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connection with this study of method, some of the chief historical attitudes will be presented, and some of the philosophical classics read. Autumn Quarter, 9:30, PROFESSOR TUFTS AND ASSISTANTS.

2. Ethics.-Mj. Summer Quarter, 10:30, PROFESSOR STUART AND FITE. Autumn Quarter, 8:30, PROFESSOR MOORE. Mj. Winter Quarter, Sec. a, 8:30, PROFESSOR TUFTS. Sec. b, 12:00, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES. Mj. Spring Quarter, Sec. a, 9:30, PROFESSOR MEAD.

3. Logic.-Mj. Winter Quarter, 9:30, PROFESSOR MOORE.

COURSES IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

4. History of Greek Philosophy. This course is designed (1) as a survey of the history of thought considered in its relations to the sciences, to literature, and to social and political conditions; and (2) as an introduction to Philosophy through a more careful study of some of the most important systems. Windel band's History of Philosophy, with lectures, and readings from Plato and Aristotle. For the Senior Colleges and Graduate Schools. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 11:00, Professor MEAD.

5. Modern Thought in Relation to Social, Scientific, and Religious Development.-A relatively non-technical and "general-background" course which aims to bring out the reciprocal relations between the loading philosophical points of view and the accompanying economic, political, scientific, and religious development of the period. Mj. Winter Quarter, 11:00, PROFESSOR MOORE.

5A, 5B. History of Modern Philosophy.-Summer Quarter. First Term, Descartes to Berkeley; Second Term, Hume and Kant, 9:00, PROFESSOR MOORE.

6. Relations of Modern Philosophy to Literature.-The course will aim to define significant points of contact between modern philosophic and literary movements, beginning with the eighteenth century. Rationalism, idealism and recent treatment of social problems will be considered. Mj. Spring Quarter, 11:00, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR GORE.

9. History of Ancient Science. The technical skill of the civilizations with which the Greeks came in contact will be presented as the starting-point of their conscious science. Their astronomy, physics, arithmetic, and geometry, their medicine and biology, will be discussed in their genesis and their formulation into a physical theory of the world, and will be interpreted to some extent from the point of view of ancient philosophic doctrine. This course will be followed by course 27 in the Department of Physics, "The History of Physical Science in the Mediaeval and Modern Periods." For Senior College students. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1909-10.]

10. Development of Thought in the Modern Period. The course will trace the growth of thought from the period preceding the French Revolution up to the present time. Five general stages are marked: (1) Locke, Hume, and Adam Smith; (2) Rousseau and Kant; (3) Fichte and Hegel; (4) Bentham, the two Mills, and Comte; (5) Evolutionary period, (a) the Neo-Hegelians, (b) the Pragmatists. It will be the purpose of the course to indicate the interaction of the philosophic doctrines of these periods with the current political and economic theories. This course is intended to articulate with course 20 in Political Economy, History and Method of Political Economy, and students who have the prerequisite knowledge of economics are advised to take the course in economics simultaneously with this course, thus forming a fourhour course in each quarter. It is believed that the study of the problems from the two points of view will give a more adequate treatment than from either in isolation. See also courses 44, 45 in Philosophy, below. 2 hours a week. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, PROFESSORS MEAD AND MOORE. [Not given in 1909-10.]

13. Philosophy of Aristotle.-The course will present Aristotle's Philosophy as a whole. Effort will be made to do justice to the conceptions of the period when the whole of science and learning was brought under philosophy, and the effect of this attitude upon Aristotle's thought will be brought out.

In particular the relation of Aristotle's Logic to the Dialectic that preceded him will be studied, and contrasted with the method of his scientific speculation. Finally the Metaphysics will be considered both as the achievement of Greek thought, and as the appearance of a new philosophic discipline. Mj. Winter Quarter, PROFESSOR MEAD.

XI, 63, 64, 65. Seminar: Plato.-Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, PROFESSOR SHOREY.

16. Cartesianism, with especial reference to the system of Spinoza. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 11:00, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Gore.

17. British Philosophy.-This is designed to follow either course 4 or course 16, and to trace the development of English thought from Bacon, with especial attention to Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Mj. Winter Quarter, 11:00, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES.

