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in the Fourth Gospel, and (c) of the evangelist. A Seminar. Prerequisite: the required courses, and 28. Mj. Spring Quarter, 1910, PROFESSOR BURTON.

63. The Teaching of Jesus.-Characteristics of the records of the teaching, arrangement of the material under specific topics with reference to their organic relation, and an interpretative study of the teaching. Open to members of the Graduate Schools and of the Senior Colleges. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1909, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR VOTAW; Autumn Quarter, 1909, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR CASE.

63A, B, C. The Teaching of Jesus.-1⁄44 or 1⁄2 Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1909; Winter and Spring Quarters, 1910, PROFESSOR MATHEWS.

63D. The Teaching of Jesus concerning Himself.-A study of the selfconsciousness of Jesus as reflected in the Synoptics and the Fourth Gospel, with a consideration of modern interpretations. Prerequisite: the required courses (also courses 19 and 63 advised). Mj. Summer Quarter, 1909, AssoCIATE PROFESSOR VOTAW.

64. The Theology of the Pre-Pauline Church.-Sources of information regarding the earliest Christians (30-55 A.D.), their relation to Jesus and to Judaism, their interpretation of Jesus' person and work, their social and ethical ideas, and their contribution to the beginnings of Christian theology. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1909, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR CASE.

66. The Theology of the Second Group of the Epistles of Paul.-An inductive study of the teachings of the Apostle in his letters to the Galatians, Corinthians, and Romans. A seminar. Prerequisite: the required courses, and 31, 32, 33, or 36. Mj. PROFESSOR BURTON.

68. The Ethical Teaching of the New Testament. The principles and precepts of the ideal life as taught and practiced by Jesus and by Paul, with a consideration of their contribution to present-day ethics. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1910, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR VOTAW.

69. The Doctrine of Atonement in the New Testament.-The doctrine of the basis of forgiveness and justification in the several writers and groups of books in the New Testament. Mj. PROFESSOR Burton.

70. The Eschatology of the New Testament.-Jewish ideas of the Kingdom of God, the Messiah, the Resurrection, and the Day of Judgment; the teaching of Jesus, Peter, Paul, and John upon these themes, and concerning the second coming of Christ; relation between the Jewish and Christian eschatology. A seminar. Prerequisite: the required courses, and either 60 or 63. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1909, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Votaw.

71. The Christology of the New Testament.-A study of the rise and development of primitive-Christian_Christology, as reflected in the New Testament writings. A seminar. Prerequisite: the required courses, an exegetical course, and a biblical-theological course. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1910, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Votaw.

72. Lexicographical Seminar.-For the historical study of important New Testament words. Prerequisite: one or more exegetical courses in the New Testament. Mj. PROFESSOR BURTON.

73. New Testament Psychology.—An inductive study of Hebrew and first-century Jewish terms and ideas concerning the constitution and the operation of the human mind, in comparison with modern psychology, and a consideration of the psychological problems involved in the interpretation of New Testament thought to twentieth-century men. A seminar. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1910, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Votaw.

75. Research Work.-Investigation in the field of lexicography, history, exegesis, and biblical theology. Every quarter. PROFESSOR BURTON.

X. THE DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT AND INDO-
EUROPEAN COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

CARL DARLING BUCK, PH.D., Professor and Head of the Department of Sanskrit and Indo-European Comparative Philology.

WALTER EUGENE CLARK, PH.D., Instructor in Sanskrit and Indo-European Comparative Philology.

EDGAR ALLEN MENK, A.B.

FELLOW, 1909-10

INTRODUCTORY

The aim of the Department will be:

1. To furnish the requisite training for those intending to make IndoEuropean Philology their chief work. Instruction will be given in the most important branches of the family by means of courses which combine a practical introduction to the respective languages with lectures and exercises on their comparative grammar. Such courses are offered by this Department in Sanskrit, Avestan, Old Persian, Lithuanian, and Old Bulgarian, and by the English and German Departments in Old English, Gothic, and Old High German. In Greek and Latin, of which a practical knowledge is presupposed, the work will be entirely grammatical, consisting of lectures and exercises on the comparative grammar of Greek and Latin, and the Greek and Italic dialects. For work in the comparative syntax of Greek and Latin the programme of the Latin Department is to be consulted.

2. To provide for a systematic course of study in Indic Philology. The courses offered are designed to provide for the needs alike of students who turn to Sanskrit for the better understanding of Indo-European language and civilization and of those who are interested especially in the contributions of India to religious and philosophical thought. Provision is made for a consecutive course of study extending over three years.

3. To act as an auxiliary to the Greek and Latin Departments by furnishing instruction in the comparative grammar of the classical languages and in the Greek and Italic dialects. Courses 1 and 2 will also be adapted to students in the Germanic and English Departments who are engaged chiefly in linguistic work.

