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Two Lectureships on the "Relations of Christianity to Other Religions," established by the late Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell, are under the direction of this Department. The Haskell Lectures are delivered at the University yearly. The Barrows Lectures are delivered every three years in cities of India.

University Fellowships, yielding incomes of from $520 to $320, are open to students in Comparative Religion on equal terms with students in other departments and are assigned yearly in accordance with the University regulations governing Fellowships.

The rooms of the Department are in the Haskell Oriental Museum, where the collections of illustrative materials for the study of religions are gathered and arranged for the use of students. The Buckley collection of religious objects of Shinto and Japanese Buddhism, unequaled in America, affords a valuable body of material for the study of Ethnic Religion. Maps, photographs, casts, and a carefully selected library of the standard works, constantly enlarged by the addition of the newest books in the field, are at the disposal of students. The libraries and collections of the Departments of Semitic Languages, including Egyptology, Assyriology, etc., of Biblical Studies, of Church History and of Theology, contained in the same building, greatly enlarge the working facilities of the Department.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION1

1. An Outline History of Religion.-Mj. Summer Quarter, 1909; Spring Quarter, 1910, 1:30, PROFESSOR FOSTER.

2. Religions of Primitive Peoples. [Not given in 1909-10.]

3. Religions of the Semites.-Babylonia, Egypt, Syria, and Palestine, Phoenicia, Islam. [Not given in 1909-10.]

4. Religions of the Indo-European Peoples.-India, Persia, Greece, and Rome, Kelts and Teutons. The course will be limited this term to a study of Buddhism. [Not given in 1909-10.]

5. Introduction to Comparative Religion. [Not given in 1909-10.]

6. History of the Philosophy of Religion.-Mj. PROFESSOR FOSTER. 8. The Philosophy of Religion.-Höffding used as text. Summer Quarter, 1909, PROFESSOR FOSTER.

9. Fundamental Problems of the History of Religion.-(Haskell Lectures.) No credit is given for this course.

10. Comparative Theology.-Research. [Not given in 1909-10.]

11. History of Religious Thought from the Reformation to Kant.-Seminar. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1909, PROFESSOR Foster.

12. Kant's Theory of Religion.-Seminar. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1910, PROFESSOR FOSTER.

13. Philosophy of Religion from Kant to Hegel.-Mj. Spring Quarter, 1909, PROFESSOR FOSTER.

14. Hegel's Philosophy of Religion.-Mj. PROFESSOR FOSTER. 15. Schleiermacher's "Glaubenslehre."-Mj. PROFESSOR FOSTER. 16. Religious Thought from Schleiermacher and Hegel to Ritschl.PROFESSOR FOSTER.

17. Albrecht Ritschl and His School.-Mj. PROFESSOR Foster.

1 Courses in this Department are primarily for graduate students, and are open to undergraduates only after consultation with the instructor.

18. English Philosophy of Religion.-Mj. PROFESSOR FOSTER.

19. Philosophy of Religion, I.-The Knowledge Problem. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1910, PROFESSOR FOSTER.

20. Philosophy of Religion, II.-The Worth Problem. Mj. Spring Quarter, 1910, PROFESSOR FOSTER.

21. The Essence of the Christian Religion.-Mj. Winter Quarter, 1909, PROFESSOR FOSTER.

22. Relation between Religion and Morality.-Mj. PROFESSOR FOSTER. 23. Some Problems in the Philosophy of Religion.-M. PROFESSOR FOSTER.

COURSES IN RELATED DEPARTMENTS

The following courses in other departments deal with subjects closely related with the work in the Department of Comparative Religion, and under certain restrictions will be accepted as work done in the Department itself: I, 45. The Evolution of Morality.-PROFESSOR TUFTS.

IA, 22. Psychology of Religion.-ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES.

VI, 27. Development of Mind in the Race.-ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR THOMAS.

VI, 30. Primitive Social Control.-AssoCIATE PROFESSOR THOMAS.
VIII, 120. Rabbinical Literature and Life.-PROFESSOR HIRSCH.

VIII, 164. Assyrian Syllabaries and Mythological Inscriptions.—PROFESSOR HARPER.

VIII, 166. Babylonian Psalms, Prayers, and Addresses.-PROFESSOR HARPER.

VIII, 168. Religious Texts.—PROFESSOR HARPER.

