Impeach ments. And extent of judgment in cases. Party liable according to law. Elections, how regulated. Meetings of To judge of the election of its members. Quorum. Rules. Journals. Adjournment. 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law. SECTION 4. 1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each State, by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SECTION 5. 1. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorised to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide. 2. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 4. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. SECTION 6. 1. The senators and representatives shall receive Compensation. a compensation for their services, to be ascertained. by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from Privilege. arrest, during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to or returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 2. No senator or representative shall, during the Concerning the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any holding of officivil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house, during his continuance in office. SECTION 7. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in Revenue bills. the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. dent in rela tion to bills. dent. 2. Every bill which shall have passed the House Power and duty of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it of the presi becomes a law, be presented to the president of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large, on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two- Proceedings on thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, bills returned it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays; and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill, shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return; in which case, it shall not be a law. 3. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the Joint resoluconcurrence of the Senate and House of Represent- tions, except for adjourn ment, to re sanction as atives may be necessary; (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the president of the ceive the same United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. bills. Powers of con to taxes. SECTION 8. The Congress shall have power 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and gress relative excises; to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States: Loans. Commerce. Naturalization. Money. 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States: 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes: 4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States: 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures: Counterfeiting. 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States: Post-offices. Science. Tribunals. War. Armies. Navy. Land and naval forces. 7. To establish post offices and post roads: 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries: 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations: 10. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water: 11. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use, shall be for a longer term than two years: 12. To provide and maintain a navy: 13. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces: 14. To provide for calling forth the militia to Militia. execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions: 15. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving, to the States respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress: &c. 16. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases Legislation whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten over a district, miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same. shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings: - and 17. To make all laws which shall be necessary and Laws necessaproper for carrying into execution the foregoing pow- ry for the exeers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECTION 9. cution of their powers. tation of certain persons, &c. 1. The migration or importation of such persons of the imporas any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall Writ of habeas not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion corpus. or invasion, the public safety may require it. 3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law, shall Attainder, &c. be passed. 4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, Direct taxes unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. from the States &c. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported Of commerce from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, Of expendibut in consequence of appropriations made by law; tures. No nobility created, and no presents accepted by U. and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent S. officers, &c. of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. Powers prohi SECTION 10. 1. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance or bited to the in- confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; dividual states. coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. Powers which exercise only under the sanction of con gress. 2. No state shall, without the consent of the Conthe States can gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States, and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Executive power. Electors of ARTICLE II. SECTION 1. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the vice president, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as president and the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electvice president. ors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no senator or representative, or person |