این

الله

No 3218, JUNE 29, '89

confessions; for it was the substance of his
communications with his penitents that
brought him into trouble. Some of these
betrayed his secret exhortations, and said
that he had told them the king was not
really supreme head of the Church. On
this he was examined and confessed the
fact. Then being further interrogated why
he had taken the oath of supremacy to the
king, he replied that he had done it with
his outward man, "but his inward man

never consented thereunto." Does not this
simply mean that he took a false oath under
terror, and atoned for it afterwards by a
noble constancy at the stake? The fact, if
it be one, ought not to weaken our sym-
pathy, and we cannot agree with Mr.
Gasquet that there is anything in the de-
positions against him which goes to disprove
it. Nay, more, thanks to Mr. Gasquet's
own researches, we can almost certainly show
that it is true; for a document which he
quotes in his second volume, and which he
evidently had not seen when he wrote about
Friar Forest in the first, seems to prove
that Hall's statement about him was ab-
solutely correct. This paper, no doubt, is
but a party pamphlet, and full allowance
ought to be made for its bias; but it shows,
at least, that the imputation against Forest
had stuck, and was dwelt upon in that day
as a thing sufficiently notorious. "I cannot
but think the contrary," the writer says,
" but the old Bishop of London [Stokesley],
when he was on live, used the pretty medi-
cine that his fellow, Friar Forest, was
wont to use, and to work with an inward
man and an outward man-that is to say,
to speak one thing with their mouth, and
then another thing with their hearts." Friar
Forest evidently was not a man of stronger
nerve than the apostle St. Peter, and it was
a mistake en Mr. Gasquet's part to attempt
to prove that he was so.

But the friars generally only surrendered their houses in the year 1538, a few months after Forest suffered. That they surrendered under pressure, like the monks, it is needless to say. A form of surrender was in most, if not in all cases, prepared for them beforehand, and the same form was subscribed or accepted by very different houses. They were miserably poor, and in many cases deeply in debt. They were visited one by one by a man like Dr. London or Ingworth, Bishop of Dover, who jesuitically told them that he had not come to suppress them-he had no authority for that-but only to reform them and bind if upon them a set of rules which he knew quite well it was practically impossible for them to keep. But first of all the visitor

would take care they did not sell their jewels or dispose of any of their property by leases; and before anything else was done he took possession of the common seal of the convent, without which they were helpless. The effect was distinctly anticipated by the Bishop of Dover himself when he wrote: "I think before the year is out there shall be very few houses able to live, but they will be glad to give up their houses and provide for themselves otherwise, for there they shall have no living." Evidently a commission to suppress friars' houses was unnecessary when it was so easy to starve them into surrender.

We have by no means exhausted the

THE

But we

a very

is here

The pressure put upon a successful novelist
under the title of 'To Call Her Mine, &c."
disastrous effect. Mr. Besant's work shows
is most severe, and in some cases it has a
signs of the stress under which it has been
produced; but he is so well equipped that
he can always fill his pages with interesting
matter. With a little more leisure, perhaps,
hisimagination would be more varied and free,
could never be compelled to do anything less
and his best is so good that one wishes he
than his best. The volume contains three
stories. One of them, 'Katharine Regina,'
mas time, and has already been reviewed in
'To Call Her Mine' and
appeared in a separate form about Christ-
these pages.

'Self or Bearer' are the other two. Both
are good stories, full of incident and contri-
vance, and Mr. Besant, as he is wont, forges
the chain of destiny with hearty blows, so
that the evil which overtakes the wicked
and the happiness which is attained by the
good seem thoroughly satisfactory. But

much of the interest of Mr. Besant's books
lies in what in other books would be called
the padding. For one reader who skipped
pages in 'All Sorts and Conditions of Men'
for the sake of the plot, hundreds must have
put up with the plot for the sake of the
padding. And really in 'To Call Her Mine'
the descriptions of Dartmoor are the most
enjoyable part of it, although, to be sure,
much attention has been paid to the duty of
a teller of the shorter sort of stories, which
one's pages into many paragraphs and
consists to a great extent in breaking up
filling a large part of them with conversation.
'Self or Bearer' is full of fun. It is, in
a viscount and was extremely uncomfortable,
brief, the story of a poor doctor who became
and then lost his title and became happy.
This is not the gist of the plot, but the fun
of it depends upon this incidental con-
trivance of circumstances. It is not often
that so much good reading is to be found
in one volume.

