on one occasion by a detachment of regular soldiers, evidently fine honest fellows notwithstanding their melodramatic appearance. On other occasions he owed his safety to the firmness and friendly disposition of the local authorities, whose enlightened courtesy and considerate kindness the author, while acknowledging, does not seem to have thought specially remarkable. Yet all the circumstances considered, the conduct of these officials is the most striking and noteworthy fact of the journey.

That a pleasant, unassuming tone and good taste pervade the book will be already inferred, we hope, from what we have said of it. It contains several American words and phrases, which, bearing Mr. Andrew Lang's recent utterance in mind, we forbear to criticize. They may be genuine old "Anglo-Saxon." But we may call attention to the careless misspelling of many names of places and other Oriental terms; and we must not omit a word in praise of the slight, but clever and spirited illustra

tions.

Napoleon at St. Helena. By Barry Edward O'Meara. 2 vols. (Bentley & Son.)

THE great Napoleon breathed his last as the evening gun announced sunset at St. Helena on the 5th of May, 1821.

Smile for the fetter'd eagle breaks his chain,
And higher worlds than this are his again.

"The paltry gaoler and the prying spy," as Byron termed Sir Hudson Lowe, returned to England a few weeks after the death of his illustrious prisoner, and a year later, in July, 1822, appeared O'Meara's famous volumes. Intense curiosity, followed by much indignation, especially among the Whigs, against the Liverpool Cabinet and its agent, was excited by this "bold statement" of the "stiff surgeon who lost his place and gain'd the world's applause." The book ran through five editions within a twelvemonth, and the reputation of Sir Hudson Lowe never recovered from the blow. Yet at as early a date as possible the Quarterly Review took up the cudgels in defence of the agent of Lord Liverpool, and an article appeared in October, 1822, vituperating O'Meara, taunting him with espionage, and charging him with falsification of original statements; but in spite of the Quarterly's invectives, Sir Hudson Lowe suffered terribly, and failed to obtain either legal redress or official vindication. He was left in the lurch by his own Government, and he ultimately died in straitened circumstances at an advanced age-outliving, however, his accuser, or, as the Tories said, his calumniator, by some eight years.

It was not until nine years after Lowe's death that the publisher of the Quarterly brought out the three substantial volumes intended to render justice to the memory and conduct of the late Governor of St. Helena. Mr. William Forsyth took up the brief, and a most exhaustive and interesting treatise was the result of his labours; but in spite of Mr. Forsyth's able advocacy the popular verdict remained unchanged. Sir Walter Scott and Sir Archibald Alison, both Tories of the school of Castlereagh, had pronounced against Lowe, and their decision has been acquiesced in by most people

who are not partisans. Besides, Mr. Forsyth had to admit that while Napoleon was on the most friendly terms with Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm he detested Sir Hudson; that Sir Hudson declined the good offices of Sir Pulteney to reconcile him with the Emperor; that the governor differed from the admiral; and that Lord Liverpool refused him a pension. The reputation of an unpopular man was in some degree, perhaps, whitewashed, but an unforeseen effect was produced by Forsyth's 'History of the Captivity of Napoleon.' This was the diversion of a portion of the obloquy from the shoulders of Hudson Lowe on to those of another high official. The publication of the correspondence of an Admiralty clerk named Finlaison with O'Meara and John Wilson Croker transferred, morally at least, the epithets bestowed by the Quarterly reviewer to the writer of the article himself; for it turned out that the man who denounced Surgeon O'Meara to the Tory review was none other than Mr. Secretary

Croker himself.

According to the Quarterly, the 'Voice from St. Helena' formed one of a series of successive publications designed by Napoleon to maintain the hopes of the Bonapartists throughout Europe. First came the 'Letters' of Warden, then Santini's 'Appeal to Europe' and the letter by Montholon, followed by Las Cases's 'Letters from the Cape of Good Hope,' and O'Meara's Ninth Chapter,' containing Napoleon's account of the battle of Waterloo. Afterwards we are told :

silence at their journals, anxious no doubt to "Las Cases and O'Meara were working in bring them out in due succession; when, alas! the death of Buonaparte destroyed at once the order and the object of the latter part of the march, and O'Meara, Las Cases, Gourgaud, and Montholon had nothing left but - occupet extremum scabies!-to rush to the press pêle-mêle, and to endeavour by rival puffs to excite, each towards his own work, the public attention, and to draw, each to his own pocket, the public contribution."

After the Secretary of the Admiralty had been identified with the writer of the articles against the Bonapartist propaganda, the article in the Quarterly was read in an entirely new light. O'Meara was no saint-far

from it; some of his actions were, to say the

least of them, shady. The story of his self

contradictions, of his inconsistencies, of his

lack of truth, his want of good faith and

manifest ill-breeding, could have been ex

posed without malignity, spite, and misrepresentation on the part of the official and reviewer, whose double-dealing stood revealed, and whose lack of faith also was worse, because less excusable, than that of his victim.

It is easy to give instances. O'Meara had to leave the army because he had acted as a second in a duel-no very heinous offence in those days; yet Croker, who had the official records open to him, avoided naming this real reason, but hinted that a much grosser crime had been committed. O'Meara had stated in an official letter that the governor had made to him "observations upon the benefit which would result to Europe from the death of Napoleon, of

which event he spoke in a manner which, considering his situation and mine, was peculiarly distressing to me." It was for this insinuation of a calumnious falsehood that O'Meara's name was erased from the list of naval surgeons by order of the Lords of the Admiralty; and the official letter is quoted by the reviewer, who, after expressing a certain amount of doubt as to its authenticity, concludes that it is a real document, when it actually bore his own signature, J. W. Croker.

