may be elected by University students for one, two, or three quarters. PROFESSOR HALE. [Not given in 1909-10.]

57. Teachers' Training Course in Virgil.-A study of the first six books of the Aeneid, with reference to the presentation of Virgil's art and material in high-school study. PROFESSOR MILLER. [Not given in 1909-10.]

58. Teachers' Course in First-Year Latin.-The course will review the Latin of the first year of the high school, covering vocabulary, forms, syntax, and order, as well as the method of presenting the material to young students. It is designed primarily for teachers of Latin; but students of some maturity who desire to begin the study of the language, or to review forgotten ground, will find it possible to do the work. The textbook used will be Hale's First Latin Book. Mj. Summer Quarter, 2:30, MR. CARR.

59. General Course for Teachers.-A series of topics of a general nature will be discussed. The preservation and transmission of classical texts, and the formation of a critical apparatus, will be illustrated from the text of Caesar's Commentaries. The historical and political setting of the Commentaries will be treated, the circumstances and purpose of their composition, and the recent investigations and other literature bearing upon Caesar's campaigns. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BEESON. [Not given in 1909-10.]

60. Roman Private Life.-A systematic treatment with illustrations (by lantern views, photographs, etc.) from the remains of ancient art and, in particular, from the remains discovered in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome. Mj. Winter Quarter, 2:00, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR LAING.

61. Roman Public Life. The course will deal topically with the magistracies, the Senate, the popular assemblies, and the courts. It will be conducted by lectures and reports. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR LAING. [Not given in 1909-10.]

62. Roman Religion.-The course will deal with the domestic, gentile, and public worship of the Romans. Special attention will be given to the festivals and priestly orders. The work will be carried on by lectures and reports. AssOCIATE PROFESSOR LAING. [Not given in 1909-10.]

63. Church and State in the Roman Empire. — The treatment of the material will be both historical and literary. A few lectures on the history of Roman religion during the Republic, especially in its attitude toward foreign and imported cults, will be followed by readings from the works of ancient authors who treat of such topics under the Empire. Especial attention will be paid to the development of the Egyptian, Jewish, Christian, and Mithraic systems and worship. Lectures will supplement readings, the latter including passages from Tacitus, Josephus, Suetonius, Dio, Pliny the Younger, Apuleius, certain of the Christian Apologists (especially Minucius Felix, Tertullian, and Orosius), the acta Martyrum, and writers who treat of the attitude of the religiously minded citizen toward the state, such as Marcus Aurelius and St. Augustine. Greek writers may be read in translation. Mj. Winter Quarter, 8:30, PROFESSOR MERRILL.

64. The Topography of Ancient Rome. The course will be illustrated with plates and photographs in the possession of the University. PROFESSOR MERRILL. [Not given in 1909-10.]

65. Introduction to Latin Paleography.-A brief sketch of the history of the science will be accompanied by the study of facsimiles, for the acquisition of facility in reading and dating Latin manuscripts. The lectures will treat of the roll and the codex, the preservation and transmission of classical texts, the errors of the scribes, etc. Mj. Winter Quarter, 9:30, MISS BALLOU.

66. Introduction to Latin Epigraphy. The course is planned to give students some knowledge of the material which is contained in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum for the study of the Latin language and Roman life. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR LAING. [Not given in 1909–10.]

67. Early Latin. -Allen's Remnants, Merry's Fragments of Roman Poetry, and Bücheler's Carmina Epigraphica. The object of the course is especially to give some clear and ordered knowledge of the beginnings of Roman literature. The treatment will be mainly philological and literary. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR LAING OR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BEESON. [Not given in 1909-10.]

68. Colloquial Latin.-The object of the course will be to study the characteristics of colloquial Latin in the fields of lexicography, pronunciation, syntax, and style, to determine the relation of colloquial to literary Latin, and to trace its connection with archaic Latin on the one hand, and with the Romance languages on the other. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BEESON. [Not given in 1909-10.]

69. The History of Latin Literature in the Early Middle Ages.-The lectures will treat of the survival of classical literature and tradition during this period, and their influence on the development of the Christian Latin literature. Selections will be read from the more important writers, sacred and profane, with special reference to linguistic peculiarities. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BEESON. [Not given in 1909-10.]

70. The History of Latin Philology in the Middle Ages.-The lectures will discuss the paleography of the various countries, the activities of the monasteries and other centers of learning, the use of Latin as a universal language, and the like. The learning and philological activity of the times will be illustrated in the case of a single author, Isidore of Seville. A brief sketch of the survival of Roman literature will close the course. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BEESON. [Not given in 1909-10.]