Mrs. Price's new story is pleasant and
ladylike. If she does not succeed in touch-
ing any very profound depths of emotion,
her hero and heroine nevertheless pass
manner which rouses a due meed of sym-
through really pathetic vicissitudes in a
pathy and respect in the reader. The plot
offers no bloodcurdling incidents, but is
ingeniously contrived, and in the second
volume moves well. At first the story has a
tendency to drag and to dwell unduly on
slight incidents, which may have a relation
to the matter in hand, but which should be
The hero is a curate, and he is both
He is not, however,
more lightly touched and rapidly passed
over.

virtuous and manly.
an agreeable person, but perhaps for that
very reason may be the more calculated to
represent the ideal of masculine qualities to
a very young girl, whose own manners are,
at the outset at any rate, of a decidedly
aggressive character. Bevis, the young
water, but his "make-up" is somewhat too
clearly marked with villainy from the first.
The book ends well, which will gratify every-
one may pleasantly surprise most readers.
body, and the last important incident but

certainly a

scoundrel of the first

The strange adventures of a heroine of seventeen summers, who sets sail for England from her indefinite "natal town" in the colonies, are related by herself, always

in the present tense, and with light-hearted though bewildering abruptness. The singular matrimonial alliance contracted by herself and Capt. Focus is no sooner grasped than surprise is paralyzed by her amazing manners and customs. By the time the erring father of the stolen child breaks upon the scene, the reader must feel that as an attempt to justify the ways of Dane or of any one else his retrospective villainy is wholly superfluous. However, all ends well, and both Nanette Fairfax and her husband live happily ever afterwards. Their peace was for a moment threatened (and the reader's destroyed) by a dangerously beautiful young man with "full, distinct, well-proportioned lips," who bestowed a "saucy look" upon Nanette after an unfortunate catastrophe at dinner.

We doubt if any one will be much pleased with M. Bourget's new book, except, indeed, "Gyp," and his other enemies if he has any. The work seems to be intended for a limited public consisting of the professors of moral and mental philosophy in the universities of Western Europe and of the United States; but then we confess to a fear that these gentlemen may, after all, only think M. Bourget's philosophy about equal in value to that of Mr. Mallock. "Gyp" herself can hardly have foreseen when she Les Psychologues' that wrote 'Ohé!

M. Bourget's next book would contain the word "psychologie " even more often than

any of his previous works, and that when he left off dissecting women, and took to performing, as in 'Le Disciple,' the same process upon men, he would be even duller than has unfortunately been habitual with him in the last few years. When M. Bourget ceases to write in his own name, and inserts a long composition professing to be by his hero, he ceases for a moment to remind us of British false philosophers and recalls 'Obermann'; but then M. de Senancour had the advantage over M. Bourget of writing for a generation that did not think even 'Adolphe' or 'Delphine' dull. The young man, the supposed author of this composition, himself explains in the course of his written confession of 228 pages, "I cannot expect to make myself intelligible to any one besides the psychologist whose disciple I am." As, then, M. Bourget wrote his book-for the confession forms twothirds of it-apparently only for the benefit of the philosopher of his own creation to whom the confession is addressed, why did he publish it through M. Lemerre and apparently expect his unfortunate admirers to buy it? and why did he polish up the first five-and-twenty pages of his novel so as to tempt us to think that his book was one of style, and prefix to it a sensational preface, which has little to do with the story, but which duly appeared in large type in the first column of the Figaro? The preface is an invitation to the good people and the Church to train up Frenchmen who shall be as unlike "le Disciple" as possible, and it forms a very able attempt on M. Bourget's part to reconcile himself with "the respectabilities"; but can it be that he is the author of the careful analysis of the motives of harlots now appearing week by week in the Vie Parisienne? because, if so, the proposed reconciliation comes indeed suddenly and soon. If our author occupies, under a