In the preface to the 'Voice' it is stated by the author that

"immediately on retiring from Napoleon's presence I hurried to my chamber, and carefully committed to paper the topics of the conversation, with, so far as I could, the exact words used!"

Commenting on this, the reviewer writes :"The baseness of such an act is scarcely surpassed by the folly of such a confession! But even this is not all. In several places of the book O'Meara boasts that he communicated these conversations to official persons in England. ......Mr. O'Meara may, perhaps, affect to see some difference between being a spy for the governor, and a spy for his official friends in England, or for the booksellers; but even this paltry subterfuge we shall not allow him; we shall show that, after all his rant about principles and honour, he volunteered to be a SPY to the governor himself, and consummated his duplicity by forcing on Sir Hudson Lowe his reports not only of what passed amongst the men at Longwood, but even interlarded the details, relative

to his female patients, with sneers and sarcasms of the lowest kind."

But who was it, after all, who encouraged O'Meara in this espionage? Who was the capo di spioni (director of spies) in this case? The reviewer quotes the lines :Even-handed justice

Commends the ingredients of his poisoned chalice To his own lips.

They may be applied to himself; for let us read the following from Mr. Finlaison, clerk at the Admiralty, to O'Meara at St. Helena:

"Your letters of the 16th of March and 22nd of April came duly to hand, and furnished a real feast to some very great folks here. I also received a letter from you on your first arrival, which was considered very interesting; not a line of anything you have written to me since

you sailed was ever made public. The moment your letters came they were given to Mr. Croker, circulated copies among the Cabinet Ministers and he desires me to assure you that they never have been, nor shall they ever hereafter be seen by

who considered them extremely interesting, and

any other person...... Mr. Croker sent for me, and

desired me to request you to be careful in respect to your private letters to any other person, as everything now-a-days gets into the papers; but to me he repeated his hopes that you would write in full confidence, and in the utmost possible detail, all the anecdotes you can pick up, resting assured that none but the Government ever will see them, and to them they are and must be

extremely interesting as showing the personal feelings of your great state prisoner." - Forsyth's 'Captivity,' vol. i. p. 301.

Now, the same gentleman who promised that O'Meara's letters, detailed and confidential, should never hereafter be seen by any other person, offers, in the pages of the Quarterly, to produce them to those most concerned :

"The letters, which our pen refuses to copy, are lying before us, and shall be communicated to Counts Bertrand and Montholon, if they ever condescend to take any notice of such unmanly alumnies." - Quart. Rev., vol. xxviii. p. 245.

In Croker's 'Correspondence' (vol. i. p. 89) we find him writing to the Père Elysée for the benefit of the royal family at the Tuileries: "L'homme de Ste. Hélène se

porte assez bien je dois plutôt dire trop bien." In August, 1816, this same gentleman wrote to Peel that "George Cockburn gives us no hope of Buonaparte's dying." These are the recorded sentiments of the Secretary of the Admiralty who was so horrified at the idea of charging an official with a wish to shorten the life of the ex-Emperor. This is the reviewer who was scandalized at the idea of a physician communicating the interviews with his patients.

The story of O'Meara is such an old story that there is no need to enter into any examination of the oft-repeated tale, its inaccuracies, its faults and details. The real interest of the present edition arises from the re-examination of the book in the light of subsequent revelations. The introduction, with the additional information concerning the lives of Surgeon O'Meara and Sir Hudson Lowe, and finally, the analytical indices, the Napoleonic calendar, and the list of the titles conferred by Napoleon I., together make up a work of reference which contains a good deal of matter in a compendious form. Nevertheless, in the notices of the companions of Napoleon in captivity, which we suppose we must attribute to Col. Phipps's pen, we cannot help observing some notable slips (for instance, in the account of Montholon), which cause us some disquietude as to the accuracy of the accompanying biographies. Thus Montholon was never in a dragoon regiment of the royal army. He was but a child when the Revolution began. He was (see the 'Bibliographie Générale') intended for the army, but entered the navy; he was wounded at Essling, not Jena; and he was only minister at Würzburg from 1811 to 1813. Col. Phipps promises us a more extended Napoleonic record, which we must hope to find more trustworthy.

Certain Tractates, together with the Book of Four Score Three Questions and a Translation of Vincentius Lirinensis. By Ninian Winzet. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index, by James King Hewison, M.A., Minister of Rothesay. (Edinburgh, Scottish Text Society.)

In any series of old Scottish classics the tracts of Ninian Winzet deserve a place. They have, indeed, been reprinted more than once. Bishop Keith, in the appendix to his history, printed all that he knew ofall, that is, but the fragment of 'The Last Blast of the Trompet,' of which only a few leaves are extant in the unique copy in the Edinburgh University Library. The Maitland Club reprinted the whole, accurately and sumptuously, in 1835. Nevertheless, the tracts are not known as they should be, and the Scottish Text Society did well to entrust to Mr. Hewison the task of preparing a new edition, with a fitting introduction and glossary. Winzet was a master of what he called "our auld braid Scottis," and he was proud of it. With amusing affectation he pretends that he cannot understand the Anglicized speech of John Knox, and so tells him: "Gif ze throw curiositie of novationis hes forzet our auld plane Scottis

