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(e) For the Doctor's degree, with Church History as principal subject, the candidate must be familiar with the leading events in the entire history of the church, and his special work must all be in one of the three great subdivisions of the history. The final examination will be chiefly in this subdivision, covering its entire field, whether the class work has done so or not. The degree will be given, not on the basis of a certain number of majors completed, but in recognition of the candidate's high attainments and ability in his chosen province.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

GENERAL INTRODUCTION (30–1900 a.d.)

IA. Outlines of Church History (30–1900 a. D.).—This course aims to find, and arrange in natural order, the great turning-points in the history of the Christian church; to discover by following the development of the process the principal divisions that have taken place; to state concisely the causes of these divisions and the environments that have favored their growth or their decay; to fix the different stages of development by means of such dates as the importance of the subject-matter may show to be necessary. The purpose of the course is preparatory to the special courses that follow. Mj. Summer Quarter, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF; DR. GATES.

1. The General History of the Church from the Earliest Times to the Reformation.-Mj. Autumn Quarter, AssOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF.

3. The General History of the Church from the Beginning of the Reformation to the Present Day.-Mj. Winter Quarter, AsSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF.

Courses 1 and 3 are required courses. They give with fuller detail than is possible in 1A the main outlines of church history. Students electing 1A during the Summer Quarter may with the consent of the Department, have it counted as a required course and elect more advanced work for other requirements.

THE EARLY CHURCH (30-800 A.D.)

3A. The Spread of Christanity in the First Three Centuries.—A study of the causes and conditions of the spread of Christianity in the first three centuries of the Christian era. The "fulness of the times" or the preparation for Christianity among the Jews, Greeks, and Romans; the conflict with Judaism and heathenism; geographical distribution and methods of extension. Mj. First Term, Summer Quarter, 1910, DR. GATES.

3B. From Primitive to Catholic Christianity. A study of the transi tion from primitive to Catholic Christianity. The transformation of the faith, life, discipline, ordinances, and organization of the Christian church during the first three centuries of the Christian era; causes and conditions. The origin of the Roman Catholic Church. The growth of the spiritual and temporal power of the Bishop of Rome. M. Second Term, Summer Quarter, 1910, DR. GATES.

3C. The Alexandrian School.-A historic study of the contact of Greek philosophy with Christianity and of their amalgamation in the Ancient Catholic Church. Alexandria as an educational center in the ancient world, and as the meeting-place of Greek, Jewish, Christian, and Oriental systems of faith. The origin, nature, and influence of Gnosticism. The Christian school of Alexandria: a study of the life and writings of Clement and Origen, and of their place and influence. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1910, DR. GATES.

3D. The Greek and Latin Apologists.-The rise, nature, and scope of apology in the early church. A study of the first literary defenses of Christianity against the attacks of such skeptics as Juvenal, Lucian, Celsus,

and Porphyry. The alleged reasons for persecution by the Roman state and populace, and the answer of Christian teachers. A study of the written apologies of Justin, Athenagoras, Tertullian, and Origen. Mj. DR. GATES. [Not given in 1909-10.]

4. Early Church History.-Mj. [Not given in 1909.]

4A. The Ecumenical Creeds and Councils.-A study of the development of the "rule of faith" or creed in the Christian church. The origin and history of the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the succeeding ecumenical creeds and councils. Mj. DR. GATES. [Not given in 1909-10.]

4B. Early Church History.-M. Second Term, Summer Quarter, 1909, PROFESSOR CHRISTIE.

5A. A Study in the Sources of Church History from Constantine to Charles the Great.-This course is based mainly upon Mehlhorn's Aus den Quellen der Kirchengeschichte. It will deal with important phases of the imperial church; the development of the papal church; and the early history of the German church. A good reading knowledge of German will be necessary. Mj. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF. [Probably not given in 1909-10.]

THE MEDIAEVAL CHURCH (800-1517 A.D.)

8. The Mediaeval Church, 1050-1500.-The organization of the church from Rome as a center; the church's relation to the education of society and culture in general; its position as a social center; the governmental functions discharged by the church; the attempt to establish a theocracy. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1910, 2:00, DR. WALKER.

14. Mediaeval Ideas and Institutions.-If modern history is to be understood, it must be in the light of the Middle Ages. The strength and weakness of mediaeval thought are expressed in such institutions as feudalism, monasticism, scholasticism, mysticism, religious orders, universities, and the papacy. Recommended as preparatory to courses 16 and 18. This course is fully covered by courses in the Senior Colleges and the Graduate Schools of Art, Literature, and Science. Students electing this work will get full credit in Church History and may have their reading especially directed. See courses 7, 8, 9, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, in History.