with languages whose structures are so different as those of English and Greek the attempt only results in giving the translation an eccentric and unnatural air which totally misrepresents the

false name, that place in the Vie Parisienne in which "Gyp" and Richard O'Monroy first became known to the French public, "Gyp" is revenged on him since she has taken, at the head of the list of contributors original. This is emphatically the case with The

to the Revue des Deux Mondes of the 1st of June, a place which M. Bourget no doubt thinks should be his own.

The volume of M. Paul Meurice strikes us as being far better than his previous works, and it is undoubtedly one of the chief novels of the year; but the inevitable conclusion, which is foreseen all through the book, is so sad as to be painful to the reader. The tale is a little love story almost without incident, the scene of which is laid nearly fifty years ago, for no reason that can be seen, unless it be to introduce a very elaborate portrait of M. Jules Janin at the moment when he had just become the leading critic of Paris. The description has this interest for the Atheneum, that M. Jules Janin was at that time our Paris correspondent.

CLASSICAL TRANSLATIONS.

MR. J. W. MACKAIL'S prose translation of the Æneid is sufficiently well known among scholars to make them ready to welcome the similar version of the Eclogues and Georgics, which has just been published by Messrs. Rivington. belongs to that school of translations of which Mr. Lang is the best-known exponent, the object of which is to combine accuracy with the most

It

appropriate and beautiful language available. Mr. Mackail has not quite the happy instinct and literary craftsmanship of Mr. Lang, and no doubt he has a harder task in dealing with Virgil, the most untranslatable of all the ancient classics. But he has produced a work which is at once graceful and likely to be useful to young scholars. That, after all, is the chief value of prose translations of the classics. The mature scholar ought not to need them, though he may take pleasure in reading work like that of Mr. Lang and Mr. Mackail; and to the person unacquainted with the language a prose translation will give no adequate idea of a poet. But to the young scholar who is studying the great classics a translation which shows him how to combine grace and style with accuracy is of inestimable

value.

as was

Instead of degrading the author,
using the ordinary Bohn's

the inevitable result of
translation, it elevates him in the eyes of the
student, and teaches the latter something of the
mysteries of literary style. Therefore Mr. Mackail
deserves sincere thanks for the first prose version
of the Eclogues and Georgics of the kind we have
described. The following specimen of the style
is a happy one; Mr. Mackail is not always so
smooth and effective in his language. It will be
recognized as part of the most famous passage
of the second Georgic :-

"Though no high proud-portalled house pours forth the vast tide of morning visitants that fill her halls; though they feed no gaze on doors inlaid with lovely tortoise-shell or raiment tricked out with gold is not stained with Assyrian dye nor the clear oliveor bronzes of Ephyre; though the fleece's whiteness oil spoiled for use with cinnamon; but careless quiet and life ignorant of disappointment, wealthy in manifold riches, but the peace of broad lands, caverns and living lakes, but cool pleasances and the lowing of oxen and soft slumbers beneath the trees, fail not there; there are the glades and covers of game, and youth hardy of toil and trained to simplicity, divine worship and reverend age; among them Justice set her last footprints as she passed away from earth."

A TRANSLATION from Greek verse into English which professes to preserve the metres of the original is foredoomed to failure. Where languages are closely cognate such a feat is possible, as has been proved in the case of English and German by Bayard Taylor's 'Faust' and some of the German translations of Shakespeare. But

of Euripides, "translated in the original metres, and supplied with stage directions, by H. B. L." (Williams & Norgate). From beginning to end-introduction, text, and notes-it is full of absurdities of form and language. The iambic portions are, indeed, intelligible with the assistance of the Greek; but the distortions of arrangement in every sentence, and the prosaic and colloquial language employed, make them a ludicrous perversion of the original. As for the lyric passages, they may become rhythmical, the translator suggests in his introduction, when set to music, but in their present condition they can only provoke laughter. It is impossible in a short space to do justice to the absurditis with which the translation abounds, but ce brief passage of dialogue will sufficiently inde cate the style :

KREOUSA. Ai, ai! Ai, ai! A sharp pang of ago

ny, in a spasm, has yerked to pierce through my lungs PRESBUS. Wail not, belov'd dame,KREOUSA. What's to restrain my laments? PRESBUS (continuing). Til' we're a'pris'd ifKREOUSA. Aught be dispatched to my inn?