71. Research Course in Livy.-The course will be based mainly on the early part of Livy's narrative. Special topics, such as the constitution of the centuriate comitia, the episode of the decemvirate, and the career of Appius Claudius, will be taken up for consideration. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR LAING. [Not given in 1909-10.]

72, 73. Research Course in Catullus.-(Research Course.) Latin Paleography of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, with special reference to the text of Catullus. PROFESSOR HALE. [Not given in 1909-10.]

74. Introduction to the Critical Study of Plautus.-The progress of research in the various aspects of Plautine study: illustrative critical study of one play; new problems, with practice in research in topics of limited range. Prerequisite: course 23. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PRESCOTT. [Not given in 1909-10.]

81, 82, 83. Seminar: Letters of the Younger Pliny.—The work of the seminar will include both text-criticism and interpretation. The extant manuscript authority for the text, in both published and unpublished material, will be critically examined, the proper grouping of the manuscripts into families will be determined, and the processes of inference by which the probable constitution of the archetype is to be restored will be analyzed and practiced. On the interpretative side, more minute attention will be devoted to problems of chronology, history, or administration, than to those of diction, syntax, and style. PROFESSOR MERRILL. [Not given in 1909–10.]

84, 85, 86. Seminar: Letters of Cicero.-A brief period in the history of Rome during the decline of the Republic will be taken as a subject for investigation in this course. The letters of Cicero during the period in question will furnish the primary text, and will be examined in the light of, and supplemented by, all other available evidence. Textual criticism will be subordinated to historical, the principal aim thus being in contrast to that of the seminar in Pliny's Letters. 3Mj. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, Tu., 4:00-6:00, PROFESSOR MERRILL.

87, 88, 89. Seminar: The Comparative Syntax of Latin and Greek.The work of the seminar will deal first with the general question of methods of

attack in syntactical investigation and the fundamental principles properly governing it, and then with detailed problems. Homer and Plautus will be used for material. Papers will be prepared and discussed at meetings of the class. 3Mj. Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, Th., 4:00-6:00, PROFESSOR HALE.

90. Research Course in Latin Syntax.-Hours to be determined by needs of students. Prerequisite: courses 87, 88. Mj. Spring Quarter, PROFESSOR HALE.

COURSES IN GREEK AND LATIN OFFERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT AND INDO-EUROPEAN PHILOLOGY

2. Outlines of the Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (Sounds and Inflections). — This course, which is intended primarily for classical students, is meant to be eminently practical, emphasizing those relations which can be understood from a study of the Greek and Latin languages themselves, and the facts which are most helpful to an understanding of the historical development of each language. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 12:00, PROFESSOR BUCK.

3. Exercises in Greek and Latin Historical Grammar.-The time is equally divided between Greek and Latin, and either half of the work may be taken separately as a minor. Mj. Winter Quarter, 12:00, PROFESSOR BUCK.

4. Historical Latin Grammar.—Lectures and exercises upon the history of Latin sounds and inflections. PROFESSOR BUCK. [Not given in 1909-10.] 6. Italic Dialects.-Buck's Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian will be used. First Term, Summer Quarter, 11:30, PROFESSOR BUCK.

COURSES IN GREEK AND ROMAN ART OFFERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE HISTORY OF ART

2. Greek Art.-Mj. Autumn Quarter, 8:30, PROFESSOR TARBELL. 5. Roman Art.-Mj. Winter Quarter, 8:30, PROFESSOR TARBELL.

9. Greek and Roman Coins and Gems.-Mj. PROFESSOR TARBELL. [Not given in 1909-10.J

ADDITIONAL REMARKS TO DEPARTMENTS V, X, XI, AND XII

FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS

The Fellowships yield $520, $320, or $120, and the Scholarships $120. The appointments to Fellowships and Graduate Scholarships in general are based upon evidence of proficiency and promise in the departments in which the student intends to work. This evidence will naturally take the form of letters from former instructors, and papers of a scientific character which may have been prepared by the applicant, either for this special purpose or otherwise. The applicant should also furnish a brief sketch of his life, together with a catalogue of the institution from which he has received his Bachelor's or other degree (with the courses marked in which he has studied). A general statement of his plans for work should be submitted.

All applications should be in the hands of the Graduate Deans on or before March 1. Announcements of appointments are made during the first week of April.

A Senior College Scholarship in Greek is annually awarded to a student who has received the Junior College certificate within the year then ending (Autumn to Spring Quarters, inclusive). The award is based upon (a) the record of the Greek courses taken (which must include the three required majors and at least one elective major); and (b) a special examination held in May.