quhilk zour mother lerit zou, in tymes cuming I sall write to zou my mynd in Latin, for I am nocht acquynted with zour Southeroun." He writes with more freedom and vigour, and with a vocabulary perhaps somewhat less English, than the author of 'Hamilton's Catechism,' and his invective is lively and pointed. Winzet's works, too, possess more than a literary interest. As a champion of the old faith in Scotland he occupied an almost unique position. When his bishops were showing a cowardice which was infectious, and the priests who had not gone over to the winning side were running away or in hiding, this simple Linlithgow schoolmaster was one of the handful of clergy who dared to withstand to the face the "patriarch of the Calviniane court." His three tractates were issued in Edinburgh, whither he had escaped after having been "expellit and schott out" of his "kyndly toun" where he had taught grammar for ten years. The first was in the nature of an appeal to the queen, the bishops, and nobility for "unfenzeit reformation of doctrine and maneris"; the second, a challenge to Knox; and the third, a protest to the magistrates of Edinburgh against their " seditious calking of the buith durris of certane catholiks" on Easter Monday, and putting a stop to the paschal functions (1562). The queen had forbidden public disputations on religion. Whether Winzet had obtained royal permission for his writings, as Mr. Hewison suggests, or not, his attempt to publish a fourth tract, The Last Blast,' was suddenly frustrated by a raid upon the press, and the capture of John Scot the printer. The printing was probably never completed. The five leaves now extant, however, contain title-page and preface, bearing date "ultimo Julii, 1562." Winzet made good his escape abroad. His 'Buke of the Four Scoir Thre Questions' was printed at Antwerp in October of the following year. His Latin treatises were published at Ingolstadt in 1582, some time after he had been made abbot of the Scottish Benedictine Monastery at Ratisbon.

The earlier tracts in the vernacular are

chiefly remarkable for the fearless and outspoken terms in which Winzet denounces the bishops and pastors of the old Church for their ignorance, avarice, and dissolute lives, which, in his opinion, were the main causes of the religious revolution. The chief clergy were "dumb doggis," exalting ceremonies only, and keeping in silence the true word of God. Their vanity, selfishness, and bodily lusts were fit food for the laughter of Turks and Jews. They seemed to think that their yearly rents were only given to them that every one "mot spend the samyn upon his dame Dalida and bastard browis." Yet these priests, says Winzet, were rightly ordained and had a divine mission; and so he turns derisively to his opponent and asks what his credentials are. True, he, Knox, had been ordained, and was once called "Schir Johne"; but now he despised and held as naught that ordination. Who, then, had given him authority to preach? It is hard to suppose that Knox was perplexed by such a question. But he avoided a paper controversy, and it is said that, when pressed upon the point, he angrily replied, "Buf, buf, man! we are anes entered, let us see quha dares put us out agane."

Winzet was an earnest and honest man, and, notwithstanding his occasional fierceness of language, he appears to have had a kindly nature, and withal was not destitute of humour. In the quaint asides to the reader or to his adversary with which he sprinkles his margins, we hear him chuckling with delight over his own smart hits. "John Knox," he exclaims, "quhat altar is this and quhat preist?" "Awa with ye!" "Fy on the apostate that refuseis this conditioun!" "Auhasa evir is a true Christian will cry this sentence on heicht without respect or perel." "Ha, ha! hald thair! wald ze confound also the order in heuin?” He lays down his pen reluctantly and plaintively with "Och, for mair paper or pennyis!" His learning has, however, been over-estimated. In that respect he cannot be compared with Sanders or Stapleton, his fellow exiles from England; nor in mental power or literary skill could he rival such men as Allen and Parsons. But among his Catholic countrymen, accustomed to priests who "scarce knew their alphabet," and "boasted that they did not know a word of the New Testament," the popular controversialist was regarded as a prodigy of erudition.

His

There has hitherto been but little written by way of a life of Winzet. Chambers's 'Dictionary' gave him no place. Mr. Gracie, in his preface to the Maitland Club edition of the tracts, put together a few biographical notes, which formed the substance of Irving's sketch in his 'Scottish Writers'; but neither of these biographers was acquainted with Bishop Lesley's 'Diary,' since published by the Bannatyne Club, which disclosed some most interesting details regarding a visit made by Winzet to England, in 1571, in obedience to a summons from Mary, who intended, it seems, to make him her confessor at Sheffield. Mr. Hewison has, by much diligent and praiseworthy research among inedited sources at home and abroad, brought to light fresh facts, and has been able upon doubtful points to offer some interesting conjectures. proposed identification of Ninian with a William Winzet, a graduate of Glasgow University, lacks probability. There is no sufficient reason suggested for William of Glasgow changing his name to Ninian at Linlithgow. It is true that a young seminarist at Rheims adopted in 1587 (probably for purposes of concealment) a new Christian name which he had just taken in confirmation; but was this a practice known in Scotland a generation earlier, or are there any instances at this date of a secular priest taking a new name at his ordination? These are questions upon which genealogists may have something to say. Meanwhile, William Winzet, after Ninian's departure from Edinburgh abroad, was indicted for having said mass at Glasgow, and at the date of the indictment was apparently in prison at St. Andrews. Again, we cannot accept Mr. Hewison's conclusion that the Scottish translation of Canisius's 'Catechism,' edited by Adam King, was the work of Winzet without further proof than the statement of Father Dalrymple. Winzet at least assured Knox that he would sign with his name every work he should write on matters of controversy. We may add that the letters "D. O. M.," over the epitaph of Winzet, do not signify, as the editor amusingly con

jectures, "Datur omnibus mori." A story is told of a monk insisting that the letters "I. O. M.," inscribed upon an old stone over the doorway of his monastery, stood for "Introitus omnium monachorum." "Jovi Optimo Maximo" did naturally not occur to the simple religious, but there should be nothing to surprise Mr. Hewison in this common form of superscription.

