drill is required, and that the something in question is practical training under conditions approximating as nearly as is possible in peace time the conditions which would exist in war. Still the obstructives are not yet quite silenced, and our training is by no means so extensive and practical as it should be. On this subject Col. Maurice uses the following pregnant sentences :

"The only practical work is that which tends to prepare men, not for the inspection of some general on a parade ground, but for actual war. An army is doing practical work in the preparation for its actual duty, that of winning battles. It is employed on mischievous theoretical work, false theory on theory, whenever it is doing anything else."

After the American civil war there sprang up a school of theorists who maintained that the day of charging masses of cavalry had passed away never to return. The Germans never accepted this idea, and in spite of the great increase in the power of rifles and artillery since that time, they are convinced that with skilful handling cavalry can still accomplish great things on the field of battle itself. It is, indeed, chiefly the Germans who have succeeded in reducing the heresy above mentioned to impotence. As for the idea of converting cavalry into the ancient dragoons, it had at one time many advocates in our army, and has been frankly adopted in Russia. The advocates of that system in England, however, are now insignificant in number and weight, and Col. Maurice's article ought to silence those rash tacticians who would withhold cavalry from the battlefield and convert them into a hybrid force, neither good infantry nor efficient cavalry. The limits of space forbid us to say more on Col. Maurice's able contribution to military literature, but before we leave the subject we cannot refrain from expressing a hope that his article may be published in a separate shape. Capt. Fitzgerald's contribution, which is devoted to maritime warfare, is necessarily of a less comprehensive, less exact nature than the article which deals with the operations of land forces. There are so many differences of opinion on the subject, even among the most experienced and able officers of the royal navy, that a writer must necessarily feel it difficult to do more than mention ideas and theories. Still it must be said that the present state of the question is fairly set forth.

The animals usually grouped as Vertebrata have been already treated by various authors under the smaller headings of "Mammalia," "Birds," "Reptiles," &c., so that the article by Prof. Ray Lankester on Vertebrata consists mainly of a general discussion of the integral phylum. In tracing the history of the term the writer points out its gradual extension to cover successively the non-vertebrated Elasmobranchii and Cyclo

stomi, Amphioxus and the Tunicata, Balanoglossus, and, finally, in this last year Cephalodiscus, and possibly Rhabdopleura, none of which possesses vertebræ; but he retains the original term in preference to the Chordata suggested by Balfour. The morphological characteristics assigned to the phylum thus enlarged may be summarized as the possession at some period of life of (1) a well-developed coelom, (2) a notochord,

blastic nerve-tract, with a tendency to (5) metameric segmentation-a definition which will meet with general acceptance; but in the excellent description of vertebrate typestructure which follows on this, and which necessarily touches on debatable ground, exception will perhaps be taken to some statements, as, for example, to those on the myomeric value of the gill-slits and of the nerves which fork over them. To the probable origin of the phylum considerable space is devoted. Dohrn's view that we must seek in chætopod worms the clue to our ancestry, based mainly on the postulate that metameric segmentation implies genetic relationship, is summarized, and laid aside in favour of the theory, propounded by Balfour and expanded by Hubrecht, that Nemertina approach more closely than any other extant group to the stock whence Vertebrata are derived. The writer describes and figures in some detail the morphology of the smaller subphyla: the Cephalochorda, illustrated by valuable original drawings of Amphioxus (by a slip of the pen the anus is stated to be on the right side of the body); the Urochorda, especially the group Larvalia; and the Hemichorda or Balanoglossus. The facts of anatomy and development enumerated alike point to the conclusion that Amphioxus forms a link between the craniate vertebrates and Balanoglossus, while the latter leads to the nemertines; the pedigree of the phylum is thus traceable from the point where the nemertines diverge in one direction, the echinoderms (on the grounds of the resemblance of their larvæ to that of Balanoglossus) in another, to its culmination in the craniate vertebrates. On the degeneration of the lower subphyla, however, considerable stress is laid, with the view of showing that the higher forms are in no sense descended from them, but from an ancestor common to both.

