OLD TEMPLE BAR 171 Henry VIII. by Sir Thomas Lovell, whose arms are placed above the arch. Fuller describes how Ben Jonson was seen working at the building of this gateway with a copy of Horace in one hand, while he used his trowel with the other. "Some gentlemen, pitying that his parts should be buried under the rubbish of so mean a calling, did of their bounty manumize him freely to follow his own ingenious inclinations." There is an interesting old statue of Queen Elizabeth over an entrance to St Dunstan's Church, in Fleet Street. Originally it was on the old City gate-Ludgate and survived the ravages of the Great Fire, though the building on which it stood was burnt. In 1878 old Temple Bar was taken down, and about two years later there was erected, as a memorial of the gateway, that extraordinary what shall I call it ?-perhaps a pillar on which rages a dragon, or some such mythical beast, there being statues of Queen Victoria and the Prince of Wales on the two broader sides of the pillar. These were executed by Boehm. Temple Bar, the one we remember, was built in 1670, Sir Christopher Wren being the architect. It marked the boundary between the City of London and Westminster, 172 FAMILIAR LONDON and the old gates were always closed on the approach of the reigning monarch to the City. On his arrival a herald sounded a trumpet; a parley followed; and the Lord Mayor appeared and presented to the King the sword and keys of the City. This custom dates from early times, and has been kept up until our own day. Old records tell us that "anciently there were only posts, rails, and a chain here; but later on there was a wooden building erected"; and Stow mentions that at the time of the coronation of Edward VI. "it was painted and fashioned with battlements and buttresses of various colours, richly hung with cloth of arras, and garnished with fourteen standards of flags." At the funeral of the Duke of Wellington the gateway was draped in black. It had on many occasions the distinction of bearing on high the heads of traitors, conspirators, and others. Temple Bar, on its removal, was re-erected near Waltham Cross. Reverting to the Temple, we find matter of interest in the old sun-dials. There are several of them: one in Temple Lane bears the inscription "Pereunt et imputantur"; one in Brick Court warns us that "Time and tide tarry for no man.' Near Middle Temple Hall there is one which |