ticularly through its Departments of Protective and Legal Measures, has been interested in the woman police as an important factor in a community program for the protection of its young people and for the prevention of delinquency.

The International Association of Policewomen has accepted the cooperation of the American Social Hygiene Association in this part of the program. The Annual Meeting of the International Association of Policewomen, held in Toronto, June, 1924, authorized the appointment of a committee of six whose functions should include the formulation of a plan of cooperation with the American Social Hygiene Association and other organizations in an endeavor to enlarge the field of activity of women police.

This Committee of Six has revised the constitution and outlined definite policies of action which were accepted at the annual meeting held in Denver, Colorado, in June, 1925.

Acting on the authority granted at the Toronto Conference, the President with the advice of the Committee of Six appointed a Field-Executive Secretary to carry out a constructive program of work in the field in cooperation with other organizations.15 An office is maintained in Washington, D. C., where information and advice may be obtained.16

15 Dr. Mary B. Harris (resigned July 1, 1925), International Association of Policewomen, Evening Star Building, Washington, D. C., Room 420, Pennsylvania Avenue and 11th Street.

16 International Association of Policewomen. Minutes 1924 Annual Meeting.

At the Annual Conference of Social Work, held in Toronto, Canada, in June, 1924, the Association of Policewomen was for the first time an integral part of the General Conference. They held their meetings in the group of agencies for the prevention and treatment of delinquency, and their special group meetings were arranged as were those of related groups.

The 1924 Annual Meeting re-elected Lieutenant Van Winkle as President. Deputy Commissioner Eleonore L. Hutzel, Director of the Women's Division of the Detroit Police Department, was elected Vice President, and Police Officer Ruth Saunders, of the Richmond, Virginia Force, was made Secretary-Treasurer. In addition to these officers, seven regional directors were chosen.1

The Constitution as revised by the Committee of Six, sets forth as the objects of the Association "to fix standards for the service of policewomen, to secure the appointment of qualified policewomen, to encourage the establishment of Women's Bureaus in Police Departments and to promote such service internationally."

The Constitution as revised provides that membership shall be open to official women police, policematrons, and interested individuals; that an executive committee composed of the officers of the Association shall be responsible for the fiscal policy; that there shall be seven regional directors who shall be qualified women police in active service and 17 Minutes, 1924 Annual Meeting.

an International Council of not less than 50 members who shall advise with the officers on request. The Committe of Six will act in an advisory capacity.

The present membership of the Association numbers at least 179 of which the majority are women police in active service. The Association's annual dues are $1.00 and subscription to the Monthly Bulletin is $1.50 in addition.

CHAPTER XI

COMMUNITY PROBLEMS AND THE POLICE

Legitimate police functions-Public agencies-Private protective agencies-The police department: Women police.

The average person accepts the police departments as a part of the established order of things, and their functions as static. As a matter of fact, the police are a fairly recent institution and many changes have occurred in their functions. The modern police force of the Metropolis of London dates only from 1828. This was the first modern urban police force in the world. The man police officer was first a volunteer, then inadequately paid by a committee and finally employed full time on full pay and forbidden to engage in other remunerative work.1

Thus the modern police developed from a group of civilians with no qualified administrative head and no definite organization or discipline to a semimilitary body with a trained directing head whose business it is to create an organization and to maintain discipline.

1 Police Administration-Leonhard Felix Fuld.

LEGITIMATE POLICE FUNCTIONS

Today among the activities which are accepted as legitimate functions of the police are the protection of life and property, the preservation of public order and the prevention and detection of crime. There is an increasing tendency to accept as a matter of course, the punitive functions of the police, and to place the larger emphasis on the preventive functions. Indeed, there is a rapidly growing sentiment that the ultimate goal of all police work should be the prevention of crime and delinquency.

2

The preventive function of the police may be compared to the same function as exercised by health officials. These latter recognize, in a program for the prevention of communicable diseases, two primary factors: (a) The protection of the individual susceptible to a disease from contact (exposure) with persons suffering from it, and (b) the dissemination of information relating to the manner in which this disease can be prevented. These

2 See: Leonard Dunning (Oxford Graduate, 12 years District Inspector of Police in Ireland; Assistant Head Constable, Liverpool, England, for 9 years; 10 years Head Constable in Liverpool, and since 1912, one of H. M. Inspectors of Constabulary), A. Par. 17. Reports of the Committees on the Employment of Women on Police Duties. Cmd. 877 and Cmd. 2224. Richard E. Enright, Commissioner of Police, New York City, since January, 1918, Annual Reports, 1920-1922. Arthur Woods, Commissioner of Police, New York City, April, 1914, to January, 1918, Crime Prevention, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1918, price $1.00. Leonhard Felix Fuld, Police Administration, 1909, G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. Raymond B. Fosdick, American Police Systems, Century Company, New York City, Constitution, Article 1, Section 2, International Association of Chiefs of Police.