4. To provide a brief introductory course, such as will be of value to the general student.

The work of the Summer Quarter is intended to meet the wants of teachers of Greek and Latin who desire an insight into the methods of comparative grammar and an elementary knowledge of Sanskrit.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

Courses 1-7, 10-13, 21-24, and 30-32 are Senior College and graduate courses; courses 21-24 are also open to students of the Junior Colleges upon consultation with the instructor. All others are graduate only.

1. General Introduction to the Study of Language.-Brief history of the science. General principles of linguistic development; nature of changes in form and meaning; uniformity of the phonetic processes; analogy; relation

of spelling to speech; language and dialect; rise of a standard language; language mixture. The grouping of the Indo-European languages the ethnological relations and earliest history of each branch; its most important linguistic remains; the leading works of reference in each field. Rapid survey of other families of languages. No textbook is used, but a considerable range of reading is assigned in connection with the lectures. M. First Term, Summer Quarter, 10:30, PROFESSOR BUCK.

2. Outlines of the Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (Sounds and Inflections).-This course, which is intended primarily for classical students, though also adapted to the needs of students of Germanic or Romance Philology, is meant to be eminently practical, emphasizing those relations which can be understood from a study of the Greek and Latin languages themselves, and the facts which are most helpful to an understanding of the historical development in each language. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 12:00, PROFESSOR BUCK.

3. Exercises in Greek and Latin Historical Grammar Based on the Study of Selected Inscriptions.-The time is equally divided between Greek and Latin, and either half may be taken separately as a minor. Winter Quarter, 12:00, PROFESSOR BUCK.

4. Historical Latin Grammar.-Lectures and exercises upon the history of Latin sounds and inflections. PROFESSOR BUCK. [Not given in 1909-10.] 6. Italic Dialects.-Buck's Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian will be used. M. First Term, Summer Quarter, 11:30; Spring Quarter, 12:00, PROFESSOR BUCK.

7. Greek Dialects.-Buck's Introduction to the Study of the Greek Dialects will be used. PROFESSOR BUCK. [Not given in 1909-10.]

10. Sanskrit.-(Elementary course.) Whitney's Sanskrit Grammar and Lanman's Sanskrit Reader are used. The reading is begun after about six lessons on the more important paradigms. In connection with the reading, the system of sounds and inflections is studied more carefully and in the light of comparative grammar. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 11:00, PROFESSOR BUCK.

II. Sanskrit.-Reading of classical texts from Lanman's Reader and exercises in Sanskrit composition. Mj. Winter Quarter, 2:00, DR. CLARK,

12. Introduction to Vedic Study.- Lanman's Reader and Hillebrandt's Vedachrestomathie will be used. Mj. Summer Quarter, 2:30; Mj. Spring Quarter, 2:00, DR. CLARK.

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13. History of Sanskrit Literature.--The aim of this course is to give a brief survey of the literature of India-a literature of no small intrinsic value and one which offers much that is of interest to the Occidental student. effort will be made to gain some intelligent appreciation of the social and intellectual conditions under which this literature was produced, and to form some conception of its place in the literature and thought of the world. No knowledge of Sanskrit or Pali is necessary, but a large amount of reading in translations will be required. Mj. Spring Quarter, 3:00, DR. CLARK.

14. The Religion and Philosophy of India.-The aim of this course is to give a brief outline of the development of religious and philosophical ideas in India. A few introductory lectures will be given treating of the country and people, of the general characteristics of Hindu modes of thought, of Sanskrit literature, of political history, and of the growth of social institutions. The ability to read German readily, though not required, will greatly enhance the value of the work. Mj. Summer Quarter, 9:00, DRS. CLARK AND WAUGH.

15. Kalidasa's "Çakuntala."-With an introduction to scenic Prākrit. DR. CLARK. [Not given in 1909-10.]

16. Kalidasa's "Meghadūta” and “Ṛtusamhāra.”—Mj. Winter Quarter, 3:00, DR. CLARK.

17. Pali.-For beginners. Andersen's Pali Reader will be used. Prerequisite: Sanskrit. Mj. Winter Quarter, 9:30, DR. CLARK.

19. Avestan (and Old Persian). — Introduction to Iranian Philology. Jackson's Avesta Grammar and Avesta Reader will be used. After completing the selections in the Reader, either additional texts from the Avesta (Geldner's edition) or the Old Persian inscriptions will be taken up. Prerequisite: Sanskrit. PROFESSOR BUCK. [Not given in 1909-10.]

20. Lithuanian and Old Bulgarian.-Introduction to Balto-Slavic Philology. Wiedemann's Handbuch der litauischen Sprache and Leskien's Handbuch der altbulgarischen Sprache will be used. Winter Quarter, 11:00, PROFESSOR BUCK.

