1825. December 5. make free goods. of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy, beforementioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of one power or under several. And it is hereby stipulated, that free ships Free ships to shall also give freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed to be free and exempt, which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties although the whole lading, or any part there. of should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed, in like manner, that All persons on board, except the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free those in the acship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to both tual service of or either party, they are not to be taken out of that free ship, free. unless they are officers or soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemies: Provided, however, and it is hereby agreed, that the stipulations in this article contained, declaring that the flag shall cover the property, shall be understood as ap- only, who acplying to those powers only who recognise this principle; but knowledge the if either of the two contracting parties should be at war with principle. a third, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies whose governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others. an enemy to be Flag covering the property to be applied to those powers, perty, to be protected by a neutral flag, must be ship ped two months before declara tion of war, &c. ART. 15. It is likewise agreed, that in the case where the Enemy's proneutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found on board such enemy's vessels shall be held and considered as enemy's property, and as such shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterwards, if it were done without the knowledge of it; but the contracting parties agree, that two months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof. On the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy's property, in that case the goods and merchandises of the neutral, embarked in such enemy's ship shall be free. ART. 16. This liberty of navigation and commerce shall ex- Contraband specified. tend to all kinds of merchandises, excepting those only which 1825. December 5. solamente, que se distinguen con el nombre de contrabando, y bajo este nombre de contrabando ó efectos prohibidos se comprehenderán: 1o. Cañones, morteros, obuces, pedreros, trabucos, mosquetes, fusiles, rifles, carabinas, pistolas, picas, espadas, sables, lanzas, chuzos, alabardas, y granadas, bombas, polvora, mechas, balas, con las demas cosas correspondientes al uso de esta armas. 2o. Escudos, casquetes, corazas, cotas de malla, fornituras, y vestidos hechos en forma, y á usanza militar. 3°. Bandoleras, y caballos junto con sus armas y arneses. 4°. Y generalmente toda especie de armas, é instrumentos de hierro acero, bronce, cobre, y otras materias cualesquiera, manufacturadas, preparadas, y formadas espresamente para hacér la guerra por mar, ó tierra. ART. 17°. Todas las demas mercaderias, y efectos no comprehendidos en los articulos de contrabando esplicitamente enumerados, y clasificados en el articulo anterior, serán tenidos, y reputados por libres, y de licito y libre comercio, de modo, que ellos puedan sér transportados, y llevados de la manera mas libre, por los ciudadanos de ambas partes contratantes, aun á los lugares pertenecientes á un enemigo de una á otra, eceptuando solamente aquellos lugares ó plazas, que están al mismo tiempo sitiadas ó bloqueadas: y para evitar toda duda en el particulár, se declaran sitiadas ó bloqueadas áquellas plazas, que en la actualidad estuviesen átacadas por una fuerza de un beligerante capaz de impedir la en trada del neutrál. ART. 18°. Los articulos de contrabando antes enumerados y clasificados, que se hallan en un buque destinado á puerto enemigo estarán sujetos á detencion y confiscacion; dejando libre el resto del cargamento y el buque, para que los dueños puedan disponer de ellos como lo crean conveniente. Ningun buque de cualquiera de las dos naciones, será detenido, por tenér á bordo articulos de contrabando, siempre que el maestre, capitan, ó sobrecargo de dicho buque quiera entregár los articulos de contrabando al apresador, á menos que lo cantidad de estos articulos sea tan grande y de tanto volumen, que no puedan sér recibidos á bordo del buque apresadór, sin grandes inconvenientes; pero en este, como en todos los otros casos de justa detencion, el buque detenido será enviado al puerto mas inmediato, comodo, y seguro, par ser juzgado y sentenciado conforme á las leyes. are distinguished by the name of contraband, and under this name of contraband, or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended 1st. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fuzées, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberds, and granades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms. 2dly. Bucklers, helmets, breast-plates, coats of mail, infantry belts, and clothes made up in the form and for a military use. Sdly. Cavalry belts, and horses with their furniture. 