Great pains have been taken in the reproduction of the text. If there is a fault it is that the book is over-edited. It appears superfluous to crowd the foot-notes with variant readings from an incorrect transcript of one of the tracts; and as Mr. Hewison has most properly given in these same foot-notes his own corrections of, or variations from, the editio princeps, it is still more superfluous to print in italics any letters or syllables added by him to the text. This irritating eyesore, which may be necessary or convenient in the reproduction of a medieval manuscript, is entirely out of place in the reprint, for the second or third time, of a book originally sent to press under the author's own eye. Nor are all the editorial corrections, italicized or not, quite satisfactory. Melanchthon, for example, might have been left, as Winzet wrote it, without the ch. Zouthed, so spelt by many contemporaries of our author, need not have been corrected to Zouthhed.

Sabbaoth may have been one of the "palpable misspellings" which the editor felt bound to correct, but it should surely have been corrected not to Sabbath, but to Sabboth, the form used elsewhere by Winzet and a score of times in the carefully written Hamilton's Catechism.' Mr. Hewison has conveniently printed th for its obsolete re

presentative y (uthir, for instance, instead of Winzet's uyir). He has, however, left unchanged the equally obsolete and misleading z for y. Not only so, but in the introduction the editor has used his greater freedom to convert this z into the strangely fascinating form of the Anglo-Saxon g. We might as well introduce the digamma into our Greek Testaments. In one notable passage, by the way, "Sen ye speciall pray, that mony of thame huntis for, is an huir," the y in ye is, by an oversight, left unaltered. Such slight blemishes do not substantially detract from the general excellence of the work. They are noticed here with a view of suggesting that the Scottish Text Society, which is preparing materials for a scientific Scottish dictionary, should proceed in its editing upon a uniform plan. The society so far promises well, and its latest productions in prose, viz, Gau's 'Catechism' and this edition of Winzet, are solid contributions to the national literature and history.

type of street life, the bar-room life of the struggling literary men and actors, of the medical students and others who turn night into day; it describes, as a man only can describe, a David and Jonathan sort of friendship between men; and it contains a pretty love story. The gradual approximation between the self-denying, chivalrous sailor, who thinks his younger friend her favoured suitor, and the piquant, brightwitted Elma Valliant, the girl with the "little square chin," is well drawn. When he writes a letter to her to procure an invitation for his friend to her father's house at a time when Tom's health gives him cause for anxiety, she throws it into the fire:

""He is so stupid,' she whispered to the flames, with a very soft gleam in her eyes. 'I should like to write back to him a long letter, on two sheets, and all I should say would be: "I don't love Tom-I don't love Tom-I don't love Tom.","

The friendship between Sam Crozier and Tom Valliant is also delicately handledbetween the strong, steadfast sailor and singer, and the brilliant artist, who conceals beneath a careless, rather dissipated mask the consciousness that his days are numbered, and that he is in the grip of mortal disease. The reticence that comes between them on Elma's account, not marring their friendship, though limiting its expression, is the text of some good remarks on the value of "letting sleeping dogs lie." Among the characters distinctly drawn are that of Syra, the barmaid, a womanly woman in spite of the degradation of her surroundings, who deserved, but perhaps would not have desired, a better fate than

her tragically sudden death; and that of Willy Holdsworth, a good-for-nothing and a deserter from Crozier's ship, but not without his better points. Mr. Merriman's key-note, the "phantom future," indicates a rather pessimistic view of life; but he is old-fashioned enough to console the hero and heroine. With his saws and instances we are generally in accord. He is a little too fond of repeating the trifling mannerisms of his cha

racters. It would be difficult to count the

number of times Crozier "brushes away his moustache with a quick movement of the finger" - rathe "-rather a disagreeable habit.

Mr. Halse has brought no new materials to the making of his story. The hero is a poor and virtuous young man, who is alleged to have lofty ideas. His fundamental principle is "that truth is the first essential in art"-which does not prevent him from painting an evening scene with a distinct background, and shadows pointing the wrong way. But he has the grace to cut

his canvas into ribbons when the blemishes

of Messrs. Glare and Gooley, picture dealers; and of Messrs. Tangle and Wrench, solicitors.

American novels are like the climate of

New York: they are either very good or very bad. There is no temperate medium. The Philistines' is an instance of a strenuous endeavour to occupy a middle place; but though the author strives to imitate Mr. James and Mr. Howells he lands himself in the other class. He is analytical, inconsecutive, indeterminate, and rather clever; but he is unable to hold his reader's attention. Until he learns to efface himself he cannot hope to succeed in the difficult kind of novel which he affects. A novel with no central story and no heroine is possible, but not expedient. It may be that persons who are acquainted with Boston society of the day will be able to put the right names to Mr. Bates's characters, and in that case the book may have an ephemeral interest for Bostonians; from any other point of view the book appears only pretentious, badly constructed, and tedious.

'The Truth about Clement Ker,' which appears as one of "Arrowsmith's TwoShilling Series," does very well in such a place. It is presumably not intended for more than what used to be called a railway novel, and as it is readable and is rich in

cruelty and death, it fulfils its purpose. The clever author shows as heretofore much gift of description, and keeps expectation alive by suggestions of coming troubles; and the end is not disappointing. As the demand for novels goes on increasing and the supply

continues to decline in quality, 'The Truth about Clement Ker' is almost a meritorious piece of work.

It is a great pity that a writer who has M. Rabusson's gifts should employ them on writing a story so forced as 'L'Epousée'; but there are passages in this novel that give continued hope for his future, as, for example, this :

"Le brave médecin de campagne, -qui l'avait soigné, d'ailleurs, avec beaucoup de tact et d'intelligence, quoique avec une sollicitude un peu craintive, comme celle d'un horloger de

village à qui l'on a confié, pour la réparer, une

montre de luxe, -put se flatter bientôt d'avoir

remis son malade sur pied, et de lui avoir tout de bon rajusté la cervelle. 'Il y avait un peu de jeu, disait-il; mais je crois que ça tiendra maintenant."