The important article "Zoology" is also by Prof. Ray Lankester. A concise historical account of its development leads to a discussion of the present aspect of the science, in which, not content with its ordinary subdivision into morphology and

new

physiology, the writer introduces terms to cover those varied studies which have only come into existence of late years. He recognizes five main subdivisions, of which the first, "Morphography," includes systematic zoology, morphology (or the comparative study of form), embryology, palæozoology, and the geographical distribution of animals. The gradual extension of knowledge from the time of Wotton onwards is presented by means of the successive classi

fication tables formulated by Linnæus,

Lamarck, &c., ending with that adopted by the writer himself as the expression of the most recent researches, the original parts of which have previously appeared

elsewhere. The second subdivision, nomics," includes outdoor natural history, thremmatology-a word coined for the subjects of variation, heredity, and the breeder's lore and the general adaptation of organisms to their environment or teleology. To the third head of "Zoodynamics, Zoochemistry, &c.," Prof. Lankester assigns human anatomy and pure physiology; to "Plasmology" the study of the cell in its

1

Zoology" the general conceptions which have in late years so profoundly modified religion, sociology, and ethics. The last section of the article deals with the general tendency of zoology since the time of Darwin, and is chiefly devoted to a discussion of the transmission of acquired characters. While representing the views current up to the beginning of 1888, it was presumably written before the appearance of Eimer's recent contribution to the subject.

A Biography of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. By W. C. Beecher and Rev. Samuel Scoville. Assisted by Mrs. Henry Ward Beecher. (Sampson Low & Co.)

THIS bulky memoir of the famous Brooklyn preacher is more likely to find favour with his American admirers than with Englishmen who only know him by a repute which scarcely accords with the estimate of his intellectual and moral qualities here offered to the public. The biographers, however, must not be blamed for having furnished as nearly as they could just such an account of Mr. Beecher as he would probably himself have given had he been able to write the autobiography for which he arranged with his publishers a few months before his death. Whatever faults Mr. Beecher may have had, he was either unconscious of them or unwilling to acknowledge them to the world; and in describing him as not merely the most successful preacher who ever lived, but also one of the wisest, noblest, and saintliest of men, his son and son-in-law but speak as he would himself have spoken. Many of the most extravagant eulogies here printed, indeed, are quoted from the hero's own letters, diaries, and discourses.

Mr. Beecher was the most notable member of a notable family. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was his sister, and his father was Dr. Lyman Beecher, a zealous champion of more enlightened theological views than were in his day approved by the Old School of American Presbyterians. The son cared nothing for dogmas. When the New School Presbytery, in outward accordance with which he had been brought up, refused to license him as a minister on account of his lax opinions, he obtained what he wanted from the Old School hierarchy; but he soon ceased to be a Presbyterian of any school, and, calling himself a Congregationalist through the rest of his life, he retired from the Congregational Association in 1882, because, as he put it, "many of the brethren felt as though they could not bear the burden of the responsibility of being supposed to tolerate the views he held and taught." His views, which varied considerably during a long career, had one invariable element. He always persuaded that he had thorough knowledge of heavenly things and

was specially qualified to proclaim them to others. According to his own account, while he was riding out one day

"the kingdom of Christ rose up before my mind with such supreme loveliness and majesty that I sat in my saddle and there, all alone, in a great forest of Indiana, probably twenty miles from any house, prayed for that kingdom, saying audibly, 'I will never be a sectary.' I remember promising Christ that if He would strengthen me and teach me how to work I would all my life long preach for His kingdom and endeavor to love everybody who was doing that work."

The date of that "promise" and of the bargain Mr. Beecher considered he had struck with his Master as a sequel to it was 1838, when he was twenty-five years old. But he began to be a preacher at the age of eighteen, when, having come under the influence of a "revival" that ran through the college in which he was being educated, he immediately proceeded to conduct revival services for the benefit of others. He also at the same early age attained notoriety as a temperance lecturer, and one of his autobiographical reminiscences makes a naïve disclosure of his satisfaction at finding how easily he could earn money as well as win applause by use of his tongue. From that time his course was clearly marked out for him. He had all the endowments necessary to the making of a popular preacher: glibness of speech, unbounded faith in his own powers, great skill in inducing others to share that faith, and untiring perseverance in the pursuit of his ends. One of the rules that he laid down for himself on taking charge of his first church was "Secure a large congregation; let this be the first thing." Another, subordinate thereto, was "Visit widely and produce a personal attachment; also wife do same."

