remarkable in Arnold's case. Indeed, if we consider what was his special temperament, the fact that his genius did not grow is about the most remarkable fact connected with Arnold, inasmuch as the basis of that genius was a certain power of meditative generalization-the very power which we naturally expect to grow with the passage of years. When M. Renan declared that no man can produce really great literary work till he has passed the meridian of life, he forgot how diversified is the literary character, how various are its energies. Perhaps he would not have been so far from the truth as we find him to be had he stated the case thus:-As regards maturity of productive powers, writers-poets as well as prosemen - are divisible into three classes: those whose powers after early manhood grow; those whose powers after early manhood remain stationary; and those whose powers after early manhood begin to show the seeds of dissolution already at work. This is, we believe, what literary history shows. And the difference in this respect between literary workers has not so much to do with physical conditions as at first might be supposed. Heine's case shows, and so in a lesser degree does Alexander Pope's, that the most vigorous work may come from men in the feeblest health. Christopher North's poetry shows that verse whose chief characteristic is feminine sweetness may come from an athlete. Though the habits of mind which are the result of early surroundings and education have, no doubt, something to do with this matter, congenital temperament concerns it more. And what is the kind of congenital temperament from which growth after early manhood may be specially expected? All men may, perhaps, be divided into those who digest and assimilate life, and those who may be said to swallow life with out digesting it to "bolt" everything with an indiscriminate and ostrich-like eagerness, food and stones and all. And especially is this so with men of genius. With the former a capacity of meditation lies at the base of the genius-with the latter there lies at the base of the genius a capacity of feeling without the power of meditation. Now the remarkable thing about Arnold is that, although the basis of his genius was what we have called the capacity of meditation, the capacity of assimilating life's experiences and generalizing upon them, his genius both in prose and in verse remained as stationary as though his temperament had been of the opposite kind-the temperament that loses everything when the first juvenile acuteness of the feelings is passed. When he produced the famous preface to his poems he was a young man. With much freshness of thought, and also with an easy charm of presentment that was all his own, there were in this preface certain juvenilities of manner-there was a certain flighty dogmatism, a quest of saucy paradox such as we associate with brilliant youth -juvenilities, however, which we generally expect will leave a writer when youth is past. We use the word manner advisedly. Manner the writer had, and a most winsome manner it was; but it can hardly be said that he had style. Style is, to define, yet it is generally admitted that while manner depends largely upon self-conscious tricks, tricks are unknown to the master of style. In Landor there are no tricks, nor are there any tricks in such contemporary masters of style as Cardinal Newman on the one hand and Mr. Walter Pater on the other. The trick of "repeating the same thing in the same words, sometimes almost to the weariness of the reader," which even the reverent editor of this volume admits as a fault of Arnold's, was a trick so juvenile it was so cheap, so entirely the trick of an inexperienced writer-that it seemed impossible that it would not be immediately outgrown. But so far from outgrowing this trick, Arnold delighted in it through all his life. That an experienced writer could open thus an essay upon the poetry of Gray-one of Arnold's very latest essays seems incredible, and yet here it is: "James Brown, Master of Pembroke Hall at Cambridge, Gray's friend and executor, in letter written a fortnight after Gray's death to another of his friends, Dr. Wharton of Old Park, Durham, has the following passage: 'Everything is now dark and melancholy in Mr. Gray's room, not a trace of him remains there ; a it looks as if it had been for some time unin habited, and the room bespoke for another inhabitant. The thoughts I have of him will last, and will be useful to me the few years I can expect to live. He never spoke out, but I believe from some little expressions I now remember to have dropped from him, that for some time past he thought himself nearer his end than those about him apprehended.' He never spoke out. In these four words is contained the whole history of Gray, both as a man and as a poet. The words fell naturally, and as it were by chance, from their writer's pen; but let us dwell upon them, and press into their meaning, for in following it we shall come to understand Gray. He was in his fifty-fifth year when he died, and he lived in ease and leisure; yet a few pages hold all his poetry; he never spoke out in poetry." And so throughout the essay: we get at the end of every few paragraphs the phrase he never spoke out printed in italics, after the fashion of Douglas Jerrold, who was the inventor of the style-who, indeed, invented a method of constructing a story for the express purpose of bringing in a catch phrase such as he never spoke out printed in italics. In 'Job Pippins, the Man who couldn't Help It,' the story is invented in order to enable the ingenious writer to work in at the end of every few sentences the italicized phrase he couldn't help it. In the story of Adam Buff, the Man without a Shirt,' the story is invented to enable the writer to manipulate in the same manner the elegant phrase without a shirt. So with John Applejohn, the man who meant well; or with Barnaby Palms, the man who felt his way. Such a trick in the stories of a professional farceur may, perhaps, be in placenay, for aught we know, may to some people be even humorous; but that such a manner should have been introduced into poetical criticism-introduced, too, by the great apostle of culture, to whom Shelley was a madman and Shakspeare a brilliant barbarian-is very curious. It is mischievous, too. There are younger writers who, it seems, would fain be Matthew no doubt, a quality that is very