It may be mentioned that spellings such as "a'pris'd," "a'peared," "co'mence," are fre quent, in order to suit the author's metrical scheme. Where everything combines to give a false impression of the original it is unnecessary to point out particular errors of scholarship, which are not unfrequent. As a burlesque the book is sufficiently amusing reading, but as a serious translation it is worse than useless. It should be added that the stage directions sug gest nothing so much as one of Gilbert and Sullivan's operas. The devotion to the classics of such labour as H. B. L. has evidently expended on this work is doubtless praiseworthy; but it is a pity that it takes a form which renders them ridiculous.

OUR LIBRARY TABLE.

COL. MALLESON has written for the "States men Series," published by Messrs. W. H. Allen & Co., a most excellent little life of the Marquess Wellesley, of which there is nothing to be said except that it is an almost perfect example of the manner in which to treat a biography in s condensed handbook form. Col. Malleson eridently has a full appreciation of the character and statesmanship of the great, but too little known Wellesley, and he interests his readers because he has been himself interested in his task.

We have received from Messrs. Swan Sonnen

schein & Co. the Rules, Customs, and Procedur of the House of Commons, by Charles Bradlaugh MP., a reprint, with additions, of an article by Mr. Bradlaugh in the Universal Review, and a most excellent little handbook to Parliamentary practice, to which is added a list of the members of the House of Commons.

FROM Messrs. Sampson Low & Co. comes The War Scare in Europe, an able, anonymous small volume of anti-German tendencies, in which we have noticed but one statement, given the bias of the writer, which is startling, namely, that there might be a possibility of detaching Bavaria from the German side in the event of s new war. From internal evidence the anonymous writer is far from youthful, and is probably diplomatist or a careful student of modern his tory.

THE interest excited by the "race to Edin burgh" last year has induced Mr. Foxwell and Mr. Farrer to write an interesting volume Express Trains (Smith, Elder & Co.). Ther take forty miles as the minimum speed for a British express, twenty-nine for a continental but then they justly point out that in Holland and France express trains usually keep them

1

ا

No 3218, JUNE 29, '89

time, while on some British lines the perform ance differs considerably from the promise of the time table. The speeds of the trains in the United Kingdom make an imposing show, but the authors are not blind to such defects as the confusion in which Scotch railway officials get involved in the tourist season and the "audacious unpunctuality" of the South - Eastern. The writers speak well of the expresses in Holland and France. Even the Midi, which we have always regarded as a species of French SouthEastern, comes out better in the matter of speed than we expected; and we think the writers are more lenient to the shortcomings of the P.L.M. than they might well be. Mr. Foxwell and Mr. Farrer speak in justly severe terms of the management of the Prussian State railways, which is not only not improving the fast trains of the companies bought ght up, but discontinuing them when it can, and is governed by Apolitical considerations :

it

"Thus between London and Berlin the services via Calais are simply an international disgrace, from the dislike of the Germans to send their mails through France (which they would be compelled to do by force of circumstances if this natural route were worked to full advantage), and from the BelFugian Government owning competitive steamers from Ostend to which route they wish to attract the traffic...... The sudden closing of the Alsace-Lorraine frontier is another instance showing how Govern ment railways can be used to help an intolerable system of Cæsarism. Had there been a dozen powerful railway companies taking traffic across the frontiers, instead of one Government monopoly, it would have been almost impossible for Prussia to have ruined all their passenger traffic at one blow. At any rate we should have heard much more about it. And comes the that the Prus

sian Government will absolutely prohibit the working of any foreign through carriages over its lines. They have already treated the International Sleeping Car Company very badly, and have practically boycotted their through cars.'

