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57. Economic History of England. A general survey of the economic features in the development of England, and an exposition of the effects of England's economic development upon economic theory and upon the industrial growth of other countries. Mj. Spring Quarter, 12:00, Mr. DowNEY.

58. Accounting.-The interpretation of accounts viewed with regard to the needs of the business manager rather than those of the accountant: the formation and meaning of the balance sheet; the profit and loss statement and its relation to the balance sheet; the capital accounts, surplus, reserve, sinking funds; reserve funds, their use and misuse; depreciation accounts; other accounts appearing on credit side; assets; methods of valuation; confusing of assets and expenses; capital expenditures and operating expenses; capital assets, cash, and other reserves. Prerequisite: a thorough knowledge of Bookkeeping. Mj. Winter Quarter, 2:00, MR. ARNETT.

59. Special Problems in Accounting.— (a) Bank accounting. (b) Auditing: the duties of an auditor; methods of procedure; practice; problems frequently met. (c) Appraisal and Depreciation. (d) Railway Accounting: a consideration of the principal features; determination of the four main divisions of expense; the relation between capital expenditures and profit and loss. (e) The Public Accountant: legal regulations; duties and methods; constructive work in devising a system of accounting to fit special needs; practice in comparison of various systems; the advantages of various devices, loose leaf and card systems; voucher system; cost keeping. Conducted by experts from Chicago institutions. [Not given in 1909–10.]

GROUP VII. THE SEMINARS

60, 61, 62. Economic Seminar.-3Mj. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, PROFESSOR LAUGHLIN,

III. THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

HARRY PRATT JUDSON, A.M., LL.D., Professor of Comparative Politics and
Diplomacy, and Head of the Department of Political Science.
ERNST FREUND, J.U.D., PH.D., Professor of Jurisprudence and Public Law.
CHARLES EDWARD MERRIAM, PH.D., Associate Professor of Political Science.
FREDERICK DENNISON BRAMHALL, PH.B., Instructor in Political Science.

MILTON EARLY LOOMIS, A.B.

VICTOR J. WEST, PH.B.

FELLOWS, 1908-9

INTRODUCTORY

Political Science, as treated in the University of Chicago, relates to the organization and working of the state. It covers the philosophy of the state, the structure and working of government, international law and diplomacy, and certain fundamental branches of municipal law.

The courses are planned with two purposes: (1) to give such knowledge and training as it is believed should be a part of liberal education; and (2) to afford advanced work either for students of Law, or for those who need a knowledge of Political Science for other ends, whether for teaching, for journalism, or for the intelligence with regard to public affairs which should belong to an educated citizen.

For advanced work, students will be expected (1) to have had the introductory course, or its equivalent; (2) to have a reading knowledge of French, German, and Latin; and (3) to be familiar with the outlines of general history and with the details of modern political history. English and American constitutional history, and the fundamental courses in the Departments of Political Economy and Sociology, are especially recommended.

The Political Science Club meets bi-weekly for the discussion of special topics.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

1. Civil Government in the United States.-This course is devoted to an analysis of the structure and workings of government in the United States, local, state, and national. For the Junior Colleges. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 9:30 and 12:00; Winter Quarter, 12:00; Spring Quarter, 9:30. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM AND MR. BRAMHALL.

2. Federal Administration.-A study of the organization and activities of the federal administration. The historical development of the executive branch of the federal government, and the fundamental legal and political principles governing the system are considered. For Senior and Junior College students. Mj. Winter Quarter, 8:30, MR. BRAMHALL.

3. Comparative Government.-An introductory study of the principal political forms and methods of other countries. For Senior and Junior College students. Prerequisite: course 1, or its equivalent. Mj. Spring Quar11:00, MR. Bramhall.

9. American Government, I: Constitutions, the Electorate, and the Legislature.—The course will cover the making and amendment of constitutions; suffrage; machinery of elections; direct legislation; legislative apportionment and organization. Mj. For the Graduate Schools and the Senior Colleges. Autumn Quarter, 11:00, MR. BRAMHALL.

10. American Government, II: Public Administration. A study of the organization and activities of state and federal administration. The historical development of the administration, and the fundamental legal and political principles governing it are considered. Mj. For the Graduate Schools and the Senior Colleges. Winter Quarter, 11:00, MR. BRAMHALL.

11. Comparative Politics, I: Comparative National Government.-A comparative study of the constitutions and constitutional law of leading nations, as France, Germany, Switzerland, Great Britain, and the United States. Prerequisite: course 1, or its equivalent. For the Graduate Schools and the Senior Colleges. Mj. Winter Quarter, 9:30, PROFESSOR Judson.

12. Comparative Politics, II: Federal Government.-The principal federations of recent times are studied-the United States, Germany, Switzerland, Canada, Australia, the Confederate States. For the Graduate Schools; open to Seniors with two majors' credit in Political Science. PROFESSOR JUDSON. [Not given in 1909-10.]

