may say or do will be as little heeded by the ministry as was their protest against the treaty with Texas. British ministerial anti-slavery, accommodates itself to circumstances. The expediency of the measure being settled, we predict that new orders will be given to the naval commanders on the African station, to increase their number of recaptures by breaking up the baracoons, and that these slave traders, who, like CANOT, (the successor of PEDRO BLANCO,) will relinquish the buying, selling, and shipping of slaves for Spanish and Portuguese dominions, and engage in lawful traffic under the British flag, will be enabled to do a better business in procuring free emigrants for the West Indies. What power is in this new scheme, for happyfying the degraded Africans under its transforming influence! The greatest villains that have disgraced humanity, like ROBESPIERRE and MURAT under the French philosophy, become benefactors of their race! CANOT, the prince of slave traders, is now co-operating with British officers on that coast, in carrying out the views of their Government. But what will be the gain to Africa, if her sons and daughters, who are taken from their homes and friends, are sent to Trinidad instead of Cuba? In either place they are lost to Africa. If after being marched to the coast, on condition of consenting freely to emigrate to the West Indies, these Africans should change their minds and refuse to embark, they would, on returning home, be doomed as a sacrifice to their gods.

In whatever light this plan of transporting native African laborers to the British colonies is viewed, it is barbarous and unjust, and conflicts with the previous professions of Great Britain; nor can it be prosecuted, but by perpetuating the very evils inflicted by the slave trade.

With the general policy of Great Britain we, as Americans, have nothng to do. But when that Government adopts a policy in relation to America, hostile in its operations and tendencies, we cannot be indifferent.

ANOTHER VESSEL FOR LIBERIA.

THE schooner Regulus sailed from Norfolk, Virginia, on the 12th ult., for Monrovia, Liberia. She has been purchased by the American Colonization Society for the use of the Colony, and is to remain on the coast, running between the different settlements of the Colony. She carried out a full eargo of goods for the Colony, and for purchasing territory from the natives. In consequence of the haste in which she was despatched, we had not time to get any emigrants ready, excepting one, who was waiting at Norfolk. She was so much needed by the Governor, that we did not think it right to detain her on any account. She will be a great acquisition to the Colony, and we shall expect to see her influence felt, not only in Liberia, but also among the natives all along the coast.

IMPORTANT COLONIZATION MOVEMENT.

THE State of Maryland, always zealous in the work of Colonization, is now taking effective measures to carry on the work with increased vigor A State Convention has been held to deliberate on the important inter ests submitted to them by the Managers of their Colonization Society. It assembled in Baltimore on the 3d ult., at 11 o'clock, in the Light street Church Delegates appeared from every county in the State. This shows that an unusual interest is felt on the subject. The Convention was fully organized by the election of JOHN NELSON, of Baltimore, President; and the Rev. JOHN MINES, OTHO SCOTT, JOHN G. CHAPMAN, Dr. A. C. THOMPSON, Gen. THOMAS EMORY, Gen. TILGHMAN, HANSON B. PIGMAN, WM. H. TUCK, Vice Presidents; and BRANTZ MAYN, and HUGH D. EVANS, Secretaries.

After which the Board of Managers of the State Society, presented to the Convention an address, which was listened to with much interest, and referred to a Committee to report thereon. This Committee reported a series of resolutions, which we regret not being able to lay before our rea ders at present.

Of the discussion which arose on these resolutions, and of the general benefits of the Convention, the Baltimore American remarks:

"The debates yesterday were in the highest degree animated, earnest and able. The sentiments of some of the most intelligent gentlemen of the State, from the several counties, were delivered fully and freely, and were no doubt in accordance with the general tenor of public feeling throughout the commonwealth on the interesting matters before the Con

vention.

"We may congratulate the friends of Colonization on the results of the free interchange of opinions and views which this Convention has been the means of bringing about. The members of it will return to their re spective homes more deeply impressed than ever with the importance of the enterprise-more fully satisfied concerning its feasibility-nay assured of a certainty, that with proper co-operation on the part of the people of Maryland, the success of the undertaking can no longer be doubted."

"One of the most important acts of this Convention was to take mea sures for the establishment of direct commercial intercourse between this port and Cape Palmas. We may soon expect to see a regular packet, bearing the banner of the young commonwealth on the Western coast of Africa, sailing from our harbor, manned by colonists, and devoted to the exclusive use of trading between the mother country and the infant, yet thriving, settlement in Liberia.