difficult | Arnolds themselves - men who, entirely without his genius, can imitate his flightiness. It is mischievous, too, in another way. By making the matter depend upon the manner, this kind of "writing up to" catch phrases, as the melodramatist "writes up to" the stage carpentry, destroys all sincerity in criticism. Gray of all the considerable poets of the eighteenth century is about the last of whom it could be said that his outlook upon the universe was more farreaching than that of his time; he was about the last of whom it could be said, save in irony, that, being too big for the age that gave him birth, he "never spoke out" because his genius was stifled. If the very nature of Gray's poems-so full of that wise credulousness, that sweet acceptance of things as they be, which characterizes the temper of eighteenth century poetry-were insufficient to show that all he had to say he said, and said with much labour and "sweat of the brow," the correspondence between him and Mason (the most marvellous record of versetinkering to be found in the world) would show it would show that, if ever a man did set himself to "speak out" as emphatically as nature meant him to speak, it was Gray. Gray never spoke out about his presentiments of death, the Master of Pembroke Hall tells us. And in order, as it would seem, to indulge in this curious trick of the catch phrase, caught up in his youth from Heaven knows where, Arnold twists the words into a meaning that they were never intended to bear, and thus makes it appear that he considers Gray to have been like the imprisoned spirit in the Arabian story - a mighty creature unable to escape from the sealed jar of eighteenth century convention. But what did Matthew Arnold really think of Gray's poetry? So treacherous becomes literary art the moment that literary tricks are indulged in-so true is Wordsworth's saying, "Give me the manner and I will find the matter"-that with Arnold it is always necessary to ask, "What is really and truly the opinion of the man apart from the littérateur ??" NOVELS OF THE WEEK. Neighbours on the Green. By Mrs. Oliphant. 3 vols. (Macmillan & Co.) A Strange Message. By Dora Russell. 3 vols. (Sampson Low & Co.) Barcaldine. By Vere Clavering. 3 vols. (Hurst & Blackett.) MRS. OLIPHANT's collection of magazine stories is a little thin, though, of course, the practised hand is visible enough. The reader is not violently interested in the fatuous conduct of Capt. Llewellyn, who writes such a letter of proposal that it is taken as addressed to herself by the elder of two sisters, when it is the younger to whom he means to make his offer. Nor do the stockbrokers who invade for a season the picturesque haunts of old gentility excite much amusement, though there is ample opportunity of noting the shrewd touches which make the description of commonplace people readable. The stockbroker who "was so like a gentleman that you could never have told the difference," and his large and imposing mother, who "wanted that delicate sense of other people's pride, which a true great lady always has"; Lucy, to whom curates were "mice clearly intended by Providence for fun and torture"; and the Greshams generally, are so well outlined that one forgets the slightness of the composition. Some little bits of landscape, like the winter evening walk in October, give additional delicacy to this tasteful, if trifling book. The "strange message" in Miss Russell's story "came neither by the post nor the telegraph wires." It was contained in a letter which the heroine discovered on her toilet table when she went to dress for dinner. "She thought it was some account, and yet the envelope was thicker and the writing different to what is common on tradesmen's bills." In this simple way Miss Russell begins to create her mystery, which she developes and brings to a climax with the same easy and ungrammatical freedom. Nobody who is not a purist in the expression of ordinary and commonplace thoughts need be bored by an author who simply wants to tell her story in her own fashion. Perhaps it is enough that her story should interest uncritical minds, without straining after new themes and accurate modes of expression. Yet it must be confessed that the lover with the French wife in the background is being rather overdone. So, too, is the wife's-twin-sister business. Has Miss Russell read "Gladys Fane"? Though the main incidents of 'Barcaldine' are improbable, and there is what looks like a want of care in writing and revising for the press, the story is lively and well constructed. Two young men, very much alike, come home together in a ship from Australia, and, under circumstances which need not be explained, one of them conceives the idea of personating the other. The ship is lost, and we are left in doubt whether the sole survivor is the real Simon Pure or the imitation Simon. Of course there is a heroine, whose happiness depends upon the solution of the mystery which another villain does his best to exploit. The illusion is rather cleverly kept up, and the reader may find that his interest does not flag before the last chapter is reached. ANTIQUARIAN LITERATURE. IN English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages, which Miss Toulmin Smith translates (Fisher Unwin), M. Jusserand has done his work with exceptional energy and intelligence. Five years ago he first published the results of his researches in the ways and means of mediæval wayfaring life in England. No Englishman had studied the subject consecutively, and the little French essay proved most welcome. But M. Jusserand has not rested on his oars. He has taken advantage of the appearance of his monograph in an English translation to give his readers the benefit of later and fuller investigation. Errors have been corrected, all is revised, and a fourth part of the English text is new matter. The volume may, therefore, claim the honours of a new publication. One feature peculiar to the English edition gives it, indeed, a value far surpassing that of the French original. M. Jusserand has supplied a long series of highly interesting illustrations, chiefly from illuminated MSS. in the British Museum. Travelling knights, dancing minstrels, ladies on horseback, inns, pedlars, and beggars are not only fully described in prose, but are pictorially reproduced in M. Jusserand's pages. Not the least instructive of these embellishments are five plates