Mr. Beecher's first experiences as a minister were on a humble scale. At Lawrenceburg, Indiana, he had only about twenty "church members," and his salary was but 250 dollars a year. He was his own clerk, doorkeeper, and lamplighter, and he had to help scrub the floors and cook the food in the little cottage to which he took his young wife. He added to his income, however, by travelling about as a lecturer, and after two years of this work he accepted a "call" to a larger church in Indianapolis, where his salary was 600 dollars, and where he was more satisfied with his preaching. At Lawrenceburg he said, "I can preach so as to make the people come to hear me, but somehow I can't preach them clear into the kingdom." In the larger church his powers developed. "You did well, Beecher, you did well; but you ought to have given em salt instead of sugar," said a brother preacher to him after a sermon in which "the whole audience broke down" under his eloquence. "But since the salt had been tried without effect," was Mr. Beecher's comment, and the sugar, as he called my preaching, brought many to Christ, I did not agree with him." He could administer salt as well as sugar, however, and one cause of his popularity was the boldness with which, where he thought personal attacks on particular offenders were needed, "he never hesitated to lash with stinging words." He made some bitter enemies in this way, but often the enemies were "brought to repentance" by his denunciations, and, of course, the rest of the congregation were well pleased.

ven

Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, however, was the scene of Mr. Beecher's greatest exploits, and the centre from which his influence spread all over the United States. There his commencing salary was 1,500 dollars a year, and long before he began to secure a much larger income by putting up the seats to auction he was able to

earn very considerable sums by lecturing and writing. It is greatly to his credit that he was one of the earliest, and always one of the foremost, opponents of slavery. On his first Sunday at Brooklyn, "I said to those who were present, 'If you come into this church and congregation I want you to understand distinctly that I will wear no fetters; that I will be bound by no precedent; that I will preach the Gospel as I apprehend it, whether men will hear or whether they will forbear; and that I will apply it without stint, and sharply and strongly, to the overthrow of every evil and to the upbuilding of all that is good.' Well-meaning but timid friends took alarm at this bold declaration. It was not customary; it was not what they were used to; they came to him to 'counsel him for his own good, they said. 'Save yourself, any way; don't ally yourself to unpopular men or unpopular

causes. There is no need of it. You can have your own notions about abolition; what is the use of preaching anti-slavery sermons?' To their great distress their counsels had just the opposite effect intended. I despised them all, and preached like thunder on those subjects, especially before pew-renting. For a period of more than ten years I never let a month elapse before pew-renting that I did not come out with the whole strength of my nature on the abominations of American slavery. I remember saying, with some discourtesy and with language that I should not use now, 'If you don't want to hear such doctrines, don't take a pew here next

time."

Mr. Beecher's boldness had all the good results he shrewdly anticipated from it. It satisfied his conscience, crowded his church, filled his purse, and made him more than the lion of the American preaching world. It is right to place the satisfaction of his conscience first in the list of gains. Although it was fortunate for him that his conscience nearly always pointed in the direction of his worldly interests, he was undoubtedly a conscientious man, and he was evidently sincere in the anti-slavery crusade, which his sensational sermons and lectures advanced as much as his sister's Uncle Tom's Cabin.' If some people were shocked, more were delighted, by such theatrical slave-auctions as one that he conducted in his tabernacle in 1848 :

He

"Mr. Beecher's speech is described by an eye-witness, himself a minister, as beyond anything he has ever heard before or since. extemporized there on the stage an auction of a Christian slave. The enumeration of his qualities by the auctioneer, and the bids that fol

lowed, were given by the speaker in perfect

character. He made the scene as realistic as one of Hogarth's pictures and as lurid as a Rembrandt. Physical excellence, mental, moral,

and spiritual qualities, are each dwelt on with an emphasis and moving effect that proved that he would have made a capital auctioneer if he had chosen that business. 'And more than all that, gentlemen, they say he is one of those praying methodist niggers; who bids? A thousand, fifteen hundred, two thousand, twenty, five hundred! Going, going! last call! Gone!' The audience were wrought up to a perfect frenzy of excitement while that picture was

being drawn, and when real contributions instead

of imaginary bids were called for, the sum was easily raised, and the girls were free."

After the Secession War and the abolition

of slavery in the United States, Mr. Beecher's pulpit vagaries had less to do with Christian patriotism, but they became more and more profitable to himself. His popularity increased steadily, and it was not seriously impaired by the Tilton scandal, which his

biographers explain, from his point of view, in seventy-five pages. Every year found him richer, more satisfied with himself and his admirers, and with ampler opportunities of supplying his ever-growing sesthetic tastes. His house was a palace, filled with beautiful furniture, and his church a theatre, in which the worshippers called themselves miserable sinners in the pleasantest ways. "It has ever been a cause of great gratification to me," he said, "that I ally myself to that which I think to be right, and I do not care what man says of me, provided only I can believe that God likes it, and that I have the testimony of this approval in myself." It was Mr. Beecher's good fortune that, if some men objected, he received from others quite enough approval to complete the satisfaction he derived from his unbounded faith in himself, and his assurance that he was on the best possible terms with Heaven.