AUSTRALIA.

Australia and the Empire. By A. Patchett Martin. (Edinburgh, Douglas.)

The Australian in London and America. By James Francis Hogan. (Ward & Downey.) The Australian Handbook for 1889. (Gordon & Gotch.)

THE first two works upon our list of three are

somewhat similar in construction and in the subjects of which they treat, but their authors hold widely opposite opinions. Mr. Patchett Martin will not like being bracketed with Mr. Hogan, and it is possible that Mr. Hogan will

return the compliment. Mr. Patchett Martin is, we suppose, a Liberal Unionist, and Mr. Hogan, we believe, a Home Ruler; but both write from the Australian point of view, and partly upon Australian subjects. Mr. Patchett Martin has a preface of too political a nature for discussion in the Atheneum, and in this preface he falls foul of Mr. Hogan. The body of his work consists of, first, a most interesting article upon Lord followed by one called 'Sir Harry Parkes in
England,' which relates that Australian politi-
cian's experiences of England very much in his
own words. We have then one upon the recep-
tion in Australia of Lord Beaconsfield's foreign
policy, and after this come to the most valuable
portion of the book-chapters on Australian de-
mocracy, the Australian view of Home Rule, the
position of the Irish in Australia, the education
question in Australia, and the subject of Im-
perial Federation. It is noticeable that Mr.
Patchett Martin, who is what may be called an
Imperialist, is opposed to Imperial Federation,
whereas Mr. Hogan, who is a Home Ruler,
follows the lines of Mr. Parnell's letter to Mr.
Rhodes and supports federation. Mr. Patchett
Martin agrees with Mr. Hogan very strongly
upon one point, namely, the importance of not
leaving the question of the choice of colonial
governors where it stands at the present time;
and this Australian writer, although an Im-
perialist, uses language which old-fashioned
English statesmen would be disposed to resent
as menacing, and to discredit as untrue. We
believe, however, that those who desire to see
things not as they would wish them to be, but
as they are, must accept the view that Mr. Pat-
chett Martin faithfully represents Australian
feeling upon most subjects, even when he states
that feeling in a form which would be thought
disagreeable in the Colonial Office and in the
House of Lords.

Mr. Hogan is more easy-going than Mr. Pat-
chett Martin, and his book, though readable, is
not so valuable. About half of it consists of
letters describing a voyage from Australia across
America to England. We then come to some
chapters about England for the benefit of
Australians, and then to three chapters in which
he deals with the same subjects which are dis-
cussed by Mr. Martin. The English chapters
contain one or two descriptions which are excel-
lent; for instance, those of Mr. Chamberlain's
style of speaking in the House of Commons, and
of the career of "Colonel The O'Gorman Mahon."
The chapters on foreign aggression in the Pacific,
on the Chinese in the colonies, and on the growth
of Australian nationalism are well worth read
ing; and the last chapter, although written, as
we have said, by a Home Ruler favourable to
Imperial Federation, really presents a view of
Australian feeling which, so far as it goes, is
almost exactly in accordance with the view
presented by Mr. Patchett Martin, who is a
Unionist who rejects Imperial Federation, and
who dislikes both the Irish Home Rulers in
general and Mr. Hogan in particular. This con-
currence in statement of fact between two authors

writing from such widely different standpoints
gives special and peculiar weight to the opinions
which they express, and it is for this reason that
we have noticed their works at the same time,
although we feel of each of them that his
friends will "pity the lad that is chained to
puir Davie."

Of the secondary points in Mr. Martin's book
we may specially mention his excellent little
incidental descriptions of the Premier and the
leader of the Opposition in Queensland; of Mr.
Higinbotham and Mr. Alfred Deakin, who have
declined British titles; and of Sir Robert Stout,
who called down a hornets' nest upon himself by
accepting one.

The third work upon our list is the issue for
the present year of the excellent 'Australian
Handbook,' which, although intended chiefly for
commercial men, contains much political and
general information about each of the southern
colonies, and will be found useful by the states-
man or the traveller.

OUR LIBRARY TABLE.

MR. R. W. FREE has had in Lux Benigna:
being the History of Orange Street Chapel (Whit-
tingham & Co.) rather an interesting story to
tell, as the chapel was originally occupied by the

of the well-known hymn, was the incumbent. A
little over a century ago it passed into the hands
of the Congregationalists. Mr. Free's intentions
are excellent; he is fair and liberal-minded; but
his literary skill is inconsiderable, and he wanders
a good deal from his proper theme.

MR. FISHER UNWIN sends us Indian Life,
Religious and Social, by Mr. John Campbell
Oman, an extremely interesting little volume,
containing the observations of one who has
seen a good deal of India upon the incidents
connected with the habits of the people and
with their chief creeds. We have seldom
come across a work more readable, and the
view of India presented by it is a truthful
one conveyed in pleasant form.

We have received from Messrs. Allen & Co.
the Civil Service Calendar for 1889, a book the
contents of which do not correspond to the title.
The work is a useful one for candidates for
Civil Service examinations, as it gives the re-
quirements for the various appointments and a
large choice of examination papers. Mr. Bussell,
the author, seems to have done his work well,
but it is a mistake to put forward on the title-
page that the book forms a "complete hand-

book and guide to the Civil Service." It is an
examination handbook and nothing else.

We have to thank Messrs. Harrison & Sons
for the Colonial Office List for 1889. The list
tends to become a less and less important part
of the volume every year, and the preliminary
part of the work, containing maps of all the
colonies and statistical information about them,
grows predominant. The volume as a whole
is very useful, and the information that it gives
cannot all of it be found by the reader for himself
elsewhere without consulting a very considerable
number of different books.

