the cause of women police throughout the country. Little demand was made by the provinces for trained women police and the Bristol Training School was closed. Liverpool School: 16 In November, 1914, a Committee was appointed by the Liverpool Branch of the National Council of Women to consider the organization of Women Patrols in those parts of the city and district where soldiers and girls were brought into dangerous contact with each other especially in the evenings. The following January, Miss M. H. Cowlin was appointed to organize a band of voluntary workers to meet this situation. These volunteer patrols were often asked to assist the police in special inquiries, and they cooperated whenever possible in their work on the streets. They attended the courts daily and were constantly appealed to to assist women and girls to prepare their evidence when applying for separation or affiliation orders, and to remain in court during the hearings. This friendly cooperation with the police and the fact that the work had been stabilized by an annual grant from the city, made their center a specially valuable one for the training of women police in cooperation with the University School of Social Studies, and they federated with the Women Police Training schools already established in Bristol and Glasgow. Scottish School: Early in 1918, the Standing 16 History of the Liverpool Women Police Patrols and Training Schools for Women Police. Miss M. H. Cowlin, January 6, 1923. Committee of the Branches of the National Council of Women foresaw the need for trained, whole-time, official women police to take over and develop the work of patrols (1921). In June of that year, they opened the Scottish Training School and the town council gave the facilities for training. That autumn the school trained 3 women, and in January, 1919, it trained 12 patrols for the Women's Royal Air Force (1923). The Committee soon decided that it was futile to train women for posts which did not exist. They, therefore, turned their efforts toward creating a public demand for the appointment of women police. In November, 1919, the Scottish Office asked the Director of the Glasgow School, Miss Edith Tancred, to prepare a draft scheme for women police for Scotland, embodying conditions of service that would provide a fair test of such work (1924). Before any definite plan was perfected, the Home Office appointed a Committee of Inquiry and special negotiations were discontinued. Federated Training Schools: Sometime in the course of events the three schools of the National Council of Women formed a Central Committee of Federated Training Schools for Women Patrols and Police Women. They receive a grant from the Carnegie Trust, providing scholarships in the form of Maintenance-2 guineas per week-while in attendance at school (705). A plan of cooperation in training was evolved whereby the student received three months practical court and street work (658). At present, in Great Britain, outside of training schools within police departments, there is but one special school for the training of women policethat which is under the auspices of the Women's Auxiliary Service, and they have actually no students. RÉSUMÉ The training of women police has two distinct features: the one embracing training and experience before entry into public work, and the other definite instruction in actual police duties. The present tendency everywhere seems to be that women police are to be graduates at least of secondary schools and are to have social service or other experience which will have prepared them to cope with the problems encountered in the execution of the preventive functions of the police. Once accepted as women police the trend in England is toward the completion of their training in police schools and perhaps in some one central school. Poland is now following this system. Indications are that in the United States the schools of social service and universities departments of sociology, social and political economy, public health and social service administration, will, as the need arises, include courses for women police in their curricula as they have done in other allied fields. It is quite in line with the trend of police organi zation that, one by one, the larger departments of police, public safety or public welfare will deem such instruction a necessary part of the training required for entrance into this and perhaps other branches of the service. The future surely holds out many interesting possibilities of development in this field of endeavor. |