to the Women Police Service for training. In due time they were returned to the city whence they came and today they are still employed by the chief constable and are proving themselves valuable public servants. In June, 1920, members of the Service were supplied to the authorities to work under the Royal Irish Constabulary. After the English Treaty with Ireland the members of the service on duty were returned to their headquarters, and for some months the link with Ireland seemed broken. But in June, 1922, it was renewed, when by the request of the Secretary of Home Affairs in Northern Ireland, Sir Dawson Bates, Commandant Allen went to Belfast to discuss the advisability of the appointment of members of her service for duty with the Royal Ulster Constabulary. The conditions in Ulster called for women to deal with political offenders and, early in July, 16 members of the Women's Auxiliary Service were on duty in various places in the north, where they are still serving. Commandant Allen visited Belfast in January, 1923, to address meetings there and in Londonderry on the need for the permanent employment of women, with full police powers on police duties. These meetings were largely attended and the audiences were most enthusiastic. Owing to the fine work of the Women Citizens' Association and other organizations, these meetings were being followed up by further propa

8"These women became the nucleus of the present Women Police Service in Ulster." Time and Tide, 88 Fleet Street, London, E. C. 4, June 20, 1924, p. 591. Price 4d.

ganda. Deputations composed of representative Ulster men and women arranged by the Belfast Women Citizens' Association waited on the Secretary of Home Affairs. The policewomen in Northern Ireland were sworn in as constables.

SCOTLAND

Volunteer Women Patrols were organized in Scotland in 1914 by the Scottish Branch of the National Council of Women. The first move for the appointment of an official woman police was made by the Scottish Vigilance Association. At the request of this organization, the Glasgow Corporation, in August, 1915, asked the opinion of the Scottish Office on the appointment of a woman police officer in Glasgow. The Scottish Secretary sanctioned (52) this appointment but cited a previous "Opinion" of the Lord Advocate that women could not act as constables in Scotland.

The Police Factories Act made it possible to pay women police officers in Great Britain from police funds. This Act, however, had little effect in Scotland inasmuch as the police pay and clothing grant was stereotyped and since there was no possibility of securing a larger police grant, the employment of women police in Scotland was for a long time blocked.

In September, 1918, a deputation from Glasgow, Dundee and Aberdeen requesting that the appointment of women police be legalized was received in Edinburgh by the Scottish Secretary who agreed, in

principle, that such appointments could be made, but could offer no solution as to the payment of their salaries from police funds.

The National Council of Women, in June, 1918, opened the Scottish Training School for Policewomen and Patrols. The object of the school -which was financed by private funds-was to foster the appointment in Scotland of trained fulltime official women police to take over and develop the work being carried on by voluntary patrols. The Glasgow Town Council cooperated by giving all possible facilities for the training of students. During the autumn months 3 women were trained in the school, 2 of whom worked for a year in Edinburgh employed by the National Vigilance Association. In 1920 one of them became Edinburgh's first official woman police (1923). Twelve women patrols were trained for the Royal Air Force in 1919.

There was little demand for trained women police and the Training School Committee soon realized that it was useless to train women for posts that did not exist.10 They therefore turned their efforts toward the education of public opinion in Scotland. "1 In the eighteen months preceding April, 1920, over

See Chapter XIV, Training Schools.

10 One of the vexing questions in Great Britain as well as in the United States is to regulate or coordinate demand and supply. The Chief Constable in Glasgow said "when I told the Training School

I would be glad for recommendations from them, they had

no women to recommend." (2200).

11 Mr. David Buchan Morris, representing the Convention of the Royal Burghs, agreed with this need for education. "I have formed (2528) the opinion that the police authorities in the Scottish Burghs, especially the smaller ones, have not given the matter very full con

30 meetings were addressed in Glasgow and twothirds of the Ward Committees sent to the Town Council resolutions favoring women police. In Edinburgh over 20 meetings had been held. At the invitation of societies similar to the Women Citizens' Association and the Cooperative Women's Guild, 22 meetings were held in other towns in in Scotland.

On April 2, 1919, the subject of women police appeared on the agenda of the Annual Convention of Burghers, and it was moved "that the views be ascertained of the municipalities administering their own police affairs in Scotland regarding the expediency of employing women police and that it be referred to the Annual Committee to take steps to make effective the views of the municipalities who have favored the proposal" (2519). A circular to this effect was immediately sent to 29 Burghs, handling their own police affairs, all of whom responded. The summary of replies reported to the Annual Committee of the Convention on July 9, 1919, and forwarded to the Scottish Office showed that 7 of the large towns favored the appointment of women police-Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee, Aberdeen, Ayre, Dumfermline, and Rothay. These 7 towns represented more than half of the town population of Scotland 12 (1923).

sideration. This largely arises from the fact that such experience as has been gained has not been generally available, and that there is not a sufficient body of information to go upon."

12 In March, 1920, with three exceptions, these opinions remained practically without change.

Two Burghs, while favorable to the general idea, considered that conditions in their particular Burgh did not warrant the appointment of women officers, and the remaining 20 were indifferent or unfavorable to the principle. Glasgow replied that the Watching and Lighting Committee had agreed to recommend that a number of women be appointed to the city police force. The Town Council of Glasgow having been approached by some women's societies (2171), asked the chief constable to report on the matter.13

14

The excllent work of the only woman police 1 in Glasgow influenced both the Town Council and the chief constable in their decision to appoint 10 women police, a decision not immediately executed.

The Scottish Office on August 1, 1919, issued Circular No. 1485 which while stating that women officers could not have police powers, allowed the pay and clothing for full-time women police to rank in claims on the police grant. The Police Act of this same month and the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act advanced the movement materially in Scotland. In February, 1920, the Scottish Office circularized the chief constables in Scotland as to the effect of this last named bill.

4

Beside the several women attached to the police in 1920, but without power of arrest, there was a number of women called "women police" or "women patrols" working in various cities in conjunction

13 Evidently as a result of the public meetings referred to above. 14 Appointed about 1916 (2647).