14. Comparative Politics, III: Municipal Government.-A comparative study of the modern municipality, American and European, in its political aspects. Municipal home rule; popular participation in city government; the municipal legislature; the executive; administration of public health and safety, charities and corrections, schools, public works, and finances. For the Senior Colleges. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 8:30, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM.

15. Comparative Politics, IV: Local Government.-A comparative study of the various types of local government (other than urban) in the United States. The topics discussed are the historical development of these forms of government; their methods of organization; their practical activities; the system of central control. [Not given in 1909-10.]

16. Comparative Politics, V: The Government of Colonies.-A study of the political development of the European colonial system in the nineteenth century. European control in the far east, in Africa, and in Oceania. For the Graduate Schools; open to Seniors with two majors' credit in Political Science. MR. BRAMHALL. [Not given in 1909-10.]

17. The Government of Great Britain.-A somewhat detailed study, historical and descriptive, of the British system. For the Graduate Schools; open to Seniors with two majors' credit in Political Science. PROFESSOR JUDSON. [Not given in 1909-10.]

18. Recent Russian Politics.-A study of the political organization of the monarchy in the light of late developments. MR. S. N. HARPER. [Not given in 1909-10.]

19. The Government of Chicago and Illinois. A detailed study of the structure and workings of the government of Chicago, Cook County, and the state of Illinois. For the Senior Colleges. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM. [Not given in 1909-10.]

21. Municipal Problems. A detailed study of special problems in municipal organization and administration. In 1910, municipal home rule, public utilities and finance will be considered. For the Graduate Schools. Open to Seniors with 27 majors' credit. Mj. Spring Quarter, 9:30, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM.

22. Political Parties.-A study of the organization and methods of action of modern political parties in the United States. Growth of the party system; primary and convention systems; permanent party organization; elements of cohesion in parties; reform movements and measures; theory of the party system. For the Graduate Schools; open to Seniors. Mj. Summer Quarter, 9:00; Spring Quarter, 8:30; ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM.

25. History of Political Theory. This course traces the development of political theories down to the present time. The Classical period; the Mediaeval period; the Renaissance and the Reformation; the Revolutionary era; the period of reaction; the Austinian school; recent tendencies. For the Graduate Schools; open to Seniors. AssoCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM. [Not given in 1909-10.]

26. Principles of Political Science. This course presents a systematic study of the principles of political science. Scope and method of political theory; the nature of the state; the origin and basis of the state; sovereignty; the forms of the state; functions of the state. For the Graduate Schools; open to Seniors. Summer Quarter, 8:00, AsSOCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM.

Courses 25 and 26 are given in alternate years.

27. American Political Theories.-This course covers the development of American political ideas. The Colonial period; the Revolution; Jeffersonian Democracy; Jacksonian Democracy; the Slavery controversy; the nature of the Union; recent tendencies. For the Graduate Schools; open to the Senior Colleges. AsSOCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM. [Not given in 1909-10.]

31. Constitutional Law, I.-Separation of powers and independence of the judiciary; limitations of legislative power: equality, liberty, property; police power; eminent domain. For the Graduate Schools. Thayer, Cases on Constitutional Law, Vol. I. Mj. Spring Quarter, 2:00, PROFESSOR FREUND.

32. Constitutional Law, II.-Federal jurisdiction and express powers; implied powers; citizenship; privileges and immunities of citizens; suffrage, effect of later amendments; taxation; ex post facto and retroactive laws; laws impairing obligations of contracts; regulation of commerce; money; war. For the Graduate Schools. Thayer, Cases on Constitutional Law, Vols. I (part) and II. [Course 31 is not a prerequisite.] 11⁄2Mj. Winter Quarter (two hours), and Spring Quarter, PROFESSOR HALL.

33. Municipal Corporations.-General nature; corporate capacity; selfgovernment; creation, annexation, division, dissolution, succession; mode of action, ratification and curative acts; estoppel by recitals; municipal police power; local improvements and services, including special assessments; municipal property, especially public streets; municipal contracts; expenditures and donations; indebtedness; liability. For the Graduate Schools. Smith, Cases on Municipal Corporations, and selected cases. PROFESSOR FREUND. [Not given in 1909-10.]

34. Administrative Law and Officers.-(1) Administrative action; exercise of official powers; discretion; orders; enforcement; evidence. (2) Judicial control; actions against officers, municipal corporations, and the state; extra. ordinary legal remedies; scope of judicial control. For the Graduate Schools. Mj. Summer Quarter, 1:30; Mj. Winter Quarter, 2:00; PROFESSOR Freund. 35. Statutes. Sources of written law: constitutions, statutes, ordinances; delegation of legislative power; special and local legislation; operation, construction and repeal; constitutional provisions as to enactment and form; power to declare laws unconstitutional. For graduate students and Seniors with 27 majors' credit. PROFESSOR FREUND. [Not given in 1908-10.]