VIII, 190. Arabic Treatises on Mohammedan Eschatology.-PROFESSOR JEWETT.

VIII, 200. Life of Mohammed.-PROFESSOR JEWETT.

VIII, 202. The Qurân in English.- PROFessor Jewett.

VIII, 204. The Spread of Islam.-PROFESSOR JEWETT.

VIII, 218. Pyramid Texts.-PROFESSOR BREASTED.

X, 13. Readings in the Upanishads.-DR. MEYER.

X, 26. Vedic Seminar.-DR. MEYER.

XI, 42. Introduction to Greek Mythology.-ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OWEN. XI, 63. Greek Philosophical Literature.-PROFESSOR SHOREY.

XII, 53. Roman Religion.-ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR LAING.

IX, 69. Doctrine of Atonement in the New Testament,-PROFESSOR BURTON.

XLIV, 22. Theological Significance of Leading Movements of Thought in the Nineteenth Century.-ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR G. B. SMITH.

VIII. THE DEPARTMENT OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES
AND LITERATURES

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

ROBERT FRANCIS HARPER, PH.D., Professor of the Semitic Languages and Literatures.

EMIL GUSTAV HIRSCH, A.M., D.D., LL.D., LIT.D., Professor of Rabbinical Literature and Philosophy.

IRA MAURICE PRICE, PH.D., LL.D., Professor of the Old Testament Language and Literature.

JAMES RICHARD JEWETT, PH.D., Professor of the Arabic Language and Literature.

JAMES HENRY BREASTED, PH.D., Professor of Egyptology and Oriental History; Director of Haskell Oriental Museum.

HERBERT LOCKWOOD WILLETT, PH.D., Associate Professor of the Old Testament Language and Literature.

JOHN MERLIN POWIS SMITH, PH.D., Assistant Professor of the Old Testament Language and Literature.

Daniel David LUCKENBILL, PH.D., Instructor in the Semitic Languages and Literatures.

ROWLAND HECTOR MODE, PH.D., Docent in the Semitic Languages and Literatures.

GEORGE ADAM SMITH, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Old Testament Language, Literature, and Theology, the United Free Church College, Glasgow (Summer Quarter, 1909).

FELLOWS, 1909-10

CHARLES WALLACE COLLINS, S.B., A.M.
IVAN LEE HOLT, A.B.

INTRODUCTORY

HEBREW LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

It is believed that with close application the student may gain a practical knowledge of the Hebrew language within a comparatively short time. The courses in beginning Hebrew and in Hebrew History are arranged not only for students in the Divinity School who desire to lay a foundation for critical and exegetical work in the Old Testament, but likewise for those who are contemplating a more extended study of the Semitic languages. The first course covers the Elements of the Hebrew Grammar and secures a vocabulary of three to four hundred words. In the second and third courses, besides a large amount of reading, in connection with which the vocabulary of the student is increased, the principles of Hebrew Syntax are studied. After these courses the student is permitted to select any of the courses offered in the Department in which a knowledge of Hebrew is required.

The more advanced courses cover the principal portions of the Old Testament considered from every point of view. In this work two things are kept in mind:

1. The securing of an acquaintance with all the more important problems of Old Testament language, literature, and thought.

2. A scientific method of work which will enable the student to carry on for himself original investigation.

GENERAL HISTORY AND PHILOLOGY

The purpose of these courses is to familiarize the student with the history, civilization, and languages of the Hither-Orient, not only in their successive epochs but also in their connection with the earliest civilization of the

eastern Mediterranean. The history of Israel in particular is related to all the other civilizations of the Orient with which it came into contact, furnishing the historical background without which the full significance of Hebrew history cannot be discerned. At the same time the contributions of all the civilizations of the Hither-Orient, including Persia and the Hittites, to the later history of the world are defined and studied.

RABBINICAL LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

In the Rabbinical Section the courses are intended to meet the requirements of (1) students in Semitic Philology; (2) students in New Testament Literature, Comparative Religion, History, and Philosophy; and (3) students intending to prepare for the Jewish ministry. It is believed that in connection with the courses in the Departments of Semitic Languages and Literatures, History, and Philosophy in this University, those in Rabbinical literature will enable candidates for the Jewish ministry to equip themselves most thoroughly for their vocation.

ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

It is the purpose of this section to study the Assyro-Babylonian language and literature from the standpoint of the grammar and lexicon, with special reference also to comparative Semitic lexicography, geography, and institutions; and also as one of the most important helps, lexicographically, historically, and geographically, to scientific work in any of the other Semitic languages or literatures.

ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

The courses offered in Arabic are intended to cover quite minutely the grammar and syntax of the language, whether the work is done primarily for the help afforded the student of Hebrew or Assyrian, or for a more detailed study of Arabic grammar for its own sake. Special attention is given to the Quran, and provision is also made for courses of an extended character in Arabic commentary, history, geography, and inscriptions. While the majority of students doubtless study Arabic for the light which it throws upon Hebrew grammar, it is believed that the field of Arabic literature is one which is more and more deserving of the attention of American students. Particular attention is given to the comparative aspects of Arabic grammar, both etymology and syntax.

EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND ARCHAEOLOGY

These courses, while arranged to give the student a full knowledge of Egyptian language and literature, are designed also to present the civilization of Egypt as a whole; especially with the idea of showing how Egypt, as the earliest great power on the Mediterranean, reveals the relations of early Mediterranean civilization (like that of Crete) to Palestine, Syria, the Hittites, and the Hither-Orient. The original materials accessible to the student here are unusually plentiful. They comprise: (1) the Egyptian collection of the Art Institute; (2) the collection of the Field Columbian Museum; (3) the collections in Haskell Museum.

ARRANGEMENT OF WORK

Some familiarity with the contents of the Old Testament is an essential part of a liberal education. Hence the department seeks to provide work

adapted to the needs of the general student of literature and history. Certain courses, therefore, e. g., 75 and 76, are organized especially for the non-theological student.

The work of the student of Semitic or Old Testament ordinarily will be arranged according to one of five plans:

I. The preliminary work includes courses in the Hebrew language aggregating four majors. These courses viz., (a) 1; (b) 2, or 4; (c) 22, or 24, or 36, or 38; (1) constitute the work in Hebrew prescribed for those students in the Graduate Divinity School who desire to secure a knowledge of the language, and (2) serve as the basis for more advanced work in the Semitic Languages and Literatures, or in the Old Testament Literature and Theology. Students who have already performed this work before entering the University of Chicago will receive credit for the same upon examination.

II. Candidates for the D.B. degree, with Old Testament as their major subject, are recommended to select from one of the following lists of courses: (a) 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 113, 114, 227, 38, 40, 48, 56, 57, 87; (b) 1, 2, 4, 5, 9 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 26, 30, 44; (c) 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 22, 23, 24, 26, 30. Courses 80, 81, or 82, 81 or 85 are required of all candidates for the degree of D.B. and for all Ph.D. degrees recommended by the Divinity School.

III. Old Testament Literature and Theology, when presented as a secondary subject for a Doctor's degree will be understood to include, in addition to the preliminary courses, work amounting to six majors, which shall be systematically arranged, and be approved by the Head of the Department. The student is recommended to select either (1) three historical courses (viz., 113, 114, 115), with three courses in exegesis selected from the courses offered, or (2) work made up from courses 38, 42, 48, 50, 54, 80-82, 84, 85; or (3) work in Rabbinical literature and theology, selected from courses 120-139.

IV. When a secondary subject is offered in Semitic Languages and Literatures, the student may select either Aramaic, Arabic, Assyrian, or Egyptian, in an amount equal to at least nine majors.

V. Old Testament Literature and Theology, when presented as a principal subject, will be understood to include (1) a thorough knowledge of the Hebrew language, including syntax and lexicography, and a good acquaintance with biblical Aramaic and Syriac; (2) an ability to read any part of Hebrew literature; (3) a knowledge of Hebrew history in all its periods, and of ancient history, especially Egyptian, Assyro-Babylonian, Persian, and Greek in its bearing upon the Old Testament; (4) an acquaintance with the chronological development of Old Testament literature in its various forms of legislation, prophecy, and wisdom; also a knowledge of the origin and growth of the canon, of the text, and of the principles of Old Testament interpretation; (5) a familiarity with the history of the Hebrew religion and the development of the theological ideas of the Hebrews; (6) some familiarity with the Rabbinical literature and a general acquaintance with New Testament literature with special reference to the use made of the Old Testament in the New Testament.

VI. When the student selects for his principal subject the Semitic languages, he will be expected to have gained a working knowledge of Aramaic, Assyrian, and Arabic, in addition to Hebrew. He will be permitted to lay

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