Of the administration of the smaller governments the following is a summary :

"The Bavarian, Wurtemberg, and Saxon railways are a disgrace to Europe as far as speed goes. It is positively two hours quicker to go from London to Vienna all the way round by Paris (100 miles further) owing to the slowness of the trains in Bavaria and Wurtemberg. The Governments of these countries have always owned their railways and worked them, and we have a good illustration of the sort of effeteness that State management produces after a time. There is practically no fast thirdclass accommodation in Bavaria or Wurtemberg. The Orient express' 'runs faster in Roumania than in Wurtemberg."

THE ATHENÆUM

the English girl who goes to Herrnhut to be educated is taught German thoroughly, and the warmhearted and kindly way in which our author speaks of her teachers seems thoroughly warranted. Here and there a curious custom strikes The women at Herrnhut (p. 129) occupy

us.

A strange

the

Immer langsam voran, Immer langsam voran,

Dass die österreichische Südbahn nachfolgen kann.

North America figures well in this volume, and we can hardly credit the statement that the P.L.M. proposes to rival the "limited express" of the Pennsylvania Railway. It must undergo a second birth first.

In a pleasant little book called Moravian Schools and Customs (Sonnenschein & Co.) the anonymous author gives her own experiences. The Moravian community is a Church, and not a sect, as appears from the remarkable facts she adduces (p. 65) that the Anglican archbishop Potter in 1737, and the Bishop of Worcester in Parliament in 1749, declared it an apostolic creed, and not at variance with any tenets of the Church of England. It appears that there are ample MS. documents in the various settlements wherewith to write both the history of this Church and of its missions, and the snatches given in this little book create a strong desire in the reader for a special work with full detail. Here is a specimen (p. 124): when the Moravian missionaries tried to translate the Bible into language intelligible to Greenlanders, the expression "Lamb of God" had to be rendered by young seal," as the natives had never seen a sheep. The correctness of all the German quotations in the books shows, at all events, that

We

(interesting), Messrs. Garratt & Co., Mr. Nutt (modern languages and folklore), Mr. Qua(theological works), and Mr. Stibbs. ritch (illuminated MSS.), Messrs. Steffington have also received catalogues from Mr. Wilson of Birmingham, Mr. Miles of Bradford, Mr. Jefferies and Messrs. George's Sons of Bristol, Mr. Murray of Derby (two catalogues), Mr. Rooney of Dublin, Mr. Baxendine, Commin of Exeter, Mr. Teal of Halifax, Mr. Clay, and Mr. Thin of Edinburgh, Mr. Messrs. Young & Sons of Liverpool (theological works), Messrs. Jarrold & Sons of Norwich, Mr. Blackwell of Oxford (a capital catalogue), Sheffield. Messrs. Charavay have sent two valuMr. Glegg of Rochdale, and Mr. Brown of & Welford of New York also send us notable able catalogues of autographs. M. Cohn of Berlin, M. Neubner of Cologne, and Messrs. Scribner catalogues.

We have on our table The Leading Facts of French History by D. H. Montgomery (Ginn & Co.), The Dutch Home Labour Colonies, by H. G. Willink (Kegan Paul), - Henry M. Stanley, the African Explorer, y A. Montefiore (Partridge), -Ralph Waldo I merson, Philosopher and Seer, by A. B. Alcot (Stock), - An Essay on the Theology of the Didache with the Greek tion of the Peshito-Syriac Text of Hebrews, James, Text, by C. Taylor, D.D. (Bell), - A Transla1 Peter, and