"To the free colored people of our State this practical exhibition of facts long since declared to them, yet unwillingly credited, will come with all the force of reality, and seeing, they will believe that the home prepared for them in the land of their fathers, by their friends in Maryland, is indeed a spot where freedom may be enjoyed in prosperity, and where their condition may be improved immeasurably beyond anything which they can hope for in this country."

We hope to be furnished soon with a detailed account of the proceedings, and full reports of the debates. We regard the action of this Convention as most important to the interests of Colonization. And we hope soon to see all the States coming forward in this good and glorious work.

AFRICAN COLONIZATION.

No plan was ever devised by human wisdom, better calculated to aecomplish the benevolent object of elevating a degraded portion of our race, than American Colonization, notwithstanding the opposition it has met with from those who misapprehend its objects and tendency.

Many colored men are now enjoying in Liberia the blessings of social and civil liberty, and all the necessaries of life, and no where could they be surrounded by stronger inducements to industry. It is gratifying to know that the opposition to emigration which has so generally prevailed among the colored people is giving way. Applications from severak colored men and their families for passages to Liberia have been recently received. Some of these applicants are possessed of considerable pro-perty, which they wish to invest in coffee plantations.

For the information of these, as well as others who wish to emigrate to Liberia, I addressed the following letter a few days since to Dr. JOHNSON, a highly respectable and intelligent gentleman of Philadelphia, who has. spent four years in Liberia, first as physician, then as Governor of Bassa Cove Colony, and who is himself preparing to return to that country to prosecute the coffee growing business. His very interesting reply is sub,joined.

Dr. W. JOHNSON,

DEAR SIR,I will thank you for replies to the following inquiries

What is the quality of Liberia coffee? Is the soil best calculated for growing coffee abundant in Liberia ? Is the plant easily raised? What number of trees will grow profitably on an acre? At what age does the tree commence bearing? What is the average product of the tree when mature? What is the cost per acre of clearing land, and preparing it for the coffee tree, and what the yearly amount of labor to keep the land and trees in good condition?

Replies to the above inquiries, and such other information as you may be able to give in relation to this subject, will much oblige several respectable colored men who are preparing to emigrate to Liberia, some of whom, have the means of engaging largely in the coffee business.

Yours, &c.,

S. WILKESON.

PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 3, 1841.

SIR, I received yours of the 29th this evening, and will endeavor to, make satisfactory answers.

All who have tried the Liberia coffee, as far as I have heard, say that it is equal in quality to the Mocha or Java. The usual cost of clearing land in Liberia, and introducing a crop of rice, is about five dollars worth of goods, at African prices, per acre. The natives are accustomed from their childhood to that kind of work, and will do as much as white men for twenty-five cents per day, or three dollars per month. A large part of the country is covered only by a recent growth of wood, as the natives clear new farms every year. They neither use ploughs nor hoes, and when the bushes and trees are cut and burned, the land is prepared to receive the seed or whatever they cultivate. The land on that coast commences to. rise toward the interior almost in the immediate vicinity of the ocean. At the distance of about five miles inland the sandy soil and the swamps.

entirely cease, and are succeeded by a moderately elevated and rolling country. The lower levels are composed of clay and loam, with a mixture of sand sufficient for making bricks, and the higher, which occupy far the greater part of the country, of a reddish gravelly loam, precisely adapted to the cultivation of coffee.

In September and October limes should be collected, and the seed separated by rotting and washing them, and sown in a nursery, and coffee preserved for seed in December.

The land should be cleared in January; February and March, team and harrows prepared; rice sown in April, and the lime seedling transplanted into a hedge, and coffee sown in a nursery. Two men will easily enclose forty acres with hedge in ten days. After planting, it requires scarcely any further care, and will in eighteen months be sufficient to prevent the passage of any domestic animal. When well grown it will prevent the intrusion of monkeys, as it is thickly set with thorns.