36. Elements of Law.-Outline of legal relations: history of sources of law; elementary problems and principles. For senior and graduate students. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 3:00; PROFESSOR FREUND.

37. Torts.-Trespass to person, and to property; excuses for trespass; conversion; legal cause; negligence; contributory and imputed negligence; plaintiff's illegal conduct as a defense; duties of land owners; hazardous occupations; liability for animals; deceit; defamation: slander, libel, privilege, malice; malicious prosecution; interference with social and business relations: inducing breaches of duty, fair and unfair competition, strikes, boycotts, business combinations. Open to Seniors with 27 majors' credit. An extra fee of $5 per major is charged for this course. Ames and Smith, Cases on Torts, Vols. I and II, with supplement. Autumn Quarter; Winter Quarter; First Term and Second Term (2 hours), PROFESSOR HALL (Law School).

38. Contracts.-Mutual assent and its communication; offers and their expiration or revocation; consideration; requisites of contracts under seal; rights of beneficiaries and assignees; joint and several contracts. Open to Seniors with 27 majors' credit. An extra fee of $5 is charged for this course.1 Williston, Cases on Contracts, Vol. I. Mj. Autumn Quarter, PROFESSOR WHITTIER (Law School).

41. The Elements of International Law.-For the Graduate Schools and the Senior Colleges. Not open to Juniors. Prerequisite: course 1, or its equivalent. Winter Quarter, 9:30, PROFESSOR JUDSON.

43. Recent Diplomatic History of Europe. The principal European treaties of the last century are examined, with an especial view to ascertaining the main principles of existing international agreements. Especial attention is given to treaties involving colonial relations. For the Graduate Schools and the Senior Colleges. PROFESSOR JUDSON. [Not given in 1909-10.]

44. Diplomatic History of the United States.-The treaty relations of the United States are studied in detail, including an analysis of documents and an examination of methods. For the Graduate Schools and the Senior Colleges. MR. BRAMHALL. [Not given in 1910,]

THE SEMINARS

51, 52. Seminar in Political Science.-These courses are intended for advanced students whose principal work is Political Science, and who are prosecuting research in special topics. For the Graduate Schools. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, Tu., 4:00-6:00. PROFESSOR JUDSON, PRO

FESSOR FREUND, AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MERRIAM,

1 Examinations will be held at the end of the whole course in the Winter Quarter.

IV. THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

ANDREW CUNNINGHAM MCLAUGHLIN, LL.B., A.M., Professor and Head of the
Department of History; Head of the Department of Church History.
BENJAMIN TERRY, PH.D., LL.D., Professor of Mediaeval and English History.
FERDINAND SCHEVILL, PH.D,, Professor of Modern History.
WILLIAM EDWARD DODD, PH.D., Professor of American History.

FRANCIS WAYLAND SHEPARDSON, PH.D., Associate Professor of American
History.

JAMES WESTFALL THOMPSON, PH.D., Associate Professor of European History.
JOSEPH PARKER WARREN, PH.D., Assistant Professor of History.
EARL EVELYN SPERRY, PH.D., Assistant Professor of History.
†EDWARD BENJAMIN KREHBIEL, PH.D., Instructor in History.
CURTIS HOWE WALKER, PH.D., Instructor in History.

MARCUS WILSon Jernegan, PH.D., Instructor in History.
DICE ROBINS ANDERSON, A.B., Instructor in History.
Edward AndREW HARVEY, PH.D., Associate in History.
FRANCES ADA KNOX, A.B., Assistant in History.

JAMES HENRY BREASTED, PH.D., Professor of Egyptology and Oriental History. JAMES RICHARD JEWETT, PH.D., Professor of the Arabic Language and Literature.

ROBERT JOHN BONNER, PH.D., Assistant Professor of Greek.

JAMES THOMSON SHOTWELL, PH.D., Professor of History, Columbia University (Summer Quarter, 1909).

FREDERICK LOGAN PAXSON, PH.D., Professor of History, University of Michigan (Summer Quarter), 1909.

FELLOWS, 1909-10

EARL FRANCIS COLBURN, A.M.
CHARLES OSCAR HARDY, A.B.
HARRY ALBERT MCGILL, A.B.
THEODORE CALVIN PEASE, PH.В.
JAMES GARFIELD RANDALL, A.M.

INTRODUCTORY

The undergraduate courses offered by the Department of History have been so arranged as to meet the needs, not only of those intending to do advanced work in the Department of History, but also of the general college student, and of those intending to specialize in other departments of the University.

Two outline courses in general history are provided for students of the Junior Colleges, one an outline of the Mediaeval period of European History, and the other an outline of the Modern period. A third course, an outline of the History of the United States since 1765, with courses 1 and 2, will provide

† Resigned.

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