representing medieval bridges. All are still standing, three in England, and two in France. Few Englishmen know that the bridges of Warkworth and Wakefield-the one with its defensive tower and the other with its chapel-still survive to illustrate characteristic features of mediæval wayfaring life. But throughout the book we meet with information about our own country which lies outside the knowledge of Englishmen of ordinary education. It should be added that M. Jusserand has himself made the drawings for many of his illustrations, for he adds to his other accomplishments that of being a competent draughtsman. M. Jusserand divides his subject into three main divisionsroads and bridges, lay wayfarers, and religious wayfarers. An appendix, with extracts from patent rolls, rolls of Parliament, Wilkins's 'Concilia,' and the like, gives the reader a hint of the thoroughness of M. Jusserand's work. M. Jusserand does not pretend to be exhaustive, but he sometimes comes near being so. His accounts of the right of sanctuary for fugitive criminals and of the wandering herbalists and other "medicine-men" abound in entertaining facts. The dangers with which marauders of all classes menaced unwary travellers M. Jusserand treats in less detail than is his wont; but so various were the wanderers of the mediæval highways that full-length portraits of all cannot be expected. M. Jusserand is familiar with English literature of the fourteenth century, and quotes it with discretion, supplying at the same time interesting commentary. His paragraphs on the pardoners, monks, and merchants deserve the attention of all students of Chaucer. The statutes of the realm have also been employed adroitly. The statute book is one of the best authorities for social history not only in the Middle Ages, has worked this rich vein assiduously. It is to but in the later centuries; and M. Jusserand be hoped that his book may meet with so warm a welcome in this country as to encourage him to continue with added vigour his researches into our history and literature. It remains to notice that Miss Toulmin Smith has proved a capable translator, and has added some useful notes. M. Jusserand gracefully alludes to her erudition in the well-written lines of introduction. IT is not always easy, as some authors have found to their cost, to make a good book interesting to the general reader. Mr. Rendle's reputation as an industrious student should be a guarantee of the originality and exactness of the antiquarian details that must necessarily form the backbone of The Inns of Old Southwark (Longmans & Co.), while it would be difficult to find much fault either with the luxurious printing and binding, or with the excellent views of old inns by means of which Mr. Norman has so greatly enhanced the attractiveness of the book. The interest of the subject scarcely admits of any doubt, and even if this natural advantage has at times scarcely been seized by the authors, they are at least possessed of a quaint and not unpleasing style of their own. Indeed, the only serious defect in the book appears to us to lie in the historical treatment of the subject in the opening chapters on the English inn as a social institution, and the kindred topic of ale and the brewers, which serve as a kind of general introduction to the local portraitures. It is when we come to the account of the old inns themselves that the real interest and importance of the subject are evident and continue undivided to the end. Here the reader may take his choice of antiquarian lore, seasoned with cheerful gossip and sometimes rather highly-coloured speculations, after the manner of the modern school of Chaucerian and Shakspearean students, together with dainty illustrations. Perhaps on the whole he will prefer the illustrations, but The will none the less do justice to the more solid fare provided in the letterpress. Southwark has no rival as the historic suburb of London. It was once what the Strand is now, the recognized resort of Bohemian residents and the resting-place of South-country visitors to the pleasure scenes of the great city, while it affected even from an early date a considerable commercial activity besides. Doubtless the joyous revels that are connected with its now dreary purlieus were largely indebted to the transpontine licence which was connived at beyond the limits of the strict police of the City; but it was, perhaps, equally indebted in this respect to its commodity of good inns, and not less, according to several ballads printed here, to its famous ale. Mr. Rendle has, perhaps, made a nearer approach than any previous writer towards an intelligible account of the origin and vicissitudes of most of those famous hostelries. He has been at especial pains to trace the somewhat involved question of ow ownership, which is often the key to an invaluable inventory or minable will or a pitiful Chancery suit; and here it may be that he has stopped short on the brink of many a startling discovery, like all who have ever dived intorecords. Still he has brought many valuable facts to the light, and has unearthed some few instructive stories. The authors offer a striking testimony to the accuracy of Dickens's sketches of old London by giving a preference to his memorable picture of the White Hart, survey hidden away in the recesses of an inter with the following graceful explanation: "The sober historian, who wished to describe faithfully the place as it was, could not do it better, if so well." The history of the White Hart as a single episode should be enough to make the popularity of any book; but when this gives place to the Tabard, and that is succeeded in turn by the George, the Old Bull, the Bear, and half a score more of "signs" which have figured reproduced to the life with pen and pencil, the in many a classical piece, and which are here sum of our contentment should be complete. We have suffered more, probably, from worthless books in this department of literature than in any other, and therefore the compensation offered by a work like the present is all the more substantial. OUR LIBRARY TABLE. or We have received a little shilling volume from Messrs. Hutchinson & Co. which contains, brought together under the title of the first story, In Australian Wilds, tales by colonial authors, edited by Mr. Philip Mennell. The stories are by writers who, if not all of them born in the colonies, have had experience