CHAPTER V.

The Cyrenaica and Pentapolis.

Modern Acceptation of the Term Barbary-Desert of Barca-

District of Marmarica-Its desolate State-Remains of an-

cient Improvement-Derna-Natural Advantages-Habits of

the People-Want of good Harbours-Ruins-Opinion of Pa

cho-Excavations and Grottoes-Cyrene-Details by Herodo-

tus-War with Egypt-Successes of the Persians-Form of

Government-Cyrene subject to Egypt-Persians-Saracens

-Present State of the Cyrenaica-Marsa-Suza-Ruins-Ap-

ollonia - Monuments of Christianity-Tombs - Theatres-

Style of Architecture-Amphitheatre-Temples-Stadium-

Hypogea-Notion of petrified Village-Account by Shaw-

Remark by Della Cella-Journey of Captain Smyth-State of

Ghirza-Fountain of Apollo-Description of it-Examined by

Capt. Beechey-Plain of Merge-Barca-History of Doubts

as to its real Position-Opinion of Della Cella-Ptolemeta or

Dolmeita-Fine Situation of the Town-Streets covered with

Grass and Shrubs-Extent of the City-Ruins-Theatres-

Magnificent Gateway-Supposed of Egyptian Origin-Hy.

pothesis of Della Cella-Disputed by Capt. Beechey-Taucra,

or ancient Teuchira-Unfavourable as a Seaport-Complete

Demolition of its Buildings-Ruins of two Christian Church-

es-Tombs-Variety of Greek Inscriptions-Mode of Burial

-Bengazi, or Berenice-Miserable Condition of the Place-

Plague of Flies-Population-Character of Inhabitants-Gar-

dens of the Hesperides-Glowing Descriptions of them by an-

cient Writers-Position indicated by Scylax-Labours of Cap-

tain Beechey-Conclusion
Page 114

CHAPTER VI.

Tripoli and its immediate Dependances.

Ancient Limits of the Pachalic-Great Syrtis seldom visited-

Della Cella and the Beecheys-Ghimines-Forts and Ruins-

Tabilba-Remains of a Castle-Curious Arch-Braiga, a

Seaport, and strongly garrisoned-Thought to be the ancient

Automala-Sachrin, the southern Point of the Gulf-Shape

of the Bay-Cato, Lucan, and Sallust-Muktar-Hudia-

Linoof-Mahiriga-Fortress-Tower of Bengerwad-Suppo-

sed to be that of Euphrantas-Charax-Medinet Sultan-

Shuaisha-Hamed Garoosh-Zaffran-Habits of the Natives

-Their Dress-The Aspis of Ancient Writers-Giraff-Cape

Triero-Mesurata-Sali-marshes-Gulf of Zuca-Lebida

Ruins-Narrative of Captain Smyth-Tagiura-Fertility-

Tripoli-Appearance-Tripoli believed to be of Moorish ori-

gin-Old Tripoli destroyed by the Saracens-Opinion of Leo

Africanus-Favourable Judgment formed by Mr. Blaquière-

Moral Character of the Tripolines-Statement by the Author

of Tully's Letters-Description of Tripoli by Captain Bee-

chey--Pacha's Castle-Mosques-Triumphal Arch-Inhabi-

tants divided into Moors and Arabs-Manner in which the

Turks spend their time-Peculiar Mode of conducting Con-

versation-Bedouins-Their Dress and Manners-The Pia-

nura or Fertile Plain-Visit to the Castle-Magnificence of

the Apartments-Pacha's principal Wife-Mode of Saluta-

tion-Refreshments-History of Tripoli-Knights of Malta-

Rajoot Rais-Admiral Blake-Sir John Narborough--Major

Eaton-Revolution by Hamet the Great-The Atrocities

which attended it-Fezzan-Siwah-Augila-Marabouts-

Scene witnessed by Captain Lyon-Drunkenness-Langua-

ges spoken at Tripoli

CHAPTER VII.