A Graduate Scholarship in Greek is annually awarded at the June Convocation to a student who has received the Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Chicago within the year then ending (Autumn to Spring Quarters, inclusive). The award is based upon (a) the record of the Greek courses taken (which must include at least three elective majors), and (b) a special examination held in May.

A special Graduate Scholarship in Latin is annually awarded at the June Convocation to a student who has received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from the University of Chicago within the twelve months then ending. The award is based upon (1) the record of the Latin courses taken (which must include at least three elective majors in the Senior Colleges); and (2) a special examination held in May. The examination in 1909 will cover the following subjects: (a) assignments for translation at sight; (b) the general history of Rome; (c) the history of Latin literature.

(The treatment of the general history by Pelham, and of the literary history by Mackail or Wilkins, will indicate the scope of the examination under (b) and (c) respectively.)

A Senior College Scholarship in Latin is annually awarded at the June Convocation to a student who has received the Junior College certificate within the twelve months then ending. The award is based upon (1) the record of the Latin courses taken (which must include the three required majors and at least one elective major in the Junior Colleges); and (2) a special examination held in May. The examination in 1909 will include passages to be translated from Latin into English, and from English into Latin, and questions on Latin Literature. The Latin will be similar to that read in the courses mentioned, and the Latin Prose Composition will involve such grammatical and stylistic points as have been taken in connection with courses 4 and 5. The questions on Latin Literature will follow the lines of the instruction given in course 6.

Holders of Fellowships or Scholarships will be expected to give assistance of some kind in the work of the University, for the most part in the care of the Departmental Library, the reading of examination papers, or in instruction. In no case will a Fellow or Scholar be required or allowed to devote more than one-sixth of his time to such services; nor will a holder of one of the larger Fellowships be allowed, under any circumstances, to do private teaching, nor a holder of a smaller Fellowship or a Scholarship to do so without special permission.

LIBRARY FACILITIES

The rooms of the four departments, eleven in number, are grouped about a Departmental Library Room as a center. This room has a capacity of about 10,000 volumes, and the advanced student thus enjoys constant and direct access to a large number of selected books and to all of the important journals.

In addition to the University Library, the Public Library of the City of Chicago and the Newberry Library are accessible to students of the University. Books from the Newberry Library are also sent, to be used in the rooms of the General Library of the University, upon application through the librarian of the latter.

XIII. THE DEPARTMENT OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

WILLIAM ALBert Nitze, Ph.D., Professor and Head of the Department of Romance Languages and Literature.

KARL PIETSCH, PH.D., Associate Professor of Romance Philology.

THOMAS ATKINSON JENKINS, PH.D., Associate Professor of French Philology.
THEODORE LEE NEFF, PH.D., Assistant Professor of French.

GEORGE CARTER HOWLAND, A.M., Assistant Professor of Italian Philology.
ELIZABETH WALLACE, S.B., Assistant Professor of French Literature.
HIRAM PARKER WILLIAMSON, A.M., Assistant Professor of French.
RALPH EMERSON HOUSE, A.M., Instructor in Romance Languages.
HENRI CHARLES EDOUARD DAVID, A.M., Instructor in French.
EARLE BROWNELL BABCOCK, A.B., Instructor in French.

FELLOW, 1909-10

HENRY RAYMOND BRUSH, A.B.

INTRODUCTORY

The Junior Colleges provide elementary and intermediate courses in the French language. Students who have completed these courses commendably, and who have made good use of auxiliary opportunities, may expect to possess a good command of spoken French, an accurate reading knowledge of the language, and an acquaintance with the more important modern, and a few classic authors.

In the Senior Colleges the student is led to an appreciation of the masterpieces of classic and modern literature; at the same time his colloquial command is maintained and strengthened. Most of these courses are conducted in French. In addition, the student may elect the elementary and intermediate courses in Italian and Spanish.

In the Graduate School the instruction consists mainly of courses whose object is to put students in possession of the results already achieved in Romance linguistics and the history of the Romance literatures. The first year graduate studies correspond in a general way to the requirements for the "specialist" Master's degree; they are planned to meet the needs of those who are preparing to occupy positions which provide elementary and intermediate instruction in French, Italian, or Spanish. In the second and third years of graduate studies the aim is to impart to students, along with much that is in the nature of necessary information, an appreciation of sound methods of dealing with linguistic and literary facts and theories. This appreciation once reached, and granted the needed industry and enthusiasm, the student may attempt research work with good chance of success.

To be admitted as candidates for either of the higher degrees, students must furnish evidence of (a) preparation equal to three years' work in modern French (or nine majors); (b) a reading knowledge of either Spanish or Italian.

The Master's degree.-For the general conditions of candidacy for this degree, see p. 127. The special requirements are: (a) courses 21, 22, 29, 41, 43;