of colonial life. The scene of all the tales except one is laid in Australia, New Zealand, Canada. The first story is by Mr. Farjeon, the novelist, who was at one time a Victorian colonist and afterwards a journalist in New Zealand. Several of the others, almost as good, are by Mr. Haddon Chambers, but two of them have appeared before in magazines. Mr. Chambers is a colonist from New South Wales, and two of his stories are thoroughly colonial. The editor, Mr. Mennell, has a little sketch of Australian life which can hardly be called a story. Mr. Marriott Watson is a New Zealand author, and is represented by a clever sensational tale; while two other colonial writers also figure in the volume. It is somewhat unfortunate that the first story is a convict story, for English people at home are too much inclined still to look upon the Australian colonies as the homes of convicts or ex-convicts, while, as a fact, in Victoria, where the scene is laid, one may spend a lifetime without ever meeting with the convict's traces. The volume as a whole is decidedly interesting, and ought to have a wide circulation among those who are interested in sketches of colonial scenery and those who like sensational stories. Industrial Education. By Sir Philip Magnus. (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.) - Sir Philip Magnus 9 has during the last decade written many articles and made many speeches on the important though now somewhat dreary theme of education in its developments. By carefully selecting and skilfully compiling these he has produced a really readable volume, not only interesting in respect of matter, but pleasing in style. 'Industrial Education' comprises the much discussed, but still indeterminate, if not indeterminable thing, "technical education," as well as "commercial education," which is much more definite. Whether or not we adopt the doubtful etymology by which education is made to mean a "drawing out" of the faculties, and little more, it is clear, as Sir Philip Magnus states, that until the present time the disciplinary value of schools and schooling has been mainly, if not exclusively regarded; and throughout these chapters the drift of the author's contention is that to the individual as well as to the state "useful" are more important than "disciplinary" studies. The attempt is made to show the disciplinary advantage of the modern side of teaching, and in theory, at any rate, the point may be conceded; but we believe that owing to unwise methods of instruction in sciences and modern languages, and to the strange lack of technical skill in the teachers, it will be long before many really educated persons be the outcome of the newer training. Indeed, passages abound throughout the volume showing that the writer describes rather what he desires than what he finds. The instruction given to children in our public elementary schools, although good of its kind-a meagre mechanical kind-is sadly insufficient, and, as is pointed out, wanting in practical usefulness to the little gamin who, under the influence of the dreaded attendance officer, is made to receive it. Sir Philip Magnus sees the remedy in further modification of the regulations of the Education Department and of the authorities at South Kensington-in fact, in further changes and enlargements of the machinery to the worship of which Matthew Arnold showed us as a nation to be so strongly addicted. Something may doubtless be effected by departmental changes, but the real remedy will be in a bettering of the personnel of the schoolmaster's profession. Any one who is much in the average state-aided school cannot, unless he be one of the teachers in it, fail to observe how very little of anything is really taught by the masters or learned by the scholars. To teach the elements of any subject with real efficiency a more comprehensive knowledge of it is necessary than is possessed by a large proportion of our certificated teachers; and without efficient and interesting teaching the average English boy as we find him in every-day village or town life, and with no inherited habit of school attendance, plays truant either in body or mind, and is not much impressed in his passage through the standards. Between primary schools and the well-known first-grade schools of the country there is a scholastic wilderness, in which some few boys are well trained, but in which most get very little exercise either in "disciplinary" or "useful" learning. Sir Philip Magnus compares this region with the carefully arranged and judiciously organized schemes of intermediate instruction abroad. The descriptions of the educational systems of other countries are most suggestive, and no doubt are strongly in favour of the demand for a Minister of Education. The chapter devoted to commercial education merits careful perusal by all who fear, or even observe, the ever-increasing immigration of foreign, notably German clerks. In this department of instruction we are strangely and lamentably behind our foreign competitors. What is absolutely necessary to equip our clerks for the struggle for existence, which grows keener and more deadly every day, is shown by precept and example; for Sir Philip Magnus describes in much detail the commercial schools of Paris, Antwerp, Prague, and Vienna, and, by way of enforcing his arguments, quotes Mr. Walter Besant's descrip tion of the German clerk, the bare enumeration of whose qualifications must well-nigh prostrate any nineteenth century Dick Whittington within hearing of the great bell of St. Paul's. In Dressed Game and Poultry à la Mode (Longmans & Co.) Mrs. De Salis continues that series of handy books in which she is collecting, with perfect impartiality, the receipts of Spanish, French, Italian, German, and even Irish kitchens. We can confidently recommend those of our readers who possess that treasure a good cook to make trial of those contained in the present volume, which keeps up the cosmopolitan character of its predecessors. But we would as heartily warn them that without the good cook the best chosen and best edited receipts are only a deception and a snare. We have received from Messrs. Macmillan & Co. one of the most useful of books of reference, the Statesman's Year-Book. The issue for 1889 is edited by Mr. Scott Keltie, who has now been responsible for the work for several years, and who has much improved it. This year we can discover no mistakes. We