25. Seminar.-Problems in Indo-European Phonology and Morphology. Written papers will be expected each week. Mj. Spring Quarter, F., 4:00– 6:00, PROFESSOR BUCK.

26. Vedic Seminar.- Interpretation of Selected Hymns from the RigVeda. Mj. Spring Quarter, Wed., 4:00-6:00, DR. CLARK.

XA. GENERAL COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY
(Languages neither Indo-European nor Semitic)

CHINESE

30, 31, 32. Elementary Chinese.-3Mj. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, 8:30, MR. YIN CHWANG WANG.

33, 34, 35. Advanced Chinese.-3Mj. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, 12:00, MR. YIN CHWANG WANG.

one.

JAPANESE

36, 37, 38. Elementary Japanese.—The aim of this course is a practical Elementary grammar and pronunciation are studied in connection with the reading of easy stories and conversation with regard to their contents. 3Mj. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, 11:00, MR. Y. TSUNEKAWA.

39, 40, 41. Advanced Japanese. -3Mj. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, MR. Y. TSUNEKAWA. (Hours to be arranged with the instructor.)

XI. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

PAUL SHOREY, PH.D., LL.D., Professor and Head of the Department of the Greek Language and Literature.

FRANK BIGELOW TARBELL, PH.D., Professor of Classical Archaeology.

CLARENCE FASSETT CASTLE, PH.D., Associate Professor of Greek.

ROBERT JOHNSON BONNER, PH.D., Assistant Professor of Greek.

*DAVID ANDERSON COVINGTON, A.M., Assistant in Greek.

JOHN LEONARD HANCOCK, A.M., Assistant in Greek.

ROGER MILLER JONES, A.B., Assistant in Greek.

ROBERT DALE ELLIOTT, A.M., Professor of Greek, University of South Dakota (Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, 1909-10).

THEODORE CHalon Burgess, PH.D., Professor of Greek and Latin, Bradley Polytechnic Institute (Summer Quarter, 1909).

GENEVA MISENER, PH.D., Professor of Greek, Rockford College (Summer Quarter, 1909).

*Deceased.

FELLOWS, 1909-10

HAZEL LOUISE BROWN, A.M.
GEORGE MILLER CALHOUN, A.B.
FRANCES EUNICE DAVIS, A.B.
FRANK EGLESTON ROBBINS, A.B.
EDWIN LEODGAR THEISS, A.B.

INTRODUCTORY

Ability to read Greek with accuracy and ease, and intelligent enjoyment of the masterpieces of Greek literature are the indispensable prerequisites of all higher Greek scholarship. All other interests that may attach to the study are subordinate to these, and their pursuit is positively harmful if it prematurely distracts the student's attention from his main purpose.

In the work of the Junior Colleges the Department will keep this principle steadily in view, and will endeavor to teach a practical knowledge of Greek vocabulary and idiom, and to impart literary and historic culture by means of rapid viva voce translation and interpretation of the simpler masterpieces of the literature. The authors especially studied will be Homer, Xenophon's Memorabilia and Hellenica, with two or three of the minor Platonic dialogues, a few of the easier Greek orations, selections from Herodotus and Thucydides, and several Greek plays. In the Senior Colleges the chief stress will still be laid on reading and exegesis, but the range of authors presented to students' choice will be enlarged to include Pindar and Bacchylides, further study of the drama, Theocritus and the Greek lyric poets, the Attic orators, Thucydides, Aristotle, and Plato. Special courses will also be given on archaeology, epigraphy, private and public antiquities and literary history.

The ultimate aim of the graduate work is to train finished scholars, teachers, and investigators. Great pains will be taken, however, to avoid the too common error of hurrying into investigation students who lack the indispensable preliminary knowledge of the Greek language and literature. The Department will make a distinct effort to provide for the needs of students of this type. The opportunities of the Senior Colleges will be open to them, and suitable graduate courses are provided for them; they will also be admitted to the seminar as listeners and, to the extent of their ability, as active participants, on condition that they at the same time pursue special auxiliary courses of reading organized for them in connection with the seminar.

Candidates for the Doctor's degree in Greek (and where Greek is the major subject Latin must be offered as the minor) will be expected to show, in addition to an intimate knowledge of the principles of the two languages and facility in using them, a familiarity with Greek and Roman history, the history of Greek and Latin literature, and a special knowledge of a chosen author or authors in each language. When Greek is taken as the major subject, special stress will be laid on range and accuracy of reading, and on the quality of the dissertation, which must be printed.

For information in regard to Scholarships, Fellowships, and library facilities, see pp. 130-132

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