Much is sometimes made of the last words of dying Christians. Nearly the last words of Mr. Beecher's, spoken on his death-bed at the age of seventy-five, are characteristic. On awaking from a nap he exclaimed, "I had a dream last night. I thought that I was a duke, and your mother a duchess, and I was trying to figure the interest on a hundred thousand pounds a year."

Out of twenty-six illustrations to the volume before us, eight are portraits of Mr. Beecher at different stages of his life.

NOVELS OF THE WEEK.

Toilers of Babylon. By B. L. Farjeon. 3 vols. (Ward & Downey.)

Her Last Run. By the Hon. Mrs. R. W. D. Forbes. 2 vols. (White & Co.)

The Dean's Daughter. By Sophie Veitch. 2 vols. (Alexander Gardner.)

The Dalbroom Folks. By the Rev. J. Smith. 2 vols. (Same publisher.)

Our Boy. By Jessie M. Barker. (Roper & Drowley.)

Greystone Grange. Dadue Signore. (Bumpus.) The Graysons. By Edward Eggleston. (Edinburgh, Douglas.)

'TOILERS OF BABYLON' is a rather stiff and proper story, which gives one the idea of its having been written for a Sunday magazine. The hero is a nice young man, the son of a self-made millionaire, who marries against his father's wishes a humble but charming girl, Nansie Loveday. Nansie's father, having received a caravan in liquidation of a debt, takes to living in it; and thus we have a little caravan life to vary the monotony of the story. It would not be quite fair, however, to call Mr. Farjeon's story monotonous. It is a little namby-pamby, but there is a brightness with it all which makes it readable. The villain, who is the hero's cousin, ingratiates himself with the old millionaire; but his crimes are unmasked in true dramatic fashion, and after he has been shown up there is nothing left for his

uncle but to make terms with the disobedient son. Thus all ends well, and there are cakes and ale for the virtuous. The adventures

of Timothy Chance, an acute shop-boy who gets on in the world, are told with a good deal of appreciative humour.

Many people will be well pleased with 'Her Last Run.' There is plenty of sport in it, and there is nearly as much of love. Of coursing, steeple-chasing, racing, polo, and so forth, there is no end; and there are almost as many portraits of "well-groomed" horses as there are of "well-groomed" women and men. The latter all belong to the "gay world of fashion," and are not much troubled with lofty aspirations and high ideals. Still, the book is bright and spirited enough after its kind, though the episode of the intercepted letter is clumsy and exasperating, and the fashionable female villain is unpleasant, and though the author is hard-hearted enough not only to spoil her very nice heroine's love affairs, but to kill her off with a hunting accident.

a

wilful, head

The Church is still to the front in fiction. 'The Dean's Daughter, however, is not the least like 'The Dean and his Daughter' except in so far as both daughters belong to the genus of self-reliant young women. Vera's great characteristic is unselfishness. To begin wit with she is only strong child; but she proceeds to develope an amount of courage and devotion which can scarce be expressed in words. The worst is that one's liking does not grow with her growth. As a child she is interesting and even attractive. As a young girl she behaves generously in an intrigue not of her own making, and with commendable dignity and spirit too. But she reaches maturity only to be mixed up with the story of a will (which is intolerably attenuated) and a mysterious and ill-married land agent, with whose assistance she goes in for an idealized, high-souled, and shadowy attachment, which lasts even after hisdemise, and is very wearisome. The truth is, the important characters and the marking incidents of the story are never allowed to have fair play. The reader's interest is never sufficiently concentrated on one point or on one person, and the result is that good material and a certain talent are wasted for want of grip and purpose. Towards the close Miss Veitch nearly loses her hold on her heroine, whose nobility and firmness degenerate into a kind of mania for silent endurance. Vera begins, indeed, by getting strained and unreal, and ends-when she comes to have what is really a cold, calm relish for a misdirected sentence of five years' penal servitude-in being a little ridiculous. Miss Veitch is fond of raising questions of conventional and abstract morality which are not to be easily or satisfactorily answered not, at least, in a

novel.

As an uncompromising, unvarnished, and unromantic record of Scotch provincial middle-class life, 'The Dalbroom Folks' may commend itself to the patient student of social particularism. The Rev. Mr. Smith is evidently a close observer of certain coarse types of humanity, and has set down the result of his investigations without any attempt to conciliate his readers either by graces of style or picturesqueness of incident. He is so relentlessly circumstantial that it is hard to doubt his veracity, otherwise one would gladly regard this sordid picture as a libel on his fellow countrymen. Mr. Smith questions "if there ever was such a thing as a pure, noble, and disinterested love." There is certainly not the ghost of it in 'Dalbroom Folks.' What the author means by love is best explained in his own words:

Lincoln successfully defends the accused in a way which well illustrates the reputation Lincoln undoubtedly enjoyed when he practised at the bar in Illinois.

