ence, Mrs. Wells was in close touch with the English women interested in the movement. The results of the work in the United States were used as a means of arousing public opinion in England.3

In 1918 the Association elected as its president, Miss Annie McCully, of the Dayton, Ohio Police Department. She, however, entered war service, the vice-president of the Association left the field of police service, and Mrs. Wells generously carried on the work of the Association until the 1919 conference.

During the years 1916 to 1919 the attention of the members and of the officers of the Association, as happened generally in organizations of this character, was directed to activities connected with the World War. At its first Annual Meeting after the war, held in Atlantic City, in June, 1919, the discussion of the few members present was based on experience gained in the protective work during the war. Under the Chairmanship of Miss Maude E. Miner (Mrs. Alexander Hadden) a section of the Conference of Social Work considered the relation of the police to delinquent and near-delinquent women and girls. It strongly urged that women should deal with the problems of such women and girls. At a session of the Annual Meeting of the Association it was moved that such workers should be regularly appointed women police and not officers

3 For instance, "Nineteenth Century," June, 1914, and "Women Police," Women's Freedom League, 144 High Holborn Street, London, 4-page undated pamphlet.

4 See Chapter VII.

of private protective associations with police powers.5

Former annual meetings had informally endorsed the creation of women's divisions in police departments. This session was the first to recommend, in the form of a motion, the establishment of a Woman's Bureau in each department which should be headed by a woman director.

The Association at this meeting elected as its President, Lieutenant Mina C. Van Winkle, Director of the Woman's Bureau of the Metropolitan Police Department of Washington, D. C. One of the first official acts of the new president was to send out a questionnaire for the purpose of securing information on the status of the work of women police throughout the country. A Tentative Digest of the replies to the inquiry was presented to the 1920 Annual Meeting held in New Orleans." This report added impetus to the growing movement, and a Committee was appointed to study and report on the functions of the parole officer, the probation officer, the protective officer, and the women police with particular reference to their respective places in a community plan for the prevention of delinquency. The report was presented at the meeting of the National Probation Association held in Milwaukee during the 1921 Conference of

5 Minutees of the 1919 Conference.

6 Chapter IX, Washington, D. C.

7 Tentative Digest of the Work of Women Police in the United States and Canada. A second questionnaire was sent out in 19221924. The information is now being compiled by the Association, Star Building, Washington, D. C.

Social Work. This meeting was attended by persons working in all four groups. Acting on this report it was moved that the sense of the meeting was that where women police are trained social workers preliminary investigations made by them should be accepted by the Juvenile Courts, and that probation officers should be responsible for followup work in probation cases after court action.

The 1922 Conference held in Providence, Rhode Island, indicated that women police had reached a significant place in the field of social work.10 Speakers discussed the work of the woman police officer in cooperation with probation departments and with institutions caring for delinquents, her methods of work and her contribution to general child welfare and protective and preventive social measures in relation to delinquency.

In this same year, Lieutenant Van Winkle, as President of the Association, was invited by Lady Astor to go to England to assist the English women interested in saving the principle of women officers in police departments which was jeopardized by the Geddes Report." During this visit Mrs. Van Winkle studied the movement in England and in some of the Continental countries where women police are employed.

8 This report with some modifications appeared in the Journal of Social Hygiene, 370 Seventh Avenue, New York City. Single copies 10c. June, 1924, under the title, "Functions of Police Women' by Henrietta Additon.

9 Communicated by Lieutenant Mina C. Van Winkle, April 6, 1925. 10 The Survey, July, 1922.

11 See Chapter I, Women Patrols.

In the 1923 Washington Meeting the Association reaffirmed the principle for which it had stood.12 Here a resolution was adopted affirming the belief of the association that: (a) "Where women are employed in a police department they shall function in one unit as a Woman's Bureau, and shall have a woman in charge who shall be known as the director of the Woman's Bureau and shall be immediately responsible to the Chief of Police, or to the Commissioner of Police, or to the Commissioner of Public Safety, and she shall have rank equal with other such officers as are immediately subordinate to him." (b) "That policewomen shall carry out a preventive and protective program which will include social protection of women and children." (c) "That policewomen shall deal with all cases in which women and children are involved, either as offenders or as victims of offenses."

The formal and more general activities of this Association have been limited by the fact that its officers and members have been compelled to concentrate their efforts and their time on the building up in their own communities of the work of women police. The two presidents, Mrs. Wells and Mrs. Van Winkle, have both given unstintingly of their time, during their incumbencies, to forward the movement. The ten annual conferences have provided the possibility of interchange of thought on the various phases of the work and the printed re

12 Bulletin No. 2, May, 1924, International Association of Police

women.

ports of addresses are of value to the students of the movement in this country. In addition to the responses for general lectures and advice on the subject of women police, the Association has attempted, so far as its limited funds would permit, to act as a clearing house for information and for the placing of women officers.

The present president has continuously sought help from other groups interested in this movement, notably the General Federation of Women's Clubs, the Bureau of Social Hygiene and the American Social Hygiene Association.

Through its Committee on Institutional Relations of the Division of Social and Industrial Conditions of the Department of Public Welfare, Lieutenant Van Winkle appeared on the Program of the General Federation of Women's Clubs at its Biannual Meeting in 1924, at which meeting it was "resolved that the General Federation of Women's Clubs cooperate with the International Association of Policewomen, in the development of Women's Bureaus in Police Departments, officered and manned by trained women.''13

on

Miss Julia Jaffray, Chairman of the Committee Problems of Delinquency, is now working through this committee to create intelligent consideration by women's clubs of the work of policewomen.1

14

The American Social Hygiene Association, par13 Communicated by Miss Julia Jaffray, Chairman of the Committee.

14 Formerly the Committee on Institutional Relations.