18. Introduction to Kant and Post-Kantian Idealism.-Watson's Selections from Kant, with lectures and discussions, upon the main lines of thought developed by Fichte, Hegel, and Schopenhauer. Mj. Spring Quarter, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES.

19. Descartes, Leibnitz, and Newton.-The development of the philosophic thought of this period will be presented in its relation to the discoveries in contemporaneous physical sciences and their mathematical technique. For graduate students. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1909-10.]

20. Development of Scientific Concepts since Newton.-A study of the growth of the theory of atoms, molecules, force, and energy, and of mathematical hypotheses in the construction of the conceptual objects of the physical sciences. The relation of this scientific method to the logic and metaphysics of the period will be brought out in the interpretation of the conceptions. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1909-10.]

22. The Philosophy of Kant.-A critical discussion of Kant's philosophy as a system, and its relation to previous and subsequent thought. The Critique of Pure Reason will be studied with Müller's translation. For graduate students. Summer Quarter, First Term, 10:30, DR. AMES; Second Term, 10:30, PROFESSOR MOORE.

22, 23. The Philosophy of Kant.-A critical discussion of Kant's Philosophy as a system, and its relations to previous and subsequent thought. The Critique of Pure Reason will be studied with Müller's translation and Adickes' text in the Autumn Quarter; the practical philosophy and teleology, in the Winter Quarter. 2Mj. Autumn and Winter Quarters, 1910-11, 8:30, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

26. Herbert Spencer's Philosophy.-An interpretative review of Spencer's characteristic doctrines as contained in his First Principles and parts of his Psychology, with a brief notice also of his ethical and social theory. PROFESSOR MOORE. [Not given in 1909-10.]

X, 14. The Religion and Philosophy of India.—The aim of this course is to give a brief outline of the development of religious and philosophical ideas in India. A few introductory lectures will be given, treating of the country and people, of the general characteristics of Hindu modes of thought, of political history, of the Sanskrit literature, and of the growth of social institutions. The ability to read German readily, though not required, will greatly enhance the value of the work. For graduate students. Mj. Summer Quarter, 9:00, DRS. CLARK AND WAugh.

29. Indian and Chinese Philosophy. The lectures in this course will attempt to present, first, the main positions at which reflective thought arrived among the Indian and Chinese peoples, and, second, as far as possible, what were the conditions which led to these reflective processes. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1909-10.]

Nietzsche and Kindred Phases of Modern Social Speculation.-A course of lectures will be offered in the Spring Quarter by Mr. William M. Salter in

continuation of the course on Schopenhauer and Nietzsche of last year. The main attention will be given to Nietzsche, who will be carefully considered in the successive periods of his intellectual development; but other thinkers more or less related to Nietzsche, such as Stirner, Wagner, Guyau, Ibsen, and Shaw, will also be taken up, i. e., in their fundamental, philosophical, and ethical points of view. Ultimately the aim will be to bring into clearness a certain attitude of the social problem.

Attention of students in the History of Philosophy is also called to the following courses in other departments which deal with the history of thought: Psychology, 30-32, History of Psychology; Political Economy, 20, History of Political Economy, 21, Scope and Methods of Political Economy; Sociology, 72, Introduction to Sociology, 74-76, Reciprocal Influences of the Social Sciences in the Nineteenth Century; Comparative Religion, 6, 11-17, History of the Philosophy of Religion; Semitic Languages, 139, Rabbinical Philosophy, 196, Philosophical Literature of the Arabians; Greek, 63-65, Plato, 66-68, Stoicism and Epicureanism in Ancient Literature and Life; Physics, 25, History of Science (Physical).

COURSES IN LOGIC AND METAPHYSICS

30. The Logic of the Social Sciences. The methods actually in use in the historical and social sciences will be discussed in their relation to the theory of inference. The discussion will follow Wundt's treatment in the second volume of his Logic, certain chapters in Karl Pearson's Grammar of Science, portions of Jevons' Principles of Science, and other collateral material. The aim of the course is to indicate the functions which these peculiar methods play in the process of reasoning, and to give the student a point of view from which he may be able to determine what specific methods are justifiable in these sciences. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1910, PROFESSOR MEAD.