"The utterance of commonplaces by a young man of twenty to a girl of eighteen looks very uninteresting when the commonplaces are set down on paper; but when the lust of the eye and the pride of life are apparent in every facial far other than the reader would attach to them." change, these commonplaces acquire a meaning The reverend gentleman never fails to remind us at every turn that our natures are largely, if not chiefly animal; but he is too compiled by Mr. A. E. Waite (Scott), can never blunt to be unwholesome, too tedious to be

dangerous.

'Our Boy' is almost as absurd in conception as it is mediocre in execution and second rate in tone; and that is saying much. The author has evidently no experience of the art of writing, nor, for that matter, of the art of living either. Her story, it is right to add, is not only fearfully crude, but irritatingly well-intentioned also. The characters are hopelessly unreal; the talk is vapid and vulgar; and though the situations and episodes are sometimes wildly improbable, they are also incredibly prosaic.

A

'Greystone Grange' appears to be the work of an amateur story-teller. In its descriptive parts, while painfully careful, it is often dreadfully like a guide-book. scheming Italian is the dominating agent in the plot, and her machinations are scarce less foolish than improbable. There is plenty of purposeless mystery, intrigue, and iniquity; and the characters, with the exception of an young curate and his mother, are all intermingled and connected in a way which proves that fiction is still sometimes stranger -and duller-than truth. Most of these dummies assemble, as by instinct, from the four corners of the earth at the Grange, which is full of dynamitards and false beards. It rejoices in a hostess who is really a host and a vague conspirator, and is the scene of all kinds of blood-curdling episodes. To say that all this is related in a style as flat, bald, and prosaic as its own effect is to say enough.

excellent but useless

men.

OUR LIBRARY TABLE.

A BOOK like the Songs and Poems of Fairyland, a bad one, from the mere fact of its containing extracts from the works of so many great Here we have poems by Chaucer, Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Spenser, Drayton, Herrick, Coleridge, Sir W. Scott, Keats, Kingsley, and some of the good ballads from the 'Minstrelsy'; but after that there is rather a descent, and we have to be satisfied with very minor authors. Mr. Waite apologizes for "the omission of several poems by illustrious contemporaries whose copyrights are vigilantly protected by their publishers." To this vigilance we may

doubtless attribute the loss of some fine bits of Tennyson and William Morris, and Miss Rossetti's 'Goblin Market,' which, to our mind, is one of the best poems of the kind ever written. Mr. Waite's selection includes poems by fortyseven named authors and one or two by anonymous writers; but even when the authors have a literary reputation, it is strange to see how few of their fairy poems are worthy of it. Probably no surer test of true or false imagination could be found than the way in which a poeteven a poet who has a right to the name-deals with fairyland and its denizens. As a rule he

seems to think that if he does but make a liberal use of poor Queen Sophia Charlotte's bête noire, l'infiniment petit, and encumber his errant fairy with a larger outfit of smaller clothing than he has ever been arrayed in before, and supply him with a more fanciful method of locomotion than has yet been invented, the thing is done, and fairyland, with all its radiance and wonder, is before us. Thus men who on other subjects write exquisitely produce fairy poems which are dull, if not inane. Setting aside a certain num

ber of poems which are now classics, there is very little imagination in those contained in this

volume. Mr. Garnett's 'Nix' is pretty, and Clarence Mangan's 'Fairies' Passage, even though it be a translation from the German, is none the less welcome on that account. It is most spirited and humorous. Mr. Allingham's 'Up the Airy Mountain,' &c., is good too; but there are too many bad poems by Mrs. Hemans and LE.L., and long dull ones by R. H. Horne. A good many by various authors, together with the notes belonging to them, appear to have been taken from Mr. Denis Florence MacCarthy's 'Book of Irish Ballads,' in token of which we have only to point out Mangan's 'Fairies' Passage,' which in Mr. Waite's