The price of a yoke of bullocks is about thirty dollars. Rice requires no farther cultivation, but the sprouts from stumps should be destroyed as soon as they spring. The rice will be cut in August, threshed and sold in the rough state, and the land immediately ploughed. As the roots are small and soon decay, they will by this time obstruct the plough much less than they would have done at first. Peanuts may be planted at this season, and are one of the best products for commerce-of so quick growth and so little expense. At the first and second ploughing, we may also raise corn, pumpkins, peas, millet, sweet potatoes, &c. In the next March the ground should be ploughed again, marked and cross marked, and planted with corn. In May a coffee plant is to be set in every third hill of every third row, being at the distance of about ten feet, and five hundred trees grown on an acre. In June if any have died others may be introduced from the nursery. Afterwards the same things may be produced twice a year until the coffee is four years old, by ploughing between the rows of coffee, which may be manured with the trash left on the land.

Peanuts might be raised constantly instead of other crops. The vines require to be pulled up, and the peanuts picked off like potatoes, and then by partly covering the vines with earth another crop will be produced indefinitely, and if the land should require ploughing to destroy the other vegetation, the vines can be picked and transferred to the ploughed ground at the same time.

The coffee requires rather close-topping after it is two feet high, as the elongation of the lower part of the trunk will even then make the full grown. tree six or seven feet in height, which it ought not to exceed. It always bears when cultivated on the third year, though but a small quantity. There is a large increase in the product every year, and in seven years, I think from my observation of a number of trees of about that age, they will average four pounds per tree. We have not yet seen the tree attain its full growth, but it doubtless requires about fifteen years.

In the West Indies it is said to grow twenty years. The lowest estimate of those in the Colony who have raised, measured and weighed the coffee repeatedly, is five pounds per tree for an average production. This is quite extraordinary, as in the West Indies the average crop is stated by very respectable authority to be, at full bearing, a tierce of a thousand pounds to an acre, on which they plant about seven hundred trees. A coffee tree in Monrovia yielded last year two bushels three and three-fourth pecks of berries, which produced seventeen pounds of cleaned and cured coffee. Such facts as these are fully explained by the appearance of the trees. They will grow, if not topped down, to the heighth of twenty feet, and will cover ten feet square of land, while the extent of the branches in the West Indies, is not much larger than that of a hogshead.

The coffee berries are commonly borne on the branches more compactly than any other fruit which I recollect to have seen. A small branch which I brought to New York bore, within the space of one foot square, one hundred and sixty berries, and was a fair specimen of their general appearance.

The plant is indigenous in Liberia, or has become naturalized, so that it abounds in the forest.

The usual allowance of laborers in the West Indies, is one slave to an acre of coffee. But we have free women, children and natives for its prosecution, to all of which circumstances it is very well adapted.

We have two or three kinds of coffee, one of which, and the best, has leaves as large as a hand, and another as small as that of the apple tree. Yours, &c.,

W. JOHNSON.

COMMANDER W. K. LATIMER'S OPINION OF THE LIRERIA COLONIES.

We are glad to lay before our readers the following extracts of a letter addressed to the Navy Department, by Commander LATIMER, of the United States ship Cyane. The letter bears date May 16th, and contains the result of his observations while spending some months on the coast of Africa. It will be seen that the opinion of this respectable officer and impartial and disinterested witness, is highly creditable to the character and prospects of the Colony. All his statements corroborate the official despatches which we have from time to time received, and published from the Colony, and a confirmation of the statements made by the traders who have visited that part of Africa. They all remark the strength of attachment which the colonists feel for their new homes. There have been frequent instances of the colonists' coming to this country on business, and to see their friends, and efforts have been made to induce theta to remain here; strong inducements have been held out to them, again to locate themselves in this country; but all in vain. The land of their ancestors is too dear to their hearts, and if sacrifices must be made sod trials indured to lay there the foundations of a Republican Government, to establish the institutions of religion, they are willing “to endure unto the end for the sake of the glory that shall follow." These facts ought to be made known to all the free colored people in this land. They must be made to see that Liberia presents to them a home, and an asylum suck us can be found in no other land under the sui

Extract of a letter addressed to the Navy Department by Commander W. K. LATIMER, commanding the U. S. ship Cyane, dored 10 May, 1841.

"The arrival of this ship on the 24th February, at Cape Messurade. town of Monrovia, was hailed by the colonists with great pleasure. I paid a visit with Gov. BUCHANAN, under whose judicious and alto gadance the Colony is directed, to the towns of Caldwell, or the St. Prak, and New Georgia, on the Stockton river. The latter is setded by libera