31. The Logic of the Physical and Biological Sciences.-The two problems considered in this course will be the function of mathematics in the determination of the objects of the physical sciences, and the implications of evolution as scientific hypothesis. It will be the aim of the course to indicate the natural relation of these two scientific methods within the whole scientific judgment. Autumn Quarter, 9:30, PROFESSOR MEAD.

32. Philosophy in Relation to Science; Ancient Thought.-The ancient scientific conceptions of the physical universe will be presented in their relation to the philosophic thought of the time. The science of the time of Aristotle will be the basis for discussion, and in particular the interconnection between the scientific methods and results and Aristotle's metaphysics will be studied. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1909-10.]

33. Philosophy in Relation to Science; Modern Thought. The discussion of the parallel development of psychological theory and scientific method in the Middle Ages will be followed by a statement of the intellectual situation out of which Galileo's treatment of dynamics arose. The development of the mathematical theory from Descartes and Leibnitz to Newton will be presented from the point of view of its relation to parallel philosophic development. Finally, the present scientific conception of the physical world will be discussed in its bearing upon current logical and psychological theory. Mj. Spring Quarter, PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1909–10.]

34. Seminar: The Development of Logical Doctrine.-Hobbes to Hegel. A historical study of the conceptions of the function, structure, and criterion of knowledge through the English School and Kant. For graduate students. Autumn Quarter, 1909, 11:00, PROFESSOR MOORE.

35. Seminar: Hegel's Logic.-This course presupposes a fundamental study of Kant, and leads up to the study of modern logical theory. Wallace's translation of Hegel's Logik will be used in the class, and the lectures will follow the text as closely as possible. The aim of the course will be to enable

the student to follow out as sympathetically as possible the structure of Hegel's thought, and to recognize the problems that have appeared with Hegel's conception of Logic, and the limitations of Hegel's method in dealing with them. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1910, 11:00, PROFESSOR Moore.

36. Seminar: Logical Theory.—A critical and constructive study of the logical functions: idea, judgment, and inference in their relation to one another, and to the whole process of experience. The problem of the nature and criterion of truth and error will be central throughout the course. Texts: Lotze, Mill, Bradley, Bosanquet, and Studies in Logical Theory. Mj. Spring Quarter, M., 4:00-6:00, PROFESSOR MOORE.

37, 38. Seminar: Modern Metaphysics.-A discussion of metaphysical conceptions as developed in the current movements of Idealism, Realism, and Pragmatism. The literature of the course will be found largely in the books of Bradley, Royce, Taylor, Dewey, James, Schiller, and in the philosophical periodicals of the last ten years. 2 Mj. Winter and Spring Quarters, 1911, PROFESSOR MOORE.

39. Philosophical Aspects of Evolution.-The course aims (1) to trace the historical development of the conception of evolution, showing the changes it has undergone in the history of science and philosophy, (2) to develop the logic of the conception itself, and (3) to discuss its implications for metaphysics, logic, and ethics. For graduate students. Summer Quarter, First Term, 8:00. PROFESSOR MOORE.

39A. The Philosophy of Consciousness.-A study of the problems suggested by the nature of consciousness and its place in man, nature, and the material universe. The logical, ethical, and metaphysical bearings of the subject will be considered. For graduate students. Summer Quarter, Second Term, 8:00, PROFESSOR FITE.

IA, 35. The Relations of Psychology to Philosophy.—An examination, partly historical and partly logical, of the relations of psychology to the philosophical disciplines. For advanced graduates. Mj. Spring Quarter, 1911, PROFESSOR ANGELL.

COURSES IN ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

40. Evolution of Morality.-A study of the origins of morality in primitive tribal life, including the objective factors of group control, custom, political, family, and religious institutions, and subjectively the development of a standard, and of responsibility. For Senior College and graduate students. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 8:30, PROFESSOR TUfts.

