1831. April 5.

Brokers.factors, &c. to be

chosen as the parties may think fit.

No embargo or detention without compensation.

Exemption from compul

sory service.

provided for.

ART. 7. All merchants, captains or commanders of vessels, and other citizens of the United States of America, shall have full liberty in the United Mexican States to direct or manage themselves, their own affairs, or to commit them to the management of whomsoever they may think proper, either as broker, factor, agent, or interpreter; nor shall they be obliged to employ for the aforesaid purposes any other persons than those employed by Mexicans, nor to pay them higher salaries or remuneration than such as are in like cases paid by Mexicans: and absolute freedom shall be allowed in all cases to the buyer and seller to bargain and fix the prices of any goods, wares, or merchandise imported into, or exported from, the United Mexican States, as they may think proper; observing the laws, usages, and customs of the country. The citizens of Mexico shall enjoy the same privileges in the States and Territories of the United States of America, being subject to the same conditions.

ART. 8. The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable to any embargo, nor shall their vessels, cargoes, merchandise, or effects, be detained for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatsoever, without a corresponding compensation.

ART. 9. The citizens of both countries, respectively, shall be exempt from compulsory service in the army or navy; nor shall they be subjected to any other charges, or contributions, or taxes, than such as are paid by the citizens of the States in which they reside.

ART. 10. Whenever the citizens of either of the contractRefuge from stress of weath- ing parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in the rier, enemies,&c. vers, bays, ports or dominions of the other with their vessels, whether merchant or of war, public or private, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, with the precautions which may be deemed expedient on the part of the respective Governments in order to avoid fraud, giving to them all favor and protection for repairing their vessels, procuring provisions, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage without obstacle or hinderance of any kind.

Vessels, &c. captured by pirates, to be given up.

ART. 11. All vessels, merchandise, or effects, belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction, or on the high seas, and may be carried into or found in the rivers, bays, ports, or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving, in due and proper

ART. 7. Todo comerciante, comandante de buque, y otros ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America gozarán de libertad completa en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos para dirijir ó girar por si sus propios negocios ó para encargar su manejo aquien mejor les parezca, sea correder, factor, agente ó interprete; y no se le obligará á emplear para estos objetos á ningunas otras personas que aquellas que se emplean por los Mejicanos, ni estarán obligados á pagarles mas salario ó remuneracion que la que en semejantes casos pagan los Mejicanos, y se concederá libertad absoluta en todos los casos al comprador ó vendedor para ajustar y fijar el precio de cualesquiera efectos, articulos ó mercancias importadas ó esportadas de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, como lo crean conveniente observando las leyes, usos y costumbres establecidas en el pais. Los ciudadanos de Mexico gozarán los mismos privilegios en los Estados y Territorios de los Estados Unidos de America, quedando sugetos á las mismas condiciones.

ART. 8. Los ciudadanos de las partes contratantes no estarán sugetos á embargo, ni sus buques, cargamentos mercancias ó efectas serán detenidos para ninguna espedicion militar, ni para ningun otro objeto público ó privado, cualquiera que sea, sin una compensacion correspondiente.

ART. 9. Los ciudadanos de ambos paises respectivamente, estarán ecsentos de todo servicio militar forzoso en el ejercito ò armada; ni estarán sugetos á ningunas otras cargas, contribuciones ó impuestos, que aquelias que son pagadas por los ciudadanos de los Estados en que residen.

ART. 10. Siempre que los ciudadanos de cualquiera de las partes contratantes se vean precisados á buscar refugio ó asilo en los rios, bahias, puertos ó dominios de la otra con sus buques, ya sean mercantes, ó de guerra, ó armardos en corso, á causa de un temporal persecucion de piratas ó enemigos, serán recibidos y tratados con humanidad, previas las precauciones que se juzgen convenientes por parte del respectivo Gobierno para evitar el fraude, concediendoles todo favor y proteccion para reparar sus buques, procurar provisiones y ponerse en estado de continuar su viaje, sin obstaculo ò impedimento de ninguna clase.

ART. 11. Todo buque, mercancia y efectos, pertenecientes à ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, que sean apresados por piratas, ya sea dentro de los limites de su jurisdiccion ó en alta mar, y que fueren conducidos ó encontrados en los rios, bahias, puertos ò dominios de la otra, serán entregados á sus dueños, provando estos en debida forma sus

1831.

April 5.

citizens.

form, their rights before the competent tribunal; it being well understood that the claim shall be made within one year, counting from the capture of said vessels or merchandise by the parties themselves, or their attorneys, or by the agents of the respective Governments.

ART. 12. When any vessel belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, shall be wrecked, foundered, or shall suffer any damage on the coasts or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to it all the assistance and protection in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens; permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandise effects, with the precautions which may be deemed expedient on the part of the respective Governments. in order to avoid fraud, without exacting for it any duty, impost, or contribution whatever, until they be exported.