MESSRS. SABIN & DEXTER have sent us the
first two parts of Charles Dickens, by Pen and
Pencil, by Mr. F. G. Kitton. Dickens, though
he survived Thackeray by several years, was the
first to attract the attention of the collector as
distinguished from the reader, and for a long
time he seemed to have the field all to himself.
'Pickwick' in every variation, his forgotten
(indeed hardly ever known) plays, his early
anonymous and pseudonymous writings, his
letters, portraits, &c., have for years been eagerly
collected both here and in America, and have
been freely bought and sold for extravagant
prices. Lately there has been, judging from
the state of the book market, some reaction, and
now, although real rarities in exceptional state
or of exceptional interest command even higher
prices than formerly, the ordinary first editions
of his novels, which were published and pre-
served by tens of thousands, have, as was in-
evitable, fallen considerably in value. Contem-
poraneously with this decline there has been
a remarkable increase in the price of early edi-
tions of Thackeray's writings, about which and
the causes of which much might be written were
this the proper occasion. However, though
editions of Dickens's books longer no longer command
of necessity the unreasonable prices of a few
years ago, we question whether there has not
been among the English-speaking races an in-
crease rather than a decrease in the number of
his admirers. Indeed, the proposed issue of the
work the first and second parts of which we
have now to notice in itself tends to show that
this is the case. That a handsome quarto volume,
well printed on excellent paper, with over a
hundred illustrations, copper-plate and wood
engravings, many of them issued for the first
time, should be contemplated, and should be
issued in the not inconsiderable edition of
five hundred copies for England and five hun-
dred for America, at a cost of over 5l., shows the
faith of the publishers in the existence of an
aggravated form of hero-worship, though we are
inclined to think they will prove not to have
been mistaken. When we consider the care and

on the work, we are disposed to doubt whether
they might not have been more profitably be-
stowed otherwise; but this is the affair of
those concerned in its production. Mr. Kitton
is known through his 'Dickensiana' as a care-
ful compiler, and Mr. Sabin and Mr. Dexter,
the publishers, are known, the one as an ex-
perienced dealer in prints, the other as a great
authority on the peculiarities of the various
issues of Dickens's early writings. The book,
then, could not well be in better hands. We
are, indeed, somewhat disappointed with the
letterpress of the first part, which is greatly
made up-as was, perhaps, inevitable-of quo-
tations from Mr. Langton's 'Childhood and
Youth of Charles Dickens'; but the second
part shows an improvement, and the promise
of special contributions in future numbers by
several members of Dickens's family, and by
such men as his friends Mr. Luke Fildes and
Mr. E. Yates, leads us to expect that more
interesting matter may appear as the work
advances. In any event, however, the illus-
trations are likely to prove the principal attrac-
tions, and they could hardly be improved upon.
The most interesting in the first part is an
engraving from
miniature painted by
Miss Drummond (who, it is suggested, may
have been the unconscious sitter for the
character of Miss La Creevy) before the
days of 'Pickwick,' which appears with a pretty
drawing of a girl by Maclise as a remarque.
The suitability of this drawing is not apparent,
unless, as seems not unlikely, the model was one
of the Misses Hogarth. The best plate in the
second part is engraved from a pencil drawing
by A. J. Lane, A.E., belonging to the Queen,
representing Dickens as he appeared about the
year 1841. Among other portraits announced
for future parts are several, hitherto unpub-
lished, of the novelist, of his father and mother,
of his wife, and (most interesting of all, perhaps)
of her sister Miss Mary Hogarth, whose early
death, it will be remembered, caused a break
in the appearance of the monthly numbers of
'Pickwick.' Thus it will be seen that not col-
lectors only, but all admirers of Dickens's genius
should find much to interest them in future
numbers, which we hope to notice later on.

a

A TRANSLATION of The Temple of Gnidus, &c.,
by Montesquieu, with the original copper-plate
illustrations of Eisen and Le Barbier, has been
issued by Mr. Vizetelly. There are probably
few Englishmen who could assert any very sin-
cere admiration for 'Le Temple de Gnide' and
its appendices. They are curiosities as proceed-
ing from a man of extraordinary learning and
literary genius; they are curiosities also as illus-
trating the kind of triviality which for a time
charmed a great nation. But here their interest
pretty well ends. No one now can certainly trace,
and it would be a very strange person who, if
he could trace, would feel much interest in, the
"key" allusions to persons of quality which
gave this class of work half its attraction at the
time. The style and handling, though what
used to be called "free," are not so very fie-fie
after all; and the classical imagery and morality,
as of a Fénelon turned Voisenon, have a faded
finery, a musty perfume about them, which are
scarcely charming except to very peculiar tastes.
Still the book, considering its authorship, is
an undoubted curiosity, and a still more un-
doubted document in literary and social history.
It was quite worth reproducing (though it
would have been worth while to translate it
rather better if it was to be translated at all)
with its famous Eisen illustrations. Even these,
however, are not the most interesting of their
class. Eisen and his fellows were always best
when they worked on a very small scale, and
most of the plates to 'Le Temple de Gnide' are
full page, with figures of considerable size. This
diminishes the delicacy and brings out the absence
of nobility of the design. To compare, for
instance, Le Barbier's plate of the murder scene
in 'Arsaces and Ismenia' or Eisen's own of the serpents in the Cave of Jealousy with the little masterpieces of the 'Baisers,' is to go from a heroic play in the worst style of the Restoration to the best scenes of eighteenth century comedy. In subjects more suited to him, however -the disgrace of the courtesan before the tribunal of Venus, for instance, and the love scene in the wood-Eisen is more at home, and all the examples are interesting as part of what may be called the gallery of this style of book illustration.