have to thank Messrs. W. H. Allen & Co. for the Civil Service Directory, which we think will be a useful annual work. We have tested it in various modes, and have found a few misprints in initials, but no serious blunders. We have also received from the same firm the Royal Kalendar, which is rather an old-fashioned work. In this a good many mistakes are beginning to creep in, and it stands in need of revision. FROM Messrs. Cassell & Co. comes the Metropolitan Year - Book, the first issue of a volume which will no doubt become useful as it becomes known. We have noticed errors in it, as was to be expected in the first issue of such a volume, for which it is not easy to find pre-existing sources of reference. The list of clubs is imperfect, and a number of such institutions appear to have slipped through between two lists, being neither included in the list of social clubs nor in that of working men's clubs. The statement as to the number of vestrymen does not appear to be in accord with legislation that is, with the Metropolis Local Management Act. In the case of the parish of Kensington we notice that the name of the clerk to the vestry has been given in place of that of the vestry clerk, the latter being the officer intended. The Lock to Lock Times appears to have been omitted in the very full list of weekly papers, although it has more metropolitan interest than a great number of those included. We welcome the appearance of this volume, because it is certain to be improved and to become as useful in every department as its map and some of its information already make it in a certain degree. We should advise the omission of all the information which can be readily found in other works, and that the book should be confined in future to that purely metropolitan information which is hard to discover elsewhere, and which might be greatly extended. THE admirable statistics of the Victorian Colonial Government and the great services to the colony and to the statistical world of the Government statist at Melbourne, Mr. Hayter, are well known. In this fifteenth year of issue the Victorian Year-Book (Melbourne, Government Printing Office) is being printed in subdivisions, and we have just received the second volume, which deals with interchange, production, law, and crime. Lappiske Eventyr og Folkesagn, "ved J. Quigstad og G. Sandberg, med en Indledning af Prof. Moltke Moe," comes to us from M. Cammermeyer, of Christiania. The thanks of all folk-lorists are due to MM. Quigstad and Sandberg for their Norse translation of a most valu able collection of Lapp popular tales. Very quaint, full of interesting references to the life led among Arctic snows by the Lapp reciters, and rich in illustrations of the superstitions religiously preserved by a race which has always been supposed to have power over various forces of nature, are the stories which the two learned Norwegians have collected among the Northern neighbours of the Russians and the Swedes, and to which an excellent introduction has been prefixed by Prof. Moltke Moe, himself a most accomplished scholar, and, moreover, the son of the Bishop Jörgen Moe who assisted Asbjörnsen in the compilation of the Norse work of which the spirited English translation by Sir George Dasent, under the title of 'Popular Tales from the Norse,' became well known in this country some thirty years ago. We have received the first Reports of the free libraries at Chelsea and Clerkenwell, and also the Report of the Halifax Library, which covers the two years 1887 and 1888. At Chelsea and Clerkenwell much progress has been made in the way of collecting books, and Lord Cadogan in the former parish, and the Skinners in the latter, have presented sites for buildings. The report from Halifax is in every way satisfactory. We have on our table Eccentric Personages, by W. Russell, LL.D. (Avery), - Remarkable Sayings of Remarkable Queens, by E. F. Cobby (Stock), - Microscopical Physiography of the Rockmaking Minerals, by H. Rosenbusch (Trübner), - The Fragments of the Works of Heraclitus of Ephesus on Nature, translated from the Greek, with an Introduction, by G. T. W. Patrick (Baltimore, U.S., Murray), - Hunting in Hard Times, by G. Bowers (Chapman & Hall), -Free Trade under Protection, by R. Gill (Blackwood), - The Last Von Reckenburg, by Louise von Francois, translated by J. M. Percival (A. Gardner), Lionel Harcourt, the Etonian, by G. E. Wyatt (Nelson), - Lost in Ceylon, by W. Dalton (Griffith & Farran), -The Crime of the Golden Gully, by G. Rock (Spencer Blackett), - Fannette, by J. W. Southern (Salisbury), - The Golden Woof, by Mrs. Isla Sitwell (Nelson), - The Queen's Token, by Mrs. Cashel Hoey (Spencer Blackett), - The Theory of Theatrical Dancing, with a Chapter on Pantomime, edited by Stewart D. Headlam (Verinder), -Speech Studies, by Е. Drew (Dean), Moody Moments, Poems, by E. Doyle (New York, Ketcham & Doyle), - The Story of the Kings of Rome in Verse, by the Hon. G. Denman (Trübner), -A Dream-Alphabet, and other Poems (Smith & Elder), -Schiller's Maid of Orleans, translated into English metre by Major-General Patrick Maxwell (Nutt), Wagner's Parsifal, a Study, by A. Gurney (Kegan Paul), Through Samaria to Galilee and the Jordan, by J. L. Porter, D.D. (Nelson), The Biblical Illustrator: Galatians, by the Rev. J. S. Exell (Nisbet), -Country Sermons, by the late Rev. A. C. Bishop (Rider), -The True Life, and other Sermons, by R. Eyton (Kegan Paul), Revendication de la Priorité de la Découverte des Vaccins du Choléra Asiatique, by Dr. D. J. Ferrán (Barcelona, Ramirez), - Du Danube à la Baltique, by G. Thomas (Paris, Berger-Levrault & Co.), — Histoire des Institutions Politiques de l'Ancienne France, by Fustel de Coulanges (Paris, Hachette), -Codex f 2 Corbeiensis, edited by J. Belsheim (Christiania, Aschehoug), -Esquisses et Impressions, by Paul Desjardins (Paris, Lecène & Oudin), and Cynewulfs Elene mit einem Glossar, edited by J. Zupitza (Berlin, Weidmann). Among New Editions we have A Guide to Trinidad, by J. H. Collens (Stock), - Alberuni's India, by Dr. Edward C. Sachau, 2 vols. (Trübner), Grimm's Teutonic Mythology, by James S. Stallybrass, Vols. I. and IV. (Bell), - The History and Fate of Sacrilege, by Sir Henry Spelman, edited by S. J. Eales (Hodges), Traditions of Covenanters, by the late Rev. R. Simpson, D.D. (Edinburgh, Gall & Inglis), -De Quincey, by David Masson (Macmillan), -David Westren, by A. Hayes (Simpkin), - The Blowpipe in Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology, by Lieut. Col. W. A. Ross (Lockwood), and Charles Lamb, by A. Ainger (Macmillan). the LIST OF NEW BOOKS. ENGLISH, Barnett's (Rev. T. H.) The Strong and the Stronger, Read- Ridgeway's (Rev. C. J.) How to Prepare for Confirmation, 2/ cr. 8vo. 6/ cl. Law. Butterworth's (A. K.) Treatise on the Law relating to Rates Whittier's (J. G.) Works: Vol. 4, Personal Poems, &c., 6/cl. English Men of Action: Henry V., by A. J. Church, 2/6 cl. Revolution, cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl. Roberts's (W.) Earlier History of English Bookselling, 7/6 cl. Toynbee (A.), by F. C. Montague, 8vo. 2/6 cl. tory: Vol, 2, Mediæval, cr. 8vo. 12/6 cl. Crouch's (A. P.) Glimpses of Feverland, or a Cruise in West Jonathan and his Continent, by Max O'Rell and Jack Allyn, translated by Madame Blouët, cr. 8vo. 2/6 bds. Murray's (W. H. H.) Daylight Land, 8vo. 12/6 cl. Deland's (M.) John Ward, Preacher, 12mo. 2/ bds. IF Mr. Robert Roberts had looked in the Huth Catalogue he would have seen that the mistake of Lowndes as to "Fame's windy trump" had already been fully exposed and explained. Mr. Huth's copy originally belonged to Mr. George Smith, who inserted in it the following MS. note, which I transcribe from the catalogue : "Lowndes, in his 'Bibliographer's Manual,' says that this collection should end with ten lines, commencing 'Fame's windy trump,' &c. I am, however, informed by Mr. Thorpe that Lowndes was misled by finding these verses in a copy of the book belonging to Mr. Jolley, in which they had been accidentally inserted. The lines actually belong to Lloyd's Legend of Captain Jones,' and are explanatory of the frontispiece of that work, in which position I have myself seen them." The information here given was repeated in Mr. Locker-Lampson's catalogue, but it is satisfactory to hear of the existence of a copy of the book in which Kk8 exists and is blank. ALFRED W. POLLARD. THE following extract is from p. 84 of "A Calendar of the Shakespearean Rarities, Drawings, and Engravings preserved at Hollingbury Copse, Brighton, that quaint wigwam on the Sussex Downs which has the honour of sheltering more record and artistic evidences connected with the personal history of the Great Dramatist than are to be found in any other of the World's libraries. 8vo. London. For special circulation and for presents only, 1887." This is the work in which is set out a detailed list of the rarities to be offered to the corporation of Birmingham for 7,000l. under the will of the late Mr. J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps, and the extract I think may interest not only your last week's correspondent, Mr. Robert Roberts, but Dreamer (A) of Dreams, a Modern Romance, by "Thoth," 6/ also Shakspearean students generally : "283. Ethel Granville, by Euphrosina, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. Eve, by the Author of John Herring,' cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl. Fenn's (G. M.) This Man's Wife, cr. 8vo. 2/ bds. Haggard's (H. R.) Col. Quaritch, V.C., a Tale of Country Life, cr. 8vo. 6/ cl. Halse's (G.) Graham Aspen, Painter, a Novel, 2 vols. 21/ cl. Life of Anthony M. Haltoun, Esq., cr. 8vo. 6/ cl. Lloyd's (Rev. S.) The Government of Ireland, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. Play (A) upon People, cr. 8vo. 5/ cl. Tolstoi's (Count L. N.) My Religion, tr. by H. Smith, 2/6 cl. sance, 8vo. 7/6 cl. Warner's (8.) My Desire; Nobody, 12mo. 2/ each, cl. England's Parnassus, or the choysest Flowers of Yonge's (C. M.) The Three Brides, cheap edition, cr. 8vo. 3/6 Museum, it has not the verses commencing History and Biography. Fame's windy trump,' which have been said, I am sure erroneously, to form a genuine portion of the work." The late Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps also had in his library, and I, as the legatee thereof, now have on my shelves, a gorgeously bound portion Darimon (A.): Les Cent Seize et le Ministère du 2 Janvier ❘ of the book the subject of this letter, and inside the cover he had pasted a memorandum as REFERRING to Mr. Robert Roberts's letter concerning 'England's Parnassus' in your last issue, we may mention that we have a copy of the work which agrees in all respects with that described by Mr. Roberts as unique. 6 ELLIS & ELVEY. DEFOE AND THE MEMOIRS OF CAPTAIN CARLETON.' 3, Alexandra Terrace, Eastbourne, Feb. 23, 1889. In your review of Mr. Gosse's 'History of Eighteenth Century Literature' in the Atheneum of February 16th allusion is made to the 'Memoirs of Captain Carleton,' and the writer expresses his belief that this work was written by Defoe. Reference is also made to my recent history of the 'War of the Succession in Spain,' to the appendix therein commenting on these Memoirs,' and to the criticism thereon in your impression of August 25th, 1888. Since, in the remarks adverted to, I left myself but little space to deal with the question of Defoe's supposed authorship of the Memoirs,' perhaps you will now allow me to supplement what I did write on that subject by a few additional notes, and these I would beg to preface by stating that the nine pages devoted in my book to the Carleton mystery formed the condensation of no fewer than 170 originally allotted to the matter, and written fair for the press, whilst the whole work was a compression of the original MS. to about one-third of its size. As regards Defoe, I had quoted, among others, the opinions of Wilson, Lowndes, Lockhart, Mr. Wyon, and Dr. George Craik, all of whom had advocated the claims of the author of the 'Memoirs of a Cavalier' to be considered as the writer of those of Capt. Carleton. This school of Carletonians, if I may so denominate them, of whom Hazlitt, Tegg, and Bohn, in their editions of Defoe's works, were the practical exponents, was founded by Wilson as lately as 1830; and from a perusal of the passage in which he gives the reasons for his opinion it will be seen that they are based solely on the general internal resemblance that he conceived to exist between these two sets of "Memoirs." To arrive at the truth by dint of literary or historical researches never seems to have entered his head, and in this respect there is a striking similarity between his conduct and that in 1809 of Sir Walter Scott (he was then Mr. Scott), the father of the opposite and more numerous school, which treated