'The Graysons' is a thoroughly American novel of the superior class. The author shows the self-consciousness in matter of style which is the chief defect of American novelists. On the first page he speaks of the sun going down behind a "thrifty orchard" of young apple trees; on the next, in describing his heroine, he says that her hair was abundant, and, like everything about her, "vital"; and of another girl's hair, that "her head seemed always striving to be red, without ever attaining to any purity of colour." Tiresome affectations such as these make the opening of 'The Graysons' uninviting, and it is some time before the author seems to warm to his work. Eventually, however, he forgets himself, and throws considerable vigour into his narrative. It is unfortunate that modern American writers with a few exceptions, such as Mr. Bret Harte and Mr. Cable in 'Dr. Sevier' - dwell with complacency upon the petty and monotonous details of small sections of their vast society, and show the same dreary uniformity of appreciation of that form of enjoyment known as American humour. Mr. Eggleston is no exception; but he has brightened his story by introducing a trial for murder, in which Abraham | "Men and Fairies."

collection retains the few alterations which Mr. MacCarthy says he did not scruple to make in order that he might claim it as an Irish ballad. We do not observe many omissions which could have been avoided, though Tickell's lines on the changeling in 'Kensington Garden' might well have been given. The preface is very confused and confusing, and sometimes almost unintelligible. What, for instance, can we understand by this? - "Spenser, the poet of the elfin world par excellence, in his account of the 'Rolls of Elfin Emperours,' deduces all Faerie from the man-monster created by Prometheus. Shakespeare, on the other hand, refers them [sic] to an Indian origin, and the dictionaries of Fairy Mythology, in accordance with this supposition, fix his [sic] abode in India, and represent him nightly crossing the intervening seas with inconceivable rapidity to dance in the western moonlight." Mr. Waite's classification is rather foolish and unmeaning. We begin by "The Fore View," next we have "The Prelude," "The Fairy Family," "Chronicles of Fairy Land," "Travels in Fairy Land," and

9

was

MR. WILLIAM SHARP has contributed to the "Great Writers" series a Life of Heinrich Heine (Scott). The leading facts of Heine's career he presents clearly and vigorously, and his criticism of Heine as a writer, if not wholly adequate, is usually fresh and interesting. In his general estimate, however, he strikes a false note when he asserts that Heine was "essentially one of the men of no nationality." " If Heine had left only his prose fragments, something might have been said in favour of this view; but, as Mr. Sharp knows, it is not to his prose that he owes his place in literature. He lives by his poetry, and above all by his 'Buch der Lieder.' Heine had the wit and vivacity of the typical French man of genius; but neither these qualities nor the characteristics due to his Jewish origin account for the production of his greatest masterpieces. It was because he "essentially" a German that it was possible for him to become one of the foremost of German lyrical poets. Mr. Sharp speaks of Heine's "Hellenic temperament," and this expression also is misleading. No doubt Heine's life and work had aspects which, if one likes to use a much-abused word, may be called "Hellenic"; but, notwithstanding his attacks on Romanticism, he belonged in spirit to the Romantic school, and to describe a Romantic poet as a man of "Hellenic temperament" is practically to say that there are no vital distinctions in criticism. In the biographical part of the book Mr. Sharp brings out well some of the strange contrasts included in Heine's character, and he does full justice to the heroic courage with which the terrible sufferings of the poet's last years were borne-a courage which should make it easy even for his sternest critics to forgive many a fault of his earlier life. Mr. Sharp's account of Madame Heine is excellent; but we cannot say so much for his description of the part played by Camille Selden in Heine's household. Of this lady he says that "she was the source of immeasurable comfort and happiness to her death-stricken friend." Proelss, in his biography of Heine, tells a very different tale, and much of the evidence on which his unfavourable opinion of Camille Selden is based does not seem to have attracted Mr. Sharp's attention.

The Poets Bible (Isbister & Co.), selected and edited by Mr. W. G. Horder, consists of passages from the poets touching on incidents mentioned in the Old Testament. There is much fine poetry, but still more mediocre verse in the volume. It is amusing to find that 'Absalom

and Achitophel' is represented by a single couplet cautiously chosen, and that Prior is totally ignored.

MESSRS. LONGMAN have sent us a "uniform popular edition" of Lord Macaulay's works and of Sir G. Trevelyan's biography of his uncle. This edition is extremely cheap and excellently bound-not always a characteristic of cheap books; but it is not uniform. Macaulay's writings are mostly printed in a painfully small type most trying to the eyes; while Sir G. Trevelyan's memoir is honoured with much clearer type, and may be cordially recommended as a handy edition, and has the advantage denied to dearer issues of the book, at least originally, of an index. But a slight revision would improve the book. A note on p. 380 has been rendered inaccurate by the piety and diligence of Sir G. Young. A passage on pp. 640-1 ought never to have been inserted, and should even now be suppressed. It is odd that Sir G. Trevelyan has never put a note to p. 423, pointing out that his uncle, in spite of his portentous memory, had forgotten that he had left the word "rebels" standing in another passage of the 'Lays.'