THE REFORMATION

16. Forerunners of the Reformation in Italy.-General view of Italian history to Dante. The earlier intellectual condition of Italy; Dante, Petrarch, and Savonarola; the moral, intellectual, and ecclesiatical characteristics of Humanism and Renaissance. Mj. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF. [Not given in 1909-10.]

17. The Life and Work of Erasmus.-A study of the life and literary labors of Erasmus, "the prince of Humanists." The influence of Humanism upon the Protestant Reformation. The relation of Erasmus to the Humanists of Germany, France, and England. A study of the principal literary works of Erasmus. DR. GATES. [Not given in 1909-10.]

18. The German Reformation.-Mj. Spring Quarter, 2:00, 1910, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SPERRY.

18A. The Antecedents of the Reformation.-Conditions in the Church. Intellectual and moral conditions among the people. The political situation. Luther and the beginnings of the revolt. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1909, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SPERRY.

22. The Progress of Protestantism and the Catholic Reform.-The purpose of this course is to trace the progress of Protestantism on the continent during the sixteenth century after Luther's initial revolt from the church. The military and political history involved will be compressed to the utmost,

and receive attention only as it affects the religious movement. The course divides naturally into the following parts: (1) The progress of Protestantism in Germany from the first Diet of Speyer (1526) to the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618); (2) Zwingli and the Swiss revolt to the second Peace of Kappel (1531), with a consideration of the spread of Zwinglian teaching in Germany and of the results of Zwingli's work; (3) John Calvin; (4) The French Revolt to the Edict of Nantes (1598); (5) The revolt in the Scandinavian States, in Poland, Bohemia, and Hungary; (6) The revolt in the Netherlands to the Declaration of Independence by the United Provinces (1581); (7) The Catholic Reform to the Council of Trent (1545-1563), with a study of results. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1910, 2:00, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SPERRY.

ENGLISH CHURCH HISTORY

34. From the Age of Wyclif to the Reign of Elizabeth.-Mj. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF.

35. From Elizabeth's Reign to 1688.-Mj. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF. [Courses 34 and 35 will not be given in 1909–10.]

36. The Eighteenth Century.-Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1909, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF.

37. The Nineteenth Century.-Mj. Winter Quarter, 1910, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF.

The courses in English Church History begin with a general introduction emphasizing the reformation movement led by Wyclif, Chaucer, and Langland. They then include a detailed investigation of: The repudiation of papal authority; the growth of Anglicanism; the origin and spread of Puritanism; the differentiation of Presbyterianism; the rise of Independency under the Tudors; the development of the various religious denominations and their struggle for recognition and freedom, and the beginning of religious toleration under the Stuarts; the ascendence of Rationalism leading to Methodism and the Evangelical Revival; the Oxford Movement; the later history of the Free Churches; and the status and problems of English Christianity in our own times. The method is by lectures introducing the subjects and critically estimating the sources, and special investigation by members of the class, the results of which are reported and carefully criticized.

AMERICAN CHURCH HISTORY 1492-1902 A. D.

38A. History of American Christianity.-An outline survey of the entire field of religious history in America from the beginning of colonization to the present time. Spanish, French, and English missions. Beginning of permanent settlements in Virginia and New England. Development of religious liberty in the colonial period. The Great Awakening and subsequent decline of religion. Revolutionary period. The second awakening. Movements in the present century. An effort will be made to view historically the principal denominations, so far as they are products of American soil or contribute to the sum total of American Christianity. Mj. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF. (Not given in 1909-10.)

43. Seminar: Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. -A study from the documents of religious organization in New England. Students who have not had a thorough course in colonial history are advised to take courses 81 and 82 in the History Department. Mj. Autumn Quarter, 1908, Monday, 3:00-5:00, PROFESSOR MCLAUGHLIN.

44. The Beginning of American Church History.-Mj. Spring Quarter, 1910, Monday, 3:00-5:00, PROFESSOR MCLAUghlin.

46. The Principal Orthodox Denominations in the United States.-Mj. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF. [Not given in 1909-10.]

47. New England Religious History to the Civil War.-M. Second Term, Summer Quarter, 1909, PROFESSOR CHRISTIE.

48. Seminar: The Break-up of the Great Churches, 1840-1860.-Mj. Winter Quarter, PROFESSOR Dodd.

CHRISTIAN THOUGHT AND MISSIONS

50. Transition to Modern Religious Thought.—A history of the conflict between science and religion and the influence of modern discoveries in geography, astronomy, geology, and anthropology upon religious thought. The past and present relation between science and religion. The philosophic, scientific, social, political, and critical ideas which have contributed to a "New Theology." The characteristics and tendencies of modern religious thought. Mj. Summer Quarter, 1910, DR. GATES.

56A. The Rise of Catholic Doctrine.