Tunis and its Dependances.

Page 153

Lands included in the Pachalic of Tunis-History resumed-

Abou Ferez-His Court, Bodyguard, and Council-Invasion

of Tunis by Louis IX.-Carthage reduced-Sufferings of the

French-Death of the King-Arrival of the Sicilian Crusa-

ders-Failure of the Expedition-Rise of the two Barbarossas,

Horuc and Hayradin-The former invited to assist the King

of Algiers-He murders him and seizes the Government-

The Usurper defeated and slain-Algiers occupied by Hayra-

din, who courts the protection of the Grand Seignior-Plans

an attack on Tunis-Succeeds in his Attempt-Excites the

Resentment of the Emperor Charles V.-The vast Prepara-

tions in Italy and Spain-Barbarossa prepares for Defence--

The Goletta is taken-A general Engagement ensues-The

Moors are defeated and Tunis falls-The Town is sacked

and plundered-Muley Hassan restored-Conditions-Ex-

ploits of Barbarossa-Spaniards expelled by Selim II.-Tu-

nisians elect a Dey-Government settled in a Bey-Rise of

Hassan Ben Ali-Power absolute-Administration of Jus-

tice Description of Tunis-Soil and Climate-Army-Su-

perstitions-Manners and Customs-Character of the Moors

-Avarice of the late Bey-Population of the Regency-

Revenue-Intemperance-Anecdote of Hamooda-Descrip-

tion of Carthage-Cisterns and Aqueduct-Remains of a

Temple-Appearance during the Fourth and Fifth Centuries

B

-Details by Edrisi-Remark by Chateaubriand--Bizerta- .

Utica-Hammam Leif-Sidi Doud-Kalibia-Ghurba-Nabal

-Keff-Tubersoke-Herkla-Sahaleel-Monasteer-Lemp-

ta-Agar-Demass-Salecto-Woodlif

Sfaitla-Gilma-Casareene-Feriana

CHAPTER VIII.

The Regency of Algiers.

Gabes-Jemme-

-

Page 193

Origin of the term Algiers-Importance attached to its History

-Boundaries of the State-Appearance of the Town-Its

Interior-Population-Fortifications-Narrow Streets-His-

tory resumed-Charles V. resolves to attack Algiers-His

Force-Preparations of Hassan Aga-Storm disables the

Spaniards-Loss of Ships and Men-Sufferings of the Army

Scattered at Sea-Fortitude of the Emperor-These Hos-

tilities had an earlier origin-Policy of Cardinal Ximenes-

Success of his Measures-Moors revolt, and invite Barbaros-

sa-Spaniards deprived of Oran-Expedition of Philip V.-

Oran destroyed by an Earthquake-French attack Algiers

under Beaulieu-And under Duquesne-The City and Batte-

ries destroyed-The Dutch, Danes, Swedes, Austrians, and

Russians, adopt different Measures-English make several

efforts to reduce the Corsairs-Insults during the reign of

George II.-Resolutions by Congress of Vienna-Expedition

of Lord Exmouth-Attack on Algiers-Terms acceded to-

Captives released-French Government offended-Expedi

tion under Bourmont-Account by Rozet-Present state of

Algiers-Revenue-War between Algiers and Tunis-Bona

-Tabarca-La Cala-Constantina-Antiquities -- Mileu-

Remains-Bujeya-Province of Titteri-Bleeda and Medea

-Burgh Hamza-Auzea-Beni Mezzab-Province of Tlem-

san-Capital-Arbaal-El Herba-Maliana-Aquæ Calida

Colonia-Oran-Recent History-Inhabitants-Geeza-Ca-

rastel-Mostagan-Jol, or Julia Cæsarea-Tefessad-Sher-

shell-Vicinity of Algiers-French Government-Attempt at

Colonization-Difficulties-Favourable Climate and Soil-

European Powers invited to co-operate-Late Publications

on the Subject
230

CHAPTER IX.