41. Seminar: The Fundamental Ethical Concepts.-A historical and critical study of the leading ethical concepts: Good, Obligation, Nature and Natural Law, Right, Conscience, Self-Denial, Love, Justice, Moral Sense, Sympathy, Utility, Freedom, the Kingdom of Ends, Value, Self-Realization. The course will thus embrace a history of ethical theory, but without rigid adhesion to chronological order where this would prevent a continuous study of a given concept. Mj. PROFESSOR TUFTS. [Not given in 1909-10.]

43. History of Political Ethics.-This course will embrace the topics included historically under the Philosophy of the State and the Philosophy of Law, together with a study of the ethical conceptions which have grown out of social and political organization. The political theories of Plato and Aristotle, the Roman and Renaissance conceptions of law of nature, the eighteenth-century conception of natural rights, the ethical concepts of justice and rights, and the recent opposing socialistic and individualistic theories will be considered. Mj. Spring Quarter, 8:30, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

44, 45. The Psychological and Social Problems of Ethics.-The first part of the course will consider the psychology of value and good as related to impulse, feeling, and will; of standards and control; of right and duty; of

choice, freedom, and the organization of character. The point of view will be largely that of social and genetic psychology. In the Social Ethics, the ethical problems involved in the economic process will receive especial attention. The significance of the principles of individualism and socialism will be examined. This course is intended to articulate with course 40, Value and Distribution, and 44, Socialism, in the Department of Political Economy, and students who have the prerequisite knowledge of economics are advised to take one of the two courses in Economics simultaneously with this course, thus forming a four-hour course in each quarter. It is believed that the study of the problems from the two points of view will give a more adequate treatment than from either in isolation. 2 hours a week. 11⁄2 Mjs. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, PROFESSOR TUFTS. [Not given in 1909-10.]

48. Social and Political Philosophy.-Typical problems of social organization and progress will be considered with especial reference to the standpoints of individualism and socialism. The conceptions of freedom, justice, rights, and democracy will be studied with reference to present economic, industrial and legal conditions. For graduate students. M. Summer Quarter, Second Term, 11:30, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

49. Types of Ethical Theory.-The ancient and modern theories selected for study will be considered as reflecting certain practical social ideals, and hence in their attitude toward (1) the order of external nature, (2) political, Social, and religious authority. Their conceptions of this order and authority, and the function they assign to sympathy, and self-regarding impulse, will be examined. For graduate students. Open to Seniors who have had course 2. M. Summer Quarter, First Term, 11: 30, PROFESSOR STUART.

50. Seminar: Ethics of Various Social Groups. The ethical standards of the professions, of business, and of trades-unionists will be studied. Spring Quarter, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

51. Seminar: Moral Education.-A general consideration of the processes and agencies of moral development in the race and the individual, with special investigation of existing or proposed agencies of the school, such as corporate life, methods of study and discipline, subject-matter of the curriculum, specific moral instruction. Mj. Winter Quarter, M., 4:00-6:00, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

IA. Social Psychology.—Mj. Winter Quarter, 11:00, PROfessor Mead. IA, 19. Psychology of Religion.-Mj. Summer and Spring Quarters, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES.

VI, 53. The Family.—A genetic and ethical treatment primarily for graduate students. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 11:00, PROFESSOR HENDERSON.

VI, 96. The Ethics of Sociology.—An exhibit of the meaning of sociological analysis for positive ethics. Mj. Spring Quarter, 9:30, PROFESSOR SMALL.

Attention of students in Ethics and Social Philosophy is also invited to the following courses in other departments which deal with the laws of social conditions: Political Economy, 40-48, Labor and Capital; Sociology, 55A, 56, Industrials, 57-65, Social Amelioration, 74-76, Reciprocal Influence of the Social Sciences, 95, Conflict of Classes, 96, Ethics of Sociology.

COURSES IN AESTHETICS

7. Aesthetics.-An introduction to the history and theory of Aesthetics. The two aspects of the aesthetic field, viz., appreciation, or criticism, and artistic production will be analyzed, and their leading categories studied with reference both to their psychological origin, and to their historic relations in the development of art. For the Senior Colleges. Prerequisite: Introductory Psychology. Mj. Spring Quarter, 1910, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

7A. Aesthetics.-Topics_selected from the preceding course. M. Summer Quarter, Second Term, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

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