1

ART, 15. In whatever relates to the succession of [perRight of disposal of property, sonal] estates, either by will or ab intestato [and the right of] by will or sale, same as native' disposal of such property, of whatever sort or denomination it may be, by sale. donation. exchange, or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, the citizens of the two contracting parties shall enjoy, in their respective States and Territories, the same privileges, exemptions, liberties, and rights, as native citizens; and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with other or higher duties or impost, than those which are now, or may hereafter be paid by the citizens of the power in whose territories they may reside.

Special protec

tion to persons and property; tribunais of justice open,&c.

ART. 14. Both the contracting parties promise and engage to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in their territories, subject to the jurisdiction of the one or of the other, transient or dwelling therein; leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and the citizens of either party, or their agents, shall enjoy, in every respect, the same rights and privileges, either in prosecuting or defending their rights of person or of property, as the citizens of the country where the cause may be tried.

ART 15. The citizens of the United States of America, residing in the United Mexican States, shall enjoy in their

derechos ante el tribunal competente; bien entendido que el reclamo deberá hacerse dentro del termino de un año contado desde la captura de dichos buques ó mercancias, por los mismos interesados, sus apoderados ó por los agentes de sus Gobiernos respectivos.

ART. 12. Cuando algun buque perteneciente à ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, naufrague, vaya á pique, ó sufra cualquiera averia, en las costas ó dentro de los dominios de la otra, se le dispensará toda la asistencia y proteccion, del mismo modo que es de uso y costumbre con los buques de la nacion en que acontece el daño; permitiendoles descargar las mercancias y efectos del mismo buque si fuere necesario con las precauciones que se estimen convenientes por parte de los Gobiernos respectivos, para evitar el fraude. sin ecsigir por ello ningun impuesto ó contribucion cualquiera que sean, hasta que sean esportadas.

ART. 13. Por lo que toca á la sucesion de las propiedades personales por testamento ó ab-intestato, y al derecho de dis. poner de la propiedad personal de cualquiera clase ó denominacion, por venta, donacion, permuta ó testamento, ó de otro modo cualquiera los ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes gozarán en sus respectivos Estados y Territorios los mismos privilegios, ecsenciones, libertades y derechos que si fueran ciudadanos nativos; y no se les cargara en ninguno de estos puntos ó casos, mayores impuestos ó derechos que los que pagan ó en adelante pagaren los ciudadanos nativos de la potencia en cuyo territorio residan.

ART. 14. Ambas partes contratantes prometen y formalmente se obligan á conceder su especial proteccion á las personas y propiedades de los ciudadanos de cada una de ellas, en todas clases que puedan ecsistir en sus territorios sugetos á la jurisdiccion de la una ó de la otra, transeuntes 6 radicados en ellos; dejandoles abiertos y libres los tribunales de justicia para sus recursos judiciales, de la misma manera que es uso y costumbre con los nacionales ó ciudadanos del pais en que residan; á cuyo efecto podrán emplear en defensa de sus derechos, los abogados, procuradores, escrivanos, agentes y factores que juzgen á proposito en todos sus juicios: y dichos ciudadanos ó sus agentes gozarán en todo, los mismos derechos y privilegios en la prosecucion ó defensa de sus personas ó propiedades que disfrutan los ciudadanos del pais en donde la causa sea seguida.

ART. 15. Los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America residentes en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, gozarán

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April 5.

1831. April 5.

Liberty of conscience, and privilege of sepulchre.

Free trade with

with either

party.

houses, persons,and properties,the protection of the government, with the most perfect security and liberty of conscience: they shall not be disturbed or molested, in any manner, on account of their religion, so long as they respect the constitution, the laws, and established usages of the country where they resides and they shall also enjoy the privilege of burying the dead in places which now are, or may hereafter be assigned for that purpose; nor shall the funerals or sepulchres of the dead be disturbed in any manner, nor under any pretext.

The citizens of the United Mexican States shall enjoy, throughout all the States and Territories of the United States of America, the same protection; and shall be allowed the free exercise of their religion, in public or in private, either within their own houses, or in the chapels or places of worship set apart for that purpose.

ART. 16. It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United those at enmity States of America, and of the United Mexican States respectively, to sail with their vessels with all manner of security and liberty, no distinction being made who are the owners of the merchandise laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who are now, or may hereafter be at enmity with the United States of America or with the United Mexican States. It shall likewise be lawful for the aforesaid citizens respectively to sail with their vessels and merchandise, before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places. ports, and havens of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy, before mentioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the same government or under several; and it is hereby stipulated that free ships shall also give freedom to goods; and that every thing shall be deemed free and exempt which shall be found on board the vessels belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading or any part thereof, should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed that the same liberty be The flag to pro- extended to persons who are on board a free vessel, so that, tect passengers. although they be ene nies to either party, they shall not be made prisoners, or taken out of that free vessel, unless they are soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemy. By the

Free ships make free goods.