Empire of Morocco.

Boundaries of Morocco -Extent-Divisions-Fertility-Pro-

ductions-Not fully cultivated-Metallic Treasures, Iron,

Copper, Gold and Silver-Population-History-Aglabites

- Edrisites-Fatimites-Zuhites- Hamadians-Abn-Has-

sians-Abdallah-ben-Jasin-Almoravides-Almohades-Me-

rinites-Oatazi-Shereef Hassan-Various Races of Men-

Administration of Justice-Rude Government-Oppression-

Court-dress-Arrogance of the Moors-Their patient Endu-

rance-Equality of Rank-Mode of eating-Ceremony of Mar-

riage-Religion-Treatment of Christians and Jews-Reve-

nue-Melilla-Velez-Tetuan-Ceuta-Tangier-Arzillah-

El Haratch-Meheduma-Sallee-Rabat-Schella-Maza-

gan-Mogadore-Agadeer-Morocco-Population-Palace-

Fez-Edifices-Decayed State-Terodant- Mequinez -

Royal Residence-Manners of Inhabitants

CHAPTER X.

Commerce of the Barbary States.

Page 276

Benefits expected from a Trade with Africa-Plan of Bonaparte

and Talleyrand to raise in it colonial Produce-French have

always maintained Commercial Relations with Barbary-The

Fertility of Central Africa-The Congo and Niger-Market

at Bengazi-Ancient Trade of the Genoese-Exports from

Tunis-Imports-Commercial Lists of that Pachalic-Trade

diminished-Bad Policy of the Bey-System of Licenses-

Coins, Weights, and Measures at Tunis-Trade of Algiers

carried on by the Corsairs-Imports resemble those of Tunis

-Manufactures and Exports-Mode of Shipbuilding-Pres-

ent State of Commerce at Algiers-Trade with France, Eng-

land, Italy, Spain, and Tunis-Trade of Morocco-Mogadore

-Total Value of Exports and Imports-Intercourse with

Negro Nations-Coins, Weights, and Measures-Physical

Advantages of Northern Africa-Hopes of Improvement 298

CHAPTER XI.

Natural History.

Additional Knowledge of Africa supplied by the French-GE-

OLOGY-Great and Little Atlas-Structure of the former-

Succeeded by Tertiary Rocks-Supposed Extent_of_the

Greater Atlas-Cyrenean Mountains-Reflections on the Des-

ert-Relics of organized Bodies -Transition-rocks- Lime-

stone-Talc-slate-Mineral Species-Secondary Formation-

Limestone-shales-Marlstones and Sandstone - Imbedded

Minerals Extent of the Little Atlas-Metals-Tertiary

Rocks-Calcareous Sandstone, Clays, Porphyry, Dolerite,

Greenstone, and Basalt Blue Marl or London-clay-Or-

ganic Remains-Volcanic Rocks-Diluvian Formation-Soil

of Metijah-Postdiluvian Formation-Uniform Operation
of General Laws-ZOOLOGY-Scorpions and Serpents-
Bûska - Effah-Boah - Locusts-Quadrupeds-Horreh-

Aoudad-Nimmer-Heirie-Camel-Desert-horse-Birds-

Ostrich-El Rogr-Tibib-El Hage-Graab el Sahara-Ka-
raburno-Burourou-BOTANY-List of Plants-Hashisha-
Euphorbium-Silphium-Medicinal Qualities-Opinions of
Della Cella and Beechey-Reflections
Page 309

ENGRAVINGS.

MAP of the Barbary States

VIGNETTE-Fountain on the Road to Mount Bou Zaria.

Berbers.

Moorish Artisan and Female

Coffee-house and School at Byrmadrais

Rich Moor and Female.

To face the Vignette.

Page 65

Moorish Lady and Fashionable Moor

View of Algiers from the Land

View of a Street in Algiers.

Gate and Fountain of Bab El Ouad

View of Oran

Aqueduct of Mustapha Pacha