foreigner, had actually presented to the Kin of Spain a history of a voyage he had made directly acros from New Foundland to the Pacific ocean by the staits o Anian. The King is said to have had an eye to the discover of this desirable canal at the same time that he was makin provision for his trade from the Western Islands.

In 1697, the Jesuits with patient art and devoted zeal, accom plished that which had defied the energy of Cortez and baffled the efforts of the Spanish monarchy for generations afterwards They possessed themselves of Lower California, and occupied the greater portion of that peninsula, repulsive as it was, with their missions. In 1742, Anson, the English Commodore cruising off the Western Coast of Mexico, watched for the Spanish galleon which still plied an annual trip between Aca pulco and Manila. This galleon was half man-of-war, hal merchantman, was armed, manned and officered by the King but sailed on account of various houses of the Jesuits in the Philippines, who owned her tonnage in shares of a certain number of bales each, and enjoyed the monopoly of this trade by royal grant. She exchanged dollars from the Mexican

mines for the productions of the east, and we read that at that day the manufacturers of Valencia and Cadiz in Spain, clamored for protection against the silks and cotton cloths of India and China thus imported by this sluggish craft which crept lazily through the tropics, relied upon rain to replenish the water jars on deck, and was commonly weakened by scurvy and required about six months for the return voyage-into Acapulco, thence transported on mules to Vera Cruz, and thence again after another tedious voyage to Europe. Anson watched in vain; the prudent galleon thought it best to remain under the shelter of the guns of Acapulco, in the presence of so dangerous a neighbor. He sailed away to the west, stopped and refreshed his crew at a romantic island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, went over to Macao and there refitted, and then captured the galleon at last, with a million and a half of dollars on board, as she was going into Manila, after a desperate combat with his ship, the Centurion. He then returned to China, extinguished a great fire in Canton with his crew, sold the galleon in Macao, and got back safe to England with his treasure. His chaplain, Mr. Richard Walter, the author of the admiraole narrative of this celebrated voyage, goes on after relating the capture, to say: "I shall only add, that "there were taken on board the galleon, several draughts and "journals. Among the rest there was found a chart "of all the Ocean, between the Philippines and the Coast of "Mexico, which was that made use of by the galleon in her own "navigation. A copy of this draught, corrected in some places by our own observations, is here annexed, together "with the route of the galleon traced thereon from her own journals, and likewise the route of the Centurion from A ca'pulco through the same Ocean."

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* * *

Here we may look for information. We have at least one log-book and chart of the old Manila galleons. What if we could have access to the books of account of those venerable old traders in their monasteries at Manila! Examining this chart we find that the coast of California from a little further north than Punta de los Reyes, is laid down with remarkable accuracy. We have a great indentation of the Coast immed

iately below Punta de los Reyes, a large land-locked bay w a narrow entrance, immediately off which lie seven little bla spots called Los Farallones-in short, a Bay at San Fra cisco, but without a name. The Farallones, I think we named by Cabrillo in 1542, two hundred years before Anson time. Was this our Port of San Francisco as we know it, that which Vizcayno entered when he anchored on the 12th Jan., 1603, under a point of land called La Punta de 1 Reyes? Lower down we have Point Año Nuevo and Poi Pinos, and a bay between, but not the name of Monterey, th a great many islands, then Point Conception, then San Ped and then the Port of San Diego, and Lower California to Cay San Lucas. The outward track of the galleon lies betwe 12 and 15 degrees North, and on her return she goes up as hig as about 35 degrees, and there being off Point Conceptio but a long way out to sea, she turns to the south an runs down the Coast to Cape San Lucas, where the Jesu Fathers kept signal fires burning on the mountains to guid her into Port, and expected her return with the frui and fresh provisions which the exhausted mariners so muc needed. Such was the strange precursor of the stear ship and clipper on the waters of the Pacific, and the fir great carrier of the commerce between its opposite shores You will observe how nature brings this commerce to our door The outward run of the galleon so near the Equator was t take the Eastern trade winds, which wafted her without th necessity of changing a sail directly to the Philippines;—Chin and the Indies-and her returning course was to avoid thes trade winds and to catch the breezes which to the North blow from the West. And this great circle of the winds touches ou shores at the Bay of San Francisco. This Chart was drawi for the use of the Spanish Generals, (for such was the title and rank of the commanders of the Spanish galleons) and "con "tained all the discoveries which the Manila ships have a any time made in traversing this vast Ocean."

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It was these discoveries that gave names to so many points upon our Coast undoubtedly, and prompted so many explorers after Cabrillo, and both before and after Vizcayno. Knowing