We have on our table a new edition of Sir J. Kaye's Lives of Indian Officers (Allen & Co.). The title is unfortunate, but the biographies will be found interesting reading. The same publishers send a second series of Col. Laurie's

Sketches of some Distinguished Anglo-Indians. It deals to a large extent with the living, but it is not so suitable to the English reader as Sir John Kaye's memoirs. Col. Laurie is obviously an enthusiast, and forgets that if he wants to make the careers of Anglo-Indians interesting to people who know nothing of India a good deal of literary art is required. We cannot share Col. Laurie's admiration of Lord Macaulay's 's minute on Indian education, a piece of sophistical rhetoric which did infinite harm.

AMONG the new editions on our table are Messrs. Macmillan's tasteful reprints of Alton Locke, and the sequel to 'The Daisy Chain,' The

Trial of Miss Yonge. An edition of Southey's delightful Life of Wesley, revised by Canon Atkinson, has been issued in the "Cavendish Library" of Messrs. Warne. The indefatigable Mr. Scott has added Milton's Paradise Regained and Minor Poems to the " Canterbury Poets," and also a selection from Crabbe's poetical

works. There seems to be a Crabbe revival. -A pretty little edition of The Battle of Life is the most recent volume of the "Pocket Library" of Messrs. Routledge. It would have been improved by a bibliographical note.

We have on our table the first number of

the Library (Stock), which is to be the organ of the Library Association. The periodical is based on popular lines, and promises to fulfil its aims. Mr. Dobson is a little unlucky in styling a volume recently reprinted by Messrs. Cassell "a forgotten book of travels." We do not think much of the sonnet; but Mr. Tedder's article is excellent, and the Library Notes' are useful. - We confess to being conservative enough to be sorry to see the British and Foreign Evangelical Review turned into the Theological Monthly, of which Messrs. Nisbet send us the first number. The opening article is rather drily orthodox, but Prebendary Reynolds and some of the other contributors writein a more attractive way. - A very different periodical, Baily's Magazine, has passed into the hands of Messrs. Vinton & Co. The first number of their publishing contains some excellent articles. If it were more carefully pressed this old favourite would present a better appearance. - The annual volume of that thoughtful and well-written periodical the Journal of Education (Rice) has reached us. Dr. Vietor has begun the second volume of his excellent Phonetische Studien (Marburg, Elwert). -Prof. Müller has sent us another part of the second year's issue of his useful Orientalische Bibliographie (Williams & Norgate). - The First Supplement to Poole's Index to Periodical Literature (Trübner & Co.) has been issued by Dr. Poole and Mr. Fletcher. The work of indexing seems as carefully done as in the original volume, which is deservedly esteemed.

the

by M. W. Macdowall (A. Gardner), - Derlin the Barber, by B. L. Farjeon (Ward & Downey), Eros, by L. Daintrey (New York, Belford), Miss Baxter's Bequest, by A. S. Swan (Edinburgh, Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier), -Peter Parley's Annual for 1889 (Ben George), -Left to Our Father, by the Author of 'Clevedon Chimes' (Wells Gardner), -The Islanders, a Poem in Seven Cantos, by E. Kane (Stock),William Shakespere, of Stratford-on-Avon: his Epitaph Unearthed, by Scott Surtees (Gray), Reed Music, Poems, by A. Hughes (Kegan Paul), Cedric, or a Soul's Travail, a Tragedy in Five Acts, by the Rev. F. W. Kingston (Northampton, Mark), -Poems, by R. E. Day (Cassell), -The Light of Life, by W. J. Knox Little (Rivingtons), -Christianity according to Christ, by J. M. Gibson (Nisbet), -The World and the Kingdom, by the Right Rev. Hugh M. Thompson, D.D. (Wells Gardner), -The Church of England, by C. E. Savery (Kegan Paul), Landmarks of New Testament Morality, by the Rev. G. Matheson (Nisbet), - Nouvelle Méthode de l'Enseignement de la Grammaire Française, par G. Da Costa, 4 vols. (Paris, Imprimeries Réunies), Commentarii Critici ad Thucydidem Pertinentes, scripsit C. Hude (Nutt), -Eugen Dühring, by Dr. H. Druskowitz (Williams & Norgate), - Kvindefigurer: I. Den Archaiske Græske Kunst, by C. Jorgensen (Copenhagen, Klein), Alexandrie, Etude, by Dr. Néroutsos-Bey (Paris, Leroux), and Philosophie et Philosophes, by E. Caro (Paris, Hachette). Among New Editions we have The Powers, Duties, and Liabilities of Executive Officers, by A. W. Chaster (Clowes), - Alpine Winter in its Medical Aspects, by A. T. Wise, M.D. (Churchill), -The Wedding-Ring, by J. Maskell (Simpkin),-and Cardinal Newman, the Story of his Life, by H. J. Jennings (Birmingham, Houghton).