1 John, by W. Norton (Bloom),

Knowing and Being, by J. Veitch, LL.D. (Blackwood), - Ars Quatuor Coronatorum: being the Transactions of the Lodge Quatuor Coronati, No. 2,076, London, edited by G. W. Speth, Vol. I. Parts I. to IV. (Margate, 'Keble's Gazette' Office), -Salmon Trout and Grayling, by F. M. Slums, by J. A. Ingham, jun. (Sonnenschein), Walbran (Leeds, Goodall & Suddick), City Pharisees Unveiled, by Mrs. G. Corbett (Tower Publishing Company), -John Ward, Preacher, by M. Deland (Warne), - Puck's Hall, by Mrs. R. H. Reade (Hamilton), - Queer People, by P. Cox by R. F. Hardy (Edinburgh, Oliphant, Anderson (Griffith & Farran), -Johnnie; or, Only a Life, & Ferrier), and The Young Queen, and other Stories, by E. S. Vicars (Bell).

Truman's (J.) Afterthoughts, cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl.
History and Biography.

Dampier (W.), by W. C. Russell, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. (English

Men of Action.)

Philology.

Cæsar's Commentaries: The Gallic War, Books 3, 4, and 5 edited C. E. Moberly, 12mo. 2/6 cl.

dangerous state with the secure position of Philip of Spain, who had never injured her, but whose revolting subjects she had assisted, whereas he had been the means of her life being preserved in the reign of her sister.

The heresy of Calvin will follow all other heresies, which have been more widely propagated than this, and will be extinguished in England; and the martyrs' prayers will prolong the life of Philip, who will play the game of the Catholic faith in England as he now is doing in France. He will prosecute the war with England because of his love for the English, over ■ whom he was once king. His departure was lamented by all Catholics. The Spaniards, too, are friendly to English Catholics, and have ■ received those kindly who have been driven into exile; and Philip has supported the college at Rheims, and another at Pintra in Spain, Valladolid, and had been anxious to befriend Catholics before the Queen of Scots' death, contrary to what the edict says. The defeat of the Armada was only a visitation of God, like many upon Israel which afterwards were redeemed by success, as it will be with Philip helped by the power of the Pope, who except in extreme cases i would not interpose in temporal matters with his spiritual power.

Π

i. e.

He proceeds to quote previous instances of Popes' interference by way of justifying Pius V. iin making Allen a cardinal. Allen and Parsons have nothing to gain by their conduct in English affairs. Elizabeth's councillors do but pretend a zeal for religion, for which they do not care a straw; but they make their profit out of the war, and are afraid of having to restore the plunder of the Church, if Catholicism should be re-established. Neither the Pope nor Philip would take up arms if the Catholic religion were again established. The Catholics would muster strong, especially those who through fear have been induced to pretend to defend the Calvinists, and those who have been so persecuted by Leicester. Many have learnt to despise the sordid sect of Calvin after thirty years' experience of it. And as to soldiers, they have scarcely any fit for work. Many went into Holland, and had recourse then to Catholic priests, especially at Easter. And there will be more on Christ's

d

side than on Calvin's, as the conversions daily increase (p. 146). There is, indeed, every hope of

- the conversion of England, which has defaulted not from its own fault, but its rulers'. One single priest known to the writer had converted in a short space of time three hundred to the Catholic religion, and this notwithstanding all the dangers involved in such conversion.

The edict falsely says that no one is condemned or hanged for religion, but only for treason quietly ignoring the 60l. monthly penalty for all who refuse to communicate with the heretics. And here he mentions two brothers the elder of whom wanted to resign his inheritance to the younger on plea of becoming a priest; but the younger refused on the same plea, and both became ecclesiastics, having been brought up in Calvinism. One was educated at

exitus of Leicester,* the horrible stench of Walsingham's body and the despair in which he died, and alludes to the cases of Judge Bell at Oxford, Fettiplace, Cheke, and Harlston.

He adds a prayer for Elizabeth, whose death cannot be far off, that she would listen to Cyprian's advice. But unfortunately she is unusually exposed to the advice of bad councillors. And he ends with the advice to Cecil at least to mitigate the sufferings of the Catholics, and asks him to give them liberty of professing their religion, taunting him with the fact that heretics trust Catholics for servants and confidential friends rather than their own party. They at least do not make the Queen's palace infame lupanar. The Chancellor's family were mostly Catholic. The Queen satis jam voluptatibus indulsit. It is time for her to think of the end, and it is Cecil's duty to endeavour to bring her to a sounder mind. This is the answer to Cecil's letter, and if he corresponds with the writer's advice, so it may happen that God will guide him into that truth which he professes to be in search of. Vale.

