have precipitated the present crisis, Lexington, Concord, and Charlestown can best declare. May that God, to whom you, too, appeal, judge between America and you. Under his providence, those who influence the councils of America, and all the other inhabitants of the united colonies, at the hazard of their lives, are determined to hand down to posterity those just and invaluable privileges which they received from their ancestors.

"I shall now, sir, close my correspondence with you, perhaps forever. If your officers, our prisoners, receive a treatment from me different from that which I wished to show them, they and you will remember the occasion of it."

We have given these letters of Washington almost entire, for they contain his manifesto as commander-in-chief of the armies of the Revolution; setting forth the opinions and motives by which he was governed, and the principles on which hostilities on his part would be conducted. It was planting with the pen, that standard which was to be maintained by the sword.

In conformity with the threat conveyed in the latter part of his letter, Washington issued orders that British officers at Watertown and Cape Ann, who were at large on parole, should be confined in Northampton jail; explaining to them that this conduct, which might appear to them harsh and cruel, was contrary to his disposition, but according to the rule of treatment observed by General Gage towards the American prisoners in his hands;

KIND TREATMENT OF OFFICERS.

59

making no distinctions of rank. Circumstances, of which we have no explanation, induced subsequently a revocation of this order; the officers were permitted to remain as before, at large upon parole, experiencing every indulgence and civility consistent with their security.

CHAPTER IV

DANGERS IN THE INTERIOR.-MACHINATIONS OF THE JOHNSON FAMILY.-RE VALRY OF ETHAN ALLEN AND BENEDICT ARNOLD.-GOVERNMENT PERPLEXITIES ABOUT THE TICONDEROGA CAPTURE. MEASURES TO SECURE THE PRIZE. ALLEN AND ARNOLD AMBITIOUS OF FUTURE LAURELS.—PROJECTS FOR THE INVASION OF CANADA.-ETHAN ALLEN AND SETH WARNER HONORED BY CONGRESS.-ARNOLD DISPLACED BY A COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY.~ HIS INDIGNATION. -NEWS FROM CANADA. —THE REVOLUTION TO BE EX TENDED INTO THAT PROVINCE.-ENLISTMENT OF GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS.SCHUYLER AT TICONDEROGA. STATE OF AFFAIRS THERE. ELECTION FOR OFFICERS OF THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS.-ETHAN ALLEN DISMOUNTED.JOINS THE ARMY AS A VOLUNTEER.-PREPARATIONS FOR THE INVASION OF CANADA.-GENERAL MONTGOMERY.-INDIAN CHIEFS AT CAMBRIDGE.-COUNCIL FIRE. PLAN FOR AN EXPEDITION AGAINST QUEBEC. DEPARTURE OF TROOPS FROM TICONDEROGA.—ARRIVAL AT ISLE AUX NOIX.

E must interrupt our narrative of the siege of
Boston to give an account of events in other

quarters, requiring the superintending care of Washington as commander-in-chief. Letters from General Schuyler, received in the course of July, had awakened apprehensions of danger from the interior. The Johnsons were said to be stirring up the Indians in the western parts of New York to hostility, and preparing to join the British forces in Canada; so that, while the patriots were battling for their rights along the seaboard, they

RIVALRY OF ALLEN AND ARNOLD.

61

were menaced by a powerful combination in rear. To place this matter in a proper light, we will give a brief statement of occurrences in the upper part of New York, and on the frontiers of Canada, since the exploits of Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, at Ticonderoga and on Lake Champlain.

Great rivalry, as has already been noted, had arisen between these doughty leaders. Both had sent off expresses to the provincial authorities, giving an account of their recent triumphs. Allen claimed command at Ticon deroga, on the authority of the committee from the Connecticut Assembly, which had originated the enterprise. Arnold claimed it on the strength of his instructions from the Massachusetts committee of safety. He bore a commission, too, given him by that committee; whereas Allen had no other commission than that given him before the war by the committees in the Hampshire Grants, to command their Green Mountain Boys against the encroachments of New York.

"Colonel Allen," said Arnold, "is a proper man to head his own wild people, but entirely unacquainted with military service, and as I am the only person who has been legally authorized to take possession of this place, I am determined to insist on my right; and shall keep it [the fort] at every hazard, until I have further

orders." *

*Arnold to Mass. Comm. of Safety. Am. Arch, ii. 557.

The public bodies themselves seemed perplexed what to do with the prize, so bravely seized upon by these bold men. Allen had written to the Albany committee, for men and provisions, to enable him to maintain his conquest. The committee feared this daring enterprise might involve the northern part of the province in the horrors of war and desolation, and asked advice of the New York committee. The New York committee did not think themselves authorized to give an opinion upon a matter of such importance, and referred it to the Continental Congress.

The Massachusetts committee of safety, to whom Arnold had written, referred the affair to the Massachusetts Provincial Congress. That body, as the enterprise had begun in Connecticut, wrote to its General Assembly to take the whole matter under their care and direction, until the advice of the Continental Congress could be had.

The Continental Congress at length legitimated the exploit, and, as it were, accepted the captured fortress. As it was situated within New York, the custody of it was committed to that province, aided if necessary by the New England colonies, on whom it was authorized to call for military assistance.

The Provincial Congress of New York forthwith invited the "Governor and Company of the English colony of Connecticut" to place part of their forces in these captured posts, until relieved by New York troops; and Trumbull, the governor of Connecticut, soon gave notice