the Carleton narrative as the authentic account of a deserving but impoverished veteran. From their respective followers these two leaders appear to have received that meed of admiration which consists in rigid imitation, for not one of them-whether critics like Lockhart, "Beta" in Notes and Queries, Mr. Lee, Dr. Burton, and the late Rev. Alexander Napier; bibliographers like Watt and Lowndes; historians like Coxe, Stanhope, Macaulay, Wallace, and Dyer; or biographers like Gleig and Warburton-seems to have considered that the subject needed or merited any personal literary trouble before enunciating an opinion on it. That men of the calibre of Lord Stanhope and Lord Macaulay-who were actually trustees of the British Museum, and moreover could probably have obtained ready access to every other collection of MSS. in the kingdom making proper investigations into a matter on which they so unhesitatingly and decidedly published their ideas is, I think, one of the curiosities of modern English literature. On the other hand, though the Defoeists had as little solid grounds for denying altogether the personality of Capt. Carleton, yet there is no doubt that they were infinitely nearer the truth; for my researches have made it absolutely certain that in point of history the Memoirs' of this officer are sheer fiction. Moreover, that in this light they were treated during the eighteenth century is rendered, I think, conclusive by a new and this book in my collection, No. 283. The pre--should have deliberately abstained from sent fragment, taken from a very imperfect copy, I do not make any remarks relative to these important piece of testimony which I have only lately come across. This corroborative evidence is furnished by "A General Catalogue of Books in all Languages, Arts and Sciences, printed in Great Britain and published in London from the year 1700 to 1786. Classified under the several branches of literature...... London. Printed for W. Bent, Paternoster Row, 1786." In this bibliography (the oldest of the kind I have been able to find) at p. 17, under the head of "Novels and Romances," is the following work: "Carlton (Capt. George), Memoirs of, 8vo. 4s." Previously to 1786 the last issue of the book was in 1743, and the price was the same as that just quoted; hence it is probable that the entry referred to the edition of 1743, and that ever since that year the work had been openly sold as a romance. The broad outcome of my own scrutiny into the Carleton question lies, I think, in an establishment of the two great facts that the professed author of the 'Memoirs' was a living, cashiered officer who actually was personally engaged (though wholly as a volunteer) in some of the operations in which he professes to have taken part; and secondly, that the general accounts of all these actions, together with some vital statements as to his own career, are intentionally untrue. Thus I am not in accordance with those who, like your reviewer, consider the 'Memoirs' mainly in the light of a harmless historical romance emanating from the pen of Defoe; and I would even venture to submit that if the aspect from which my researches force me to view the 'Memoirs' be a correct one, it is distinctly derogatory to the memory of the creator of 'Robinson Crusoe' to associate him with a work like that under consideration. Are these admirers of Defoe aware that the concoction which they wish to attribute to his genius is a mass of calumny on naval and military officers of the most distinguished character? Let me cite merely one instance. Major Charles Perceval, of Montandre's foot, is accused of having in 1708, when governor of Denia Castle, and whilst the fortress was closely besieged by the French and Spaniards, first appropriated all the public money in the place on which he could lay hands, and then, after making a secret special capitulation in regard to his own safety and that of his stolen treasure, of having disgracefully yielded up the castle and garrison to the enemy. Now, by means of a careful examination of the Richards papers in the Stowe collection of the British Museum, assisted by the valuable private MSS. in the possession of Lord Egmont, and supported by contemporary printed records, it has been my good fortune to wipe off this foul slur from the reputation of the ancient Perceval family, and to prove incontrovertibly that the Carleton versions of the sieges of Denia -both the one mentioned above, and the preceding one in 1707, where Major Perceval made a splendid and successful defence-are a tissue of artistic, villainous falsehoods from beginning to end. Would an honest man like Defoe have degraded himself to write such garbage? As a matter of fact, did Defoe in any of his known writings malign or asperse the persons he mentions? Was he addicted to the publication of lampoons? Were not insinuation and depreciation elements quite foreign to his sturdy, manly, independent nature? But even putting aside altogether that feature of satirical innuendo which characterizes the 'Memoirs,' how do believers in Defoe's authorship get over the difficulty formed by the fact that the whole book is permeated with classical allusions and Latin scraps? This alone seems to me sufficient to put Defoe out of court. Again, would the sincere convictions on sacred matters entertained by Defoe have ever permitted him to make game of religion in the manner repeatedly employed in the 'Memoirs'? Moreover, was Defoe-an admirer of the great Marlborough and of military men in general, as also a staunch Whig-a man likely to lend himself to any undertaking whose essence is the glorification of the amateur warrior Peterborough, one of Marlborough's chief Tory opponents, coupled with intense irony and sarcasm levelled at all regular army officers? There is no evidence that Defoe ever had the slightest communication with Peterborough, and surely no one who has read the 'Memoirs' can doubt that, whoever wrote them, Peterborough was their inspirer. But the whole style of the work is completely opposed to the plain, downright, practical nature of Defoe's fictions, which are anything but witty or satirical; whereas the easy strain of wit and delicate vein of irony which pervade the 'Memoirs' are, I think, palpable even to a superficial reader. Let any literary expert, however, critically read 'Gulliver's Travels,' and immediately afterwards Carleton's 'Memoirs'; and let him then