NICHOLAS Рососк.

"THE CANTERBURY POETS": 'W.S. LANDOR. 45, Great Marlborough Street, June 24, 1889.

My name appears as the writer of the preface to a small volume in this series. My friend Mr. Sharp is "general editor." If he generally edits as he has edited me his days in that post are numbered.

I wrote the preface, and corrected "proof," and rested content. To-day I receive a copy of the book, and I find that what stands over my

name is not what I wrote.

Short as it was, it is curtailed. The first pages are mangled beyond recognition; the last are omitted wholly. For the rest, the intellectual and euphonic relations of sentences are utterly altered by the omission of many whose place had

been studied.

The "general editor" may have much to say upon his side; I have nothing to say on mineonly to deny emphatically that I am the author of this preface. I gave Mr. Sharp some trouble, and was late with my copy, and the rest. Also, I sought to beguile the weariness of labour by light occasional references to that school of poets of whose writings (to repeat an old jest) Mr.

Sharp remains the most volum-inous exponent. In thus making his composition mine he has joyed a hideous revenge. ERNEST RADFORD.

LAUREL OR CYPRESS.

en

June 21, 1889.

In the celebrated "Fountain of Arethusa"

letter attributed to Nelson there occurs the expression, "Be assured I will return either crowned with laurel or covered with cypress." In an article which I contributed to the United Service Magazine of May last, I pointed out that the fabricator of the letter had taken this expression from a genuine letter of June 18th, 1798, where it runs: "Tell her [sc. Lady Hamilton] I hope to be presented to her crowned with laurel or cypress." I have lately noted the

But the heims the younger died, still labouring for the conversion of the English. He goes on with a quotation from Tertullian that the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church, many Calvinists having been converted on the spot by the constancy with which Catholics have suffered martyrdom, and the edict with all its terrors has only added to the number of priests who want to come to England. He then gives the address made to the Pope by one of eight who were going off to England in the hope that under Clement VIII. the faith lost under Clement VII. should be restored, and the Pope's reply, who could not refrain from tears, having been protector of the English College.

Rome, the other at Rheims; original of the phrase in Campbell's 'Lives

Lastly, he enumerates the penalties inflicted by God of old on the persecutors of the Christians, which he parallels with the turpissimus

the Admirals' (vol. ii. p. 94), a book with which

Nelson was well acquainted. It is there attributed to Opdam van Wassenaer in 1665, on his receiving orders to fight, contrary to his own judgment and the judgment of a council of war. "To

morrow," he said, " "my head shall be bound with laurel or cypress." cess." Campbell refers to Basnage, 'Annales des Provinces Unies, vol. i. p. 741, where the phrase is given, "Je serai demain couronné de Lauriers ou de Cypres, Mort ou Vainqueur." It will be noticed that Nelson's words are a more literal translation of Basnage's than Campbell's are, but nevertheless I think Nelson took them from Campbell. I doubt if he ever saw Basnage: with Campbell I know that he was familiar. J. K. LAUGHTON.

* Leicester died September 4th, 1588, and Walsingham April 6th, 1590.

SALE.

MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE

sold the second portion of the library of the Earl of Crawford last week. The sale occupied four days, and realized 7,3241. 4s. 6d., making a sum of 26,3971. 14s. produced already by this magnificent library, the first portion of which (ten days' sale) was sold in 1887. When the remaining portions will be brought on is not known, but not half of the collection is yet dispersed. The following prices are the more important ones realized last week: Esopi Fabulæ, first edition of the Greek text, 1480, 36l. 10s. Amadis de Gaul, the English translation of, 1567, 231. 10s.; this book sold for 6l. 10s. in the Osterley Park sale. Accompt of the Progresse of the Gospel amongst the Indians in New England, 1659, 49l. Balbi, Catholicon, 1460, printed on vellum, 300. Budæi Commentarii Linguæ Græcæ, Paris, 1548, a beautiful specimen of binding from the library of Diane de Poictiers, 305l. Cancionero Geral, Lisbon, 1516, 32l. Cicero on Old Age and Friendship, printed by Caxton in 1481, 3207. Christine of Pisa, Book of Fayttes of Armes and of Chyvalrye, translated into English and printed by Caxton in 1489, 235l. Clementis V. Constitutiones, printed on vellum, 1467, 791. Conciliorum Sacrorum Collectio cura J. D. Mansi, 1759-98, 541. Du Bartas, Devine Weekes and Workes, 1613, 25l. Duns Scoti Opera Omnia, 12 vols., 1639, 65l. Froissart, Croniques de France, &c., 3 vols., Paris, 1495-1500, beautifully bound by Lortic, 811. Historiæ Augustæ Scriptores, 2 vols., first edition, 1475, 321. Horatii Opera Omnia, first edition with a date, 1474, 201. 5s. Isocratis Orationes, first edition, 1493, 20l. 10s. Historiæ Societatis Jesu, 8 vols., 22l. Assemani, Codex Liturgicus Ecclesiæ Universe, 13 vols. in 7, 1749-66, 731. Booke of Christian Prayers, 1578, 261. 108.

Booke of the Common Prayer (first edition of King Edward VI.'s Prayer Book), 1549, 1551. Boke of Common Prayer (Second Book of Edward VI.), printed by Whytchurche, 1552, 1000. Boke of Common Praier, printed by Grafton, 1552, 60l. Booke of Common Prayer (Queen Elizabeth's) and Psalms in Metre, 1571, in ornamental binding of the period, 140l. Institution of a Christian Man, 1537, 221. 10s. Horæ Beatissimæ Virginis Mariæ ad Legitimum Sarisburiensis Ecclesiæ Ritum cum XV. Orationibus B. Brigittæ, 1526, 20l. 10s. Livre des Prières Communes, 1553, translated from the Second Book of King Edward VI. for the use of the inhabitants of the Channel Islands, 701. Manuale quoddam secundum Usum Matris Ecclesiæ Eboracensis, 1509, 80l. Missale Mixtum et Breviarium secundum Regulam Beati Isidori dictum Mozarabes, 2 vols., 1500-2, 370l. Mis

sale ad Usum Celeberrimæ Ecclesiæ Eboracensis, 1516, 250l. Prymer in Englyshe, 1535, 971. Horæ Beatissimæ Virginis Mariæ ad Legitimum Eboracensis Ecclesiæ Ritum, 1517, 105l. Primer in Englishe, 1545, 28l. Prymer in Latin and Englishe, known as "Queen Mary's Book," 1555, 271. Prymer in Englysh and Latyn, after the Use of Sarum, 28l. Prymer in

Englishe, with the Catechism set forthin

year of the reign of Queen Eliza

beth, 1558-9, 120l. Prymer in Englyshe set forthe by Jhon Byshoppe of Rochester, 1539, 911. The Order of the Communion, 1548, 551. Mandeville, Voyage to Hierusalem, 1483, 41l. Martialis Epigrammata, 1471, 26l. Missale secundum Usum insignis Ecclesiæ Sarum, printed on vellum (imperfect), without date, 60l. Missale ad Consuetudinem Ecclesiæ Sarum, 1523, 601. Livre intitule le Triumphe des Neuf Preux, 1487,80l. Petrarca, Sonetti, Canzoni, et Trionphi, first edition, printed on vellum, Venice, 1470, 121l. Plinii Historia Naturalis, first edition, 1469, 60l.; another copy on vellum, 1472, 119l. Quatre Filz Aymon, Lyon, 1506, 1271. Rychardə Cuer de Lyon, printed by Wynkyn de Worde, 1528, 61l. Sept Sages de Rome, Geneve, 1494, 100l. Valerii Maximi Facta et Memorabilia,