62. Christian Missions in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries. In the sixteenth century: religious state of the world at beginning of the century; zeal of the Jesuits and apathy of the Reformers in the cause of missions; the missions to Brazil and Lapland. In the seventeenth century: religious characteristics of the century; the German, Dutch, and English interest in missions. In the eighteenth century: religious characteristics of the century; the missionary movements by the Pietists, by Hans Egede, by the Moravians, by David Brainerd, by the Wesleyans, by the Missionary Societies. Mj.

63A. Christian Missions in India.-The beginnings of Christianity. The St. Thomas Christians and the Jesuits. Xavier. The beginnings of Protestant missions. Ziegenbaig and Schwartz. The awakening of interest in missions at home, and the rise of the missionary societies. The opposition of the East India Company. The Serampore Brotherhood. Duff and the Christian education movement. The Christic societies and "reformed Hinduism." The present situation. Mj. PROFESSOR PARKER.

63B. Christian Missions in China.-Religious conditions of China at the beginning of the nineteenth century. China and the European powers. The opium war. The Tar Ping rebellion. Morrison and the beginnings of Protestant missions. The China inland mission. The Boxer movement. The new China of the twentieth century. Mj. PROFESSOR PARKER.

63C. Representative Men in Eastern Missions.-A study of significant missionary movements and the men who have led them, Xavier, Tregenbalg, Carey, Judson, Duff, Morrison, Hudson, Taylor, Livingstone. Mj. PROFESSOR PARKER.

63D. Present-Day Problems in Foreign Missions.-M. PROFESSOR PARKER.

63E. Modern Conditions in Missionary Fields.-A general survey. Mj. PROFESSOR PARKER.

63F. Missions to Mohammedans.-History, difficulties, and prospect of success. M. PROFESSOR PARKER.

64. The Philosophy of History.-The great attempts at the philosophical consideration of history will be reviewed, and the present status of the subject will be estimated. An effort to form a conception of what a philosophy of history should be. Recent efforts to find a general basis for the interpretation of historical facts. Mj. Winter Quarter, 1909, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MONCRIEF. (Not given in 1909-10.)

XLVI. THE DEPARTMENT OF PRACTICAL THEOLOGY

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

THEODORE GErald Soares, PH.D., D.D., Professor of Homiletics and Religious Education, and Head of the Department of Practical Theology.

GALUSHA ANDERSON, S.T.D., LL.D., Professor Emeritus of Homiletics. ALLAN HOBEN, PH.D., Associate Professor of Homiletics and Pastoral Duties.

CORNELIUS WOELFKIN, D.D., Professor of Homiletics, Rochester Theological Seminary, Rochester, N. Y. (Summer Quarter, 1909).

INSTRUCTORS IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS OFFERING COURSES
CONTRIBUTORY TO RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

JAMES HAYDEN TUFTS, PH.D., LL.D., Professor of Philosophy.
JAMES ROWLAND ANGELL, A.M., Professor of Philosophy.

GEORGE HERBERT MEAD, A.B., Professor of Philosophy.

NATHANIEL BUTLER, A.M., D.D., LL.D., Professor of Education.

ALBION WOODBURY SMALL, PH.D., LL.D., Professor of Sociology.

CHARLES RICHMOND HENDERSON, PH.D., D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical Sociology.

GEORGE EDGAR VINCENT, PH.D., Professor of Sociology.

GEORGE BURMAN FOSTER, A.M., PH.D., Professor of the Philosophy of Religion.
WILLIAM BISHOP OWEN, PH.D., Associate Professor of Education.
WILLIAM ISAAC THOMAS, PH.D., Associate Professor of Sociology.
WILLARD CLARK GORE, PH.D., Assistant Professor of Psychology.
Harvey Carr, PH.D., Assistant Professor of Experimental Psychology.
EDWARD SCRIBNER AMES, PH.D., Assistant Professor of Philosophy.

FELLOW, 1909-10

ARTHUR JACKSON HALL, A.B., A.M., D.B., TH.M.

INTRODUCTORY

The Department consists of three divisions: Homiletics, Pastoral Duties and Liturgics, and Religious Education. The introductory course in each division is required, viz., courses 2, 4, 6. In the case of students who are preparing to be teachers the three required courses may be taken in Education.

I. HOMILETICS

In the firm conviction that the pulpit is to be of increasing importance in modern life, emphasis is placed upon effective preaching as the preeminent function of the minister. With due regard to the great traditions of the pulpit, the endeavor is made to help the preacher to reach his own largest self-expression in the presentation of a modern message to a modern congregation. Inasmuch as preaching is an art, the courses are designed to give the largest possible practice in the actual preparation of sermons. The history of the pulpit, the great sermons of the past, the method and message of modern preachers are critically studied. In order to train the student in the homiletic use of material acquired in study, and to enforce the value of

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