We have received the early numbers of an American journal called The Book-Lover (New York, Benjamin). Like other recent bibliographical journals, it does not aim too high, and the editor frankly admits that he does not write for those who wish to become "deeply learned in the science of book-lore." In fact the journal seems to aim specially at fostering the taste for curiosity hunting and extra illustrating.

MESSRS. LOVELL REEVE & Co., hitherto known as publishers of valuable scientific works, have stepped out of their usual course to add another to the many cheap libraries that crowd our table. The first volume of "The Victoria Library" contains a selection of notable speeches by Grattan, Pitt, Peel, &c., edited by Mr. T. Е. Jacob. The type is happily large (a point on which we congratulate the publishers but the paper is by no means good. The binding is strong enough, but not remarkable for taste. The Ingoldsby Legends have been added by Messrs. Routledge to their neat "Pocket Library." - The selection from the Essays of William Hazlitt which Mr. Carr has edited for the "Camelot Series" (Scott) is welcome, and we hope may lead many to study a great writer who is now unjustly neglected. The Pentameron, and other Imaginary Conversations of Walter Savage Landor, appear in the same series, with a preface by Mr. Havelock Ellis. Bayard Taylor's translation of the first part of Faust and a selection from the Poems of Miss Dora Greenwell have been added to "The Canterbury Poets." Messrs. Cassell have published in their "National Library" some plays of Shakspeare, essays by Macaulay, lives by Johnson, Paradise Lost, Taylor's Holy Living, and what Mr. Dobson would call a forgotten book of travels, Paul Hentzner's Travels in England. Prof. Morley has, oddly enough, divided his sketch of Jeremy Taylor's life between the two volumes of 'Holy Living, and, as he does not finish it,

we presume another fragment is reserved for 'Holy Dying.'

M. LÉONCE JANMART DE BROUILLANT'S work, L'État de la Liberté de la Presse en France aux XVIIe et XVIII Siècles : Histoire de Pierre du Marteau, Imprimeur à Cologne (Paris, Quantin), does not really deal with the history of the freedom of the press in France, as its first title might lead the reader to suppose. Pierre du Marteau was a pseudonym first used by Jean Elzevir to publish in 1660 a book entitled 'Recueil des Diverses Pièces servans à l'Histoire de Henri III.' The character of this book hindered its publication in France, and the reason for the suppression of the real name of the printer is obvious. The success of this publication and its reprints led many different printers to adopt for all kinds of scurrilous and erotic works the colophon "A Cologne chez Pierre du Marteau." It is a bibliography of these productions of the seventeenth century, together with some of the more recent reprints, which M. de Brouillant has caused to be printed on hand-made Dutch paper in a limited edition for French bibliophiles. For the few historians who are compelled to wade through all the foul scandals of the French court of that time the work may be useful, but for them it was quite unnecessary to reproduce samples of the wares catalogued. Some two hundred pages of the book are devoted to the commonplace love intrigues of Henry of Navarre, which are narrated in a work entitled 'His

(Edinburgh, Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier), King James's Wedding, and other Rhymes, by J. Sands (Arbroath, Buncle), and Songs and Poems of the Sea, edited by Mrs. W. Sharp (Scott).

LIST OF NEW BOOKS, ENGLISH. Theology.

toire des Amours du Grand Alcandre,' published about 1651. Why M. de Brouillant should think it well to attach an engraving of himself to the work, and to tell us that he has read 11,000 book | catalogues, we do not know. The time spent over the latter would possibly have been better devoted to a study of German, which might have saved the author from the strange Teutonic orthography which disfigures his pages. As a sample apparently of how the publisher considers the book ought to be criticized, a brief notice or review is enclosed with the press copy. Therein we are told the volume is "une œuvre d'érudit"; that "tout le monde appréciera ce volume curieux en raison des recherches qu'il a coûtées à l'auteur et du Gye (Phandaar w of Rates and Charges

goût qui a présidé à l'édition"; that the author better than any one else could write "ce beau livre." Further, presumably to catch another type of reader, we are told that "l'auteur nous

raconte la liaison du roi Henri le Béarnais et de Gabrielle d'Estrées, initiant le lecteur aux détails les plus intimes de leur existence." It is time that French publishers should know that a ready-made review of this kind only serves to disgust English critics, and that détails of the above nature will not attract a large circle of English readers.

Irresponsibility and its Recognition, by a Graduate of Oxford, cr. 8vo. 3/6 bds.

Mystic Vine (The), a Meditation on the Passion of our Lord,

translated by S. J. Eales, 12mo. 3/6 cl.

Williams's (Sir M.) Buddhism in its Connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism, 8vo. 21/ cl. Law.

on Railways Canals, 8vo. 2/ bds.
Poetry and the Drama.

Arnold's (Sir E.) Oriental Poems, in 8 vols, cr. 8vo. 48/ cl.
Dante's The Vision, or Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, trans-

lated by Rev. H. F. Cary, cr. 8vo. 3/6 half Rox. Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale, with an Introduction, &c., by K. Deighton, 12mo. 2/6 cl.

Philology.

Baume's (P.) Class-Book of French and English General
Correspondence, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl.
Brown's (C.) Commercial French, cr. 8vo. 2/ cl.
Chamberlain's (B. H.) Handbook of Colloquial Japanese,

cr. 8vo. 12/6 cl.

Stedman's (A. M. M.) Easy Latin Exercises on the Syntax of the Shorter and Revised Latin Primers, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. Science.