4thly. And generally all kinds of arms and instruments of iron, steel, brass and copper, or of any other materials manufactured, prepared and formed, expressly to make war by sea or land. 1825. December 5. ART. 17. All other merchandise and things not compre- Goods not conhended in the articles of contraband explicitly enumerated, traband. and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner by both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places which are at that time besieged or blocked up; and to avoid all doubt in this particular, it is de- Definition of clared that those places only are besieged or blockaded which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral. blockade. ART. 18. The articles of contraband, before enumerated Contraband only liable to conand classified, which may be found in a vessel bound for an fiscation. enemy's port, shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain, or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great, and of so large a bulk, that they cannot be received on board the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but in this and in all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port, for trial and judgment according to law. 1825. ART. 19°. Y por cuanto frecuentemente sucede que los December 5. buques navegan para un puerto ó lugár perteneciente á un enemigo, sin saber que aquel esté sitiado, bloqueado ó envestido, se conviene en que todo buque en estas circumstancias se pueda hacer volver de dicho puerto, ó lugar; pero no será detenido, ni confiscado parte alguna de su cargamento, no siendo contrabando; á menos que despues de la intimacion de semejante bloqueo ó ataque, por el comandante de las fuerzas bloqueadoras, intentase otra vez entrar; pero le será permitido ir á qualquiera otro puerto ó lugar que juzgue conveniente. Ni ningun buque de una de las partes, que haya entrado en semejante puerto, ó lugar, antes que estuviese sitiado, bloqueado, ó envestido por la otra, sera impedido de dejar el tal lugar con su cargamento, ni si fuere hallado alli despues de la rendicion y entrega de semejante lugár, estará el tal buque ó su cargamento sujeto á confiscacion, sino que serán restituidos á sus dueños. ART. 20°. Para evitar todo genero de desorden en la visita, y examen de los buques y cargamentos de ambas partes contratantes en alta mar, han convenido mutuamente, que siempre que un buque de guerra, publico ó particular se encontrase con un neutral de la otra parte contratante, el primero permanecerá fuera de tiro de cañon, y podrá mandár su bote, con dos ó tres hombres solamente, para ejecutar el dicho examen de los papeles concernientes á la propiedad y carga del buque, sin ocasionar la menor estorcion, violencia ó mal tratamiento, por lo que los comandantes del dicho buque armado serán responsables, con sus personas y bienes; á cuyo efecto los comandantes de buques armados, por cuenta de particulares, estarán obligados antes de entregarseles sus comisiones ó patentes, á dar fianza suficiente para respondér de los perjuicios que causen. Y se ha convenido espresamente, que en ningun caso se exigira á la parte neutrál, que vaya á bordo del buque examinador con el fin de exibir sus papeles, ó para cualquiera otro objeto sea el que fuere. ART. 21°. Para evitar todo clase de vejamen y abuso en el examen de los papeles relativos á la propiedad de los buques pertenecientes á los ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes, han convenido y convienen, que en caso de que una de ellas estuviere en guerra, los buques, y bajeles pertenecientes á los ciudadanos de la otra, serán provistos con letras de már, o pasaportes, espresando et nombre, propiedad y tamaño del buque, como tambien el nombre y lugar de la residencia del maestre, ó comandante, á fin de que se vea que el buque, real 1825. In cases of fied but not de ART. 19. And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy, without know- December 5. ing that the same is besieged, blockaded, or invested, it is agreed, that every vessel so circumstanced, may be turned blockade, vesaway from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor sels to be notishall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, tained, &c. unless, after warning of such blockade, or investment from the commanding officer of the blockading forces, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any Vessels entervessel of either, that may have entered into such port before ing before blockade, may the same was actually besieged, blockaded or invested, quit unmolestby the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her ed, &c. cargo, nor if found therein after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof. reach of cannon ART. 20. In order to prevent all kind of disorder in the During a visit at sea, armed visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the vessels to recontracting parties on the high seas, they have agreed mutual- main out of ly, that whenever a vessel of war, public or private, shall meet shot. with a neutral of the other contracting party, the first shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send its boat with two or three men only in order to execute the said examination of the papers concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence, or ill treatment, for which the commanders of the said armed ships shall be responsible with their persons and property; for which purpose the commanders of the said private armed vessels shall, before receiving their commissions, give sufficient security to answer for all the damages they may commit. And it is expressly Neutrals not to agreed that the neutral party shall in no case be required to examining vesgo on board the examining vessel, for the purpose of exhibit- sel. ing her papers, or for any other purpose whatever. go on board the ART. 21. To avoid all kind of vexation and abuse in the In case of war, examination of the papers relating to the ownership of the ves- tificates of carsea letters, cersels belonging to the citizens of the two contracting parties, go, &c. to be furnished, exthey have agreed, and do agree, that in case one of them pressing to should be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to whom the property belongs. the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property and bulk of the ship, as also the name and place of habitation of the master or commander of said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear, |