give his conscientious impressions as to the probability of the two works having been written by the same hand. If this advice be adopted, I am inclined to think that my own views on the matter will not be without many advocates, and that the Defoe theory will be almost untenable. In conclusion, I cherish a hope that, sooner or later, I shall be enabled to place before the world my full researches on the question of the authorship of the Carleton 'Memoirs,' and till then I doubt if justice can readily be done to that side of the case which I have been led to uphold. ARTHUR PARNELL. *** It is not quite clear if Col. Parnell thinks that "a living, cashiered officer " or Swift was the author of Capt. Carleton's 'Memoirs,' but in his book he declared, if we remember rightly, that Swift was the author. Col. Parnell's own researches appear to us to show that the errors in the work, even if intentional, as suggested, are not such as would have been made by a military man. On the other hand, we are asked to believe that Swift wrote the 'Memoirs' because Peterborough "was their inspirer," and because any expert who reads 'Gulliver's Travels and Carleton's 'Memoirs' must see the probability of the two works having been written by the same hand. We are not impressed by either of these theories. It was unlike Peterborough to be guilty of such a treacherous action, and we can trace no resemblance between the 'Memoirs' and 'Gulliver's Travels.' Col. Parnell's knowledge and careful study of the subject give him some claims to pronounce on the authorship of the 'Memoirs'; but when he supports his opinion by arguments based on Defoe's honesty and independent nature it is impossible to reason any longer with him. To speak of a writer as an "honest man," and a "staunch Whig," who was the paid hireling first of Godolphin and afterwards of Harley, and - 'Two Kings of Uganda; or, Life by the Shores of the Victoria Nyanza,' by Mr. R. P. Ashe, 'Memorable London Houses: a Handy Guide,' by Mr. Wilmott Harrison, - 'Travel-Tide,' by Mr. St. Clair Baddeley, - ' Through Atolls and Islands in the South Seas,' by Mr. F. J. Moss, 'The History of Wool and Woolcombing,' by Mr. James Burnley, -'Naturalistic Photography for Students of the Art,' by Dr. P. H. Emerson, -'Ammonia and Ammonium Compounds,' a practical manual for manufacturers, chemists, gas engineers, and drysalters, by Dr. R. Arnold, translated from the German by Dr. H. G. Colman, 'Glimpses of Feverland; or, a Cruise in West African Waters,' by Mr. A. P. Crouch, - ' Illustrated Manual of Swedish Drill,' by Mr. G. L. Mélio, -'A History of French Painting from its Earliest to its Latest Practice,' by Mr. C. H. Stranahan, -'Wee Folk, Good Folk: a Fantasy,' by Miss E. M. Wilmot-Buxton, -' What Must I Do to Get Well? and How can I Keep So?' by One who has Done It, - 'The Story of a Poodle, by Himself and his Mistress: a Book for Children,' by Miss L. D. Thornton, - 'The Tragedy of Faustus,' by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, literally translated by Mr. A. H. Huth, - 'The Earlier History of English Bookselling,' by Mr. W. Roberts, - A History of the United States and its People,' for the use of schools, by Mr. E. Eggleston, - and the following new novels: 'The Penance of John Logan,' and two other stories, by William Black, - 'The Vasty Deep: a Strange Story of To-day,' by Mr. Stuart Cumberland, 'The Despot of Broomsedge Cove,' by C. E. Craddock, - 'Passe-Rose,' by Prof. A. S. Hardy, and 'Prince Maskiloff: a Romance of Modern Oxford,' by Roy Tellet. The same firm promise a new and cheaper edition of the sea stories of Mr. Clark Russell. 3, Pen-y-wern Road, S.W., Feb. 13, 1889. MY DEAR DR. SMITH,-In your recent biography of 'Stephen Hislop, Pioneer Missionary and Naturalist in Central India,' occurs the following passage: "Even long after the Mutiny, Viceroys so strong and clear-sighted as Lord Lawrence himself refused who in later days betrayed his party successively the urgent request of Chief Commissioners so wise to Lord Townshend and Lord Stanhope, is exceeding the bounds of serious controversy. THE SPRING PUBLISHING SEASON. as Sir Arthur Phayre to be spared the humiliation of making the slavish prostration called kotow to the King of Upper Burma, as to a divinity" (p. 104). In this statement there is a misapprehension of fact, which urgently demands correction. No such prostration, no prostration of any kind, was ever made or required on the part of British officers at the Court of Burma, anyhow in modern times. The taking off shoes and the sitting on a carpet without chairs was exacted indeed, but nothing beyond. The whole proceeding in detail is related in my narrative of Major Phayre's mission of 1855, pp. 7987. No such phrase as kotow is known in Burma any more than in England; nor is the thing, which in China implies prostration with repeated striking of the forehead on the ground. MESSRS. SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & Co.'s first list of spring announcements includes 'Reminiscences of a Boyhood in the Early Part of the Century,' a new story by an old hand,- 'The British Empire,' with essays on Lord Palmerston, Lord Beaconsfield, Prince Albert, &c., by Dr. F. H. Geffcken, translated from the German by Mr. MacMullan, -' Bruntie's Diary: a Tour round the World,' by C. E. B.,-'Emerson in Concord: a Memoir,' by Mr. E. Waldo Emerson, -' The Tragedie of Macbeth,' with twentyfive entirely new copper-plate etchings, by Mr. Moyr Smith, from the 1623 folio edition, 'Journal of Voyage of H.M.S. Enterprise in Search of Sir John Franklin,' as recorded by Admiral Sir R. Collinson, with introduction by Major-General Collinson, - 'Dry-Fly Fishing in Theory and Practice,' by Mr. F. M. Halford, F.L.S., - ' Half a Century of Australasian Progress,' by Mr. W. Westgarth, - 'The Twelve Years' Reign of H.I.M. Abdul Hamid II., Sultan of Turkey,' by the Princess Annie de Lusignan, | Genève, 1884) astonished the world of biblio The misrepresentations, so frequent lately, of acts of the Indian Government render it important that the present one should be corrected promptly. I may observe that a like statement was made some years ago in some official or quasi-official document written in India, and that I then contradicted it. Believe me yours very truly, H. YULE. G. Smith, Esq., C.I.E., LL.D. WATER-MARKS. Four years ago M. C. M. Briquet ('La Légende Paléographique du Papier de Coton,' |