Bennett (A. W.) and Murray's (G. A.) Handbook of Cryptogamic Botany, 8vo. 16/cl.

MRS. BENNETT, Messrs. Dulau (agriculture and horticulture), Messrs. Garratt & Co., Mr. Lachlan, Mr. Nutt (an interesting catalogue of philological works), and Messrs. Sotheran have forwarded their catalogues. We have further received those of Messrs. George's Sons of Bristol (interesting catalogue), Mr. Murray of Derby, Mr. Commin of Exeter, Mr. Miles of Leeds, Messrs. Young & Sons of Liverpool, and Mr. Sutton of Manchester; while M. Neubner of Cologne has forwarded a good catalogue of biography, and M. Cohn of Berlin one of autographs. M. Charavay sends a catalogue of an important sale of autographs at the Hôtel Drouot next Napier's (J.) The Construction of the Wonderful Canon of Tuesday.

We have on our table South Africa, and how to Reach it by the Castle Line, by E. P. Mathers (Donald Currie & Co.), Orient Line Guide, edited by W. J. Loftie (Low), -P. and O. PocketBook (Peninsular and Oriental Co.), -Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages, by E. Emerton (Boston, U.S., Ginn), French Grammar and Composition, by the Rev. J. A. Moran (Dublin, Keating), A First French Reader, by A. Sauvain (Hachette), -Junior School Grammar, by D. Salmon (Longmans), - Xenophon, Hel

in

lenica, Books I.-IV., edited by I. J. Manatt (Boston, U.S., Ginn), -Nine Hundred Sanscrit Words compared with the Corresponding Terms English, by B. Davis (Benares, Medical Hall Press), - A College Algebra, by G. A. Wentworth (Boston, U.S., Ginn), - Elementary Building Construction and Drawing, by E. J. Burrell (Longmans), -The Art of Practical Brick Cutting and Setting, by A. Hammond (Lockwood), - Electric Bells and all about Them, by S. R. Bottone (Whittaker & Co.), The Harveian Oration, 1888, by P. W. Latham, M.D. (Bell), -Intrinsic and Relative Values of Money, by Kuklos (Wertheimer), -Professional Papers of the Corps of Royal Engineers, edited by Major Francis J. Day, R.E., Vol. XIII. (Chatham, Mackay), - Report of the O'Connell Monument Committee, by the Very Rev. John Canon O'Hanlon (Dublin, Duffy), - Cross Lights (Kegan Paul),-An Edinburgh Eleven, by G. Ogilvy ('British Weekly' Office), -The Children's Fairy History of England, by the Rev. Forbes E. Winslow (Stott), - A Child's Dream of the Zoo, by W. Manning (Routledge), -The Windmill and its Secrets, by C. W. Heckethorn (Trübner), St. Veda's; or, the Pearl of Orr's Haven, by Annie S. Swan (Edinburgh, Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier), -Among the Turks, by V. L. Cameron (Nelson), - Quiet Folks, by R. M. Fergusson (Simpkin), -On the Wrong Tack, by A. E. Wilton (Bristol, Arrowsmith), - St. John's Ward, by Jane H. Jamieson

Brewer's (J. S.) Elementary Engineering, cr. 8vo. 2/ cl. Cayley's (A.) Collected Mathematical Papers, Vol. 1, 4to. 25/ Darwin's (C.) A Naturalist's Voyage, cheap ed., cr. 8vo. 3/6 Fischer's (E.) Exercises in the Preparation of Organic Compounds, translated by A. Kling, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. MacCormac's (Sir W.) Surgical Operations, Pt. 2, fcp. 4to. 10/ McPherson's (Rev. J. G.) Tales of Science, cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl.

Logarithms, trans. by Macdonald, 4to. 15/ cl. Siemens's Scientific Works, ed. by Bamber, 3 vols. 12/ each. Stebler's (Dr. F. G.) Best Forage Plants, translated by A.

McAlpine, folio, 12/6 bds.

Stuart's (E.) What Must I do to Get Well, and How Can I

Keep So? cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl.

Willis's Elementary Conic Sections, Part 1, cr. 8vo. 5, cl.
General Literature,

Bosanquet's (B.) Essays and Addresses, cr. 8vo. 4/ cl.
Caffyn's (S. M.) Miss Milne and I, cr. 8vo. 2/ bds.
Cobb's (S.) Karmel the Scout, 12mo. 3/6 cl.
Jefferies's (R.) Open Air, cheap edition, 12mo. 2/6 cl.
Montaigne's Essays, translated by J. Florio, edited by
J. H. McCarthy, Vols. 1 and 2, 32mo. 3/ each, cl.

Ohnet's (G.) Countess Sarah, cr. 8vo. 2/ bds.

Ohnet's (G.) The Marl Pit Mystery, cr. 8vo. 6/ cl.

Queer People, such as Goblins, Giants, &c., illustrated by

P. Cox, cr. 4to. 5/bds.

Queer People with Paws and Claws, &c., illus, by P. Cox, 5/ Queer People with Wings and Stings, &c., illus. by P. Cox, 3/6 Ritchie's (D. G.) Darwinism and Politics, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. Russell's (W. C.) My Watch Below, cheaper ed., cr. 8vo. 3/6 Thomsett's (G.) A Sacred Trust, a Story of Military Life, 5/ Turner's (B. B.) Commerce and Banking, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. Warden's (F.) St. Cuthbert's Tower, 3 vols. cr. 8vo. 31/6 cl.

Warleigh's (H. 8.) The Ages, Past, Present, and Future, 7/6 Worboise's (E. J.) Singlehurst Manor, cheap ed., cr. 8vo. 3/6