L'Ancienne

History and Biography.

Hare's (Van) Fifty Years of a Showman's Life, by Himself, 7/
Kaye and Malleson's History of the Indian Mutiny, 1857-8,

Cabinet Edition, Vol. 2, cr. 8vo. 6/cl.

We have also on our table Chinese Account of
Opium War, by E. H. Parker (Shanghai,
Kelly & Walsh), The Student's Pestalozzi, by J.
Russell (Sonnenschein), The First Book of the
Eneid: an Essay in Translation, by A (Simpkin),
- Alternative Elementary Chemistry, by J. Mills
(Low), - Elementary Commercial Geography, by
H. R. Mill (Cambridge, University Press), - Dale's (R.) Epitome of Surgery, 8vo. 10/6 cl.

Macaulay (Lord), Life and Letters of, by the Right Hon. Sir
G. O. Trevelyan, Popular Edition, cr. 8vo. 2/6
Macaulay's (Lord) History of England, Popular Edition,
2 vols. 5/
Sewell (Mrs.), Life and Letters of, by Mrs. Bayly, er. 8vo. 6/
Philology.

Questions and Examples on Elementary Experi-
mental Physics, by B. Loewy (Macmillan),
Capital and Wages, by F. Minton (Kegan Paul),
-The House and its Builder, by S. Cox, D.D.
(Fisher Unwin), -Short Biographies for the People,
Vol. V. (R.T.S.), -The Emperor's Diary, edited
by H. W. Lucy (Routledge), -From Squire to
Squatter, by G. Stables (Shaw), -The School-
master and his Son, by K. H. Caspari (Wells
Gardner), The Maids of Dulverton, by G. Balguy
(Simpkin),-A Fair Emigrant, by Rosa Mulhol-
land (Kegan Paul), The Pot of Gold, by E. R.
Shaw (New York, Belford), The Little Chris-
tian's Pilgrimage, by H. L. Taylor (Wells
Gardner), - Our Boys and Girls, 1888
(W.M.S.S.U.), - My Poor Dick, by J. S.
Winter (White & Co.), -Tempted of the Devil,
a Story retold from the German of A. Becker,

Thornton's (F. Du Pre) Elementary Arabic, cr. 8vo. 3/6 el Science.

Campbell's (H.) Causation of Disease, 8vo. 12/6 cl.

Jacobson's (W. H. A.) Operations of Surgery, 8vo. 30/ el. Pelton's (W. F.) Companion to Hamblin Smith's Algebra,

cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl.

Plowright's (C. B.) A Monograph of the British Uredinesæ and Ustilagineæ, with an Account of the Biology, 12/ cl. Smith's (R. H.) Graphics, or the Art of Calculating by drawing Lines, Part 1, 2 vols. 15/ el.

General Literature.

Barbour's (A. H. F.) The Anatomy of Labour, folio, 21/portal. Biller's (E.) Ulli: the Story of a Neglected Girl, translated

from the German by A. B. D. Rost, cr. 8vo. 5/ cl. Brown's (J. M.) Powder, Spur, and Spear, a Sporting Medley, 8vo. 10/6 cl.

Calthrop's (Rev. G.) Castle Building, Lectures on Home Subjects, 12mo. 3/6 cl.

Drew's (C. L.) Through the Woolwich Courses, 12mo. 3/ cl.
Dyer's (T. F. T.) The Folk-lore of Plants, cr. 8vo. 6/ cl.
Francillon's (R. E.) King or Knave? cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl.
Harte's (Bret) Cressy, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 12/ cl.
Hauff's (W.) The Wine Ghosts of Bremen, translated by E.

Sadler and C. R. L. Fletcher, 12mo. 3/ cl.
Heckethorn's (C. W.) The Windmill and its Secrets, 2/6 cl.
Macaulay's (Lord) Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches,
Popular Edition, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl.
Moberley's (R. C.) Borrow, Sin, and Beauty, er. 8vo. 3/6 cl.