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The price of the binding cents. The volumes are published quarterly, each volume is 50 cents a volume. As they are always bound to one containing as much matter as a quarterly review gives in pattern, there will be no difficulty in matching the future | eighteen months. volumes. WASHINGTON, 27 DEC., 1845. Or all the Periodical Journals devoted to literature and science which abound in Europe and in this country, this has appeared to me to be the most useful. It contains indeed the exposition only of the current literature of the English language, but this by its immense extent and comprehension includes a portraiture of the human mind in the utmost expansion of the present age. J. Q. ADAMS. LITTELL'S LIVING AGE. -NO. 285.-3 NOVEMBER, 1849. From the Dublin University Magazine. MEMOIR OF SIR ROBERT MURRAY KEITH, K. B.* tember, 1730, was the eldest son of Robert Keith, who was for some time ambassador at the courts of Vienna and St. Petersburg, and of the ancient THIS is the memoir of an upright diplomatist, line of the Keiths of Craig, in Kincardineshire. a character which we are disposed to hope is not altogether so rare as many think; at all events, the work before us shows that there once lived an envoy who, with a sound judgment and a perfect acquaintance with his position, combined the directness of a soldier, and the honor of a true knight. The character of Keith is developed by the most satisfactory of all methods, the exhibition of his own letters, together with those of his cor was respondents, and in this manner laid open to the personal honor unquestioned, but, what we wish could be said of every minister in every land, in all his transactions he never sought to sap the in tegrity of others. His simple answer to an inquiry respecting the secret-service money placed at his disposal was, that in the twenty-five years dur ing which he had been employed in various missions, he had never charged a shilling to the account His mother was a daughter of Sir William Cunningham of Caprington, a family in which there were two baronetcies, both now represented by Sir Robert Keith Dick Cunningham of Preston field, near Edinburgh. Robert Murray's brother was Sir Basil Keith, who died in 1777, governor of Jamaica; and his sister was Mrs. Anne Murray Keith, the friend of Sir Walter Scott, and whose engaging character the novelist, as he himself tells, endeavored to portray under that of Mrs. Bethune Baliol, in the "Chronicles of the Canongate." Keith was early thrown upon the world. His father's duties kept him much abroad, and at the early age of eleven he lost his admirable mother, to whose training, even up to that period, his family ascribe much of the tenderness and delicacy of feeling which marked his character. He was for a time at the High School of Edinburgh, but at sixteen was removed to an academy in London, with, apparently, the object of being prepared for the army, as in a letter of this date to his un cle, Sir Robert Dick, he says "My present studies are, riding the great horse, fencing, French, fortification, music, and drawing." He seems, however, to have been well-instructed in the clas of government for secret service. The correspon- sics, as he was, in after life, enabled to make use dence embraces letters from the celebrities of the And saved, from outrage worse than death, It was a proud and happy hour for our ambassador, Robert Murray Keith, born on the 20th of Sep*"Memoir and Correspondence of Sir Robert Murray Keith, K. B." Edited by Mrs. Gillespie Smyth. 2 vols. 8vo. London: Colburn. 1849. of Latin as a means of intercourse in parts of Europe where he could not easily have availed himself of any other tongue. His acquirements in modern languages were, at that time, quite unusual. French he wrote and spoke like a native, and he was almost equally conversant with Dutch, German, and Italian. These acquisitions attest that early diligence, without which distinctions are not often gained; nor did they embrace the whole of his polyglot store, as we find him subsequently alluding to his "ten tongues." On leaving school he obtained a commission in a Highland regiment in the Dutch service, known by the name of the "Scotch-Dutch," and remained there until he was two-and-twenty, when the corps was disbanded. After having graduated in the Scotch-Dutch as a captain, he transferred his services to one of the German states, with the object of improving himself in military science. Whatever knowledge he then acquired was dearly purchased by the hardships and privations to which he was exposed. The allowances were so insufficient that there was not enough of fuel, and the necessity which Keith was under of keeping guard over his store of firewood, during the depth of a severe winter, brought on in him, we are told, a habit of somnambulism. Keith served in an active The Castle of Cronenburgh, near Elsinore, supposed campaign under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, to be the scene Shakspeare's tragedy. 13 and afterwards acted for a while as adjutant-gen- | and activity." Another account says:-" The brigeral, and as secretary to Lord George Sackville, ade formed of grenadiers and Highlanders distinwho at that time commanded the English branch guished themselves remarkably on this occasion." of the allied forces. On the resignation of that In the battle of Fellinghausen, in July, 1761, the conduct of the Highlanders (who had now acquired nobleman, he was again without employment, but the character of veteran soldiers) was again honored his own services and his father's interest had in- by a flattering mark of approbation by the comfluence enough with Mr. Pitt to secure his ap- mander-in-chief. "His Serene Highness Prince pointment to the command of a new Highland force about to be raised and sent to the scene of war in Germany. The corps was to consist of five companies, and Keith's rank was that of major-commandant. His commission was made out in the most gratifying manner, his command being quite a separate one, and only under Prince Ferdinand and Lord Granby. It was not long before "Keith's Highlanders" became well known to the public. General Stewart of Garth, in his spirited account of the Highland regiments, after remarking that the body commanded by Keith joined the allied army under Prince Ferdinand, in 1759, observes-"The opinion early formed of this corps may be estimated from the fact of their having been ordered to attack the enemy the third day after they arrived in the camp of the allies. In what manner this duty was executed, may be learned from the following statement" : Ferdinand of Brunswick has been graciously pleased to signify his entire approbation of their conduct on the 15th and 16th of July. The soldier-like perseverance of the Highland regiments in resisting and repulsing the repeated attacks of the chosen troops of France, has deservedly gained them the highest honor. The intrepidity of the little band of Highlanders merits the highest praise." He adds-"The humanity and generosity with which the soldiers treated the great flock of prisoners they took, does them as much honor as their subduing the enemy."* After the battle of Fellinghausen, Keith wrote to his father that Prince Ferdinand, to show his sense of the gallantry of the Highlanders, "deigned to embrace your son in the presence of all the general officers, which favor he accompanied with the most flattering expressions of regard for the brave little bodies." So high was their reputation that Marshal Broglie, who commanded the troops to which they were opposed, said, in reference at once to their stature and their courage, "that he once wished he were a man six feet high, but that now whole detachment, attacked the village of Eyback, he was reconciled to his size, since he has seen sword in hand, where Baron Fremont's regiment the wonders performed by the little mountaineers." The Highlanders, under Major Keith, supported by the hussars of Luehnec, who commanded the of dragoons were posted, and routed them with great slaughter. The greater part of the regiment was killed, and many prisoners taken, together with 200 horses and all their baggage. The Highlanders distinguished themselves greatly by their intrepidity, which was the more remarkable, as they were no other than raw recruits just arrived from their own country, and altogether unacquainted with regular discipline. The testimony to their good conduct wherever they were known did them equal honor. As they marched through Holland, on their route home. they were received with acclamations, the women presenting them with laurel leaves, and the children imitating their dress and swords. In England they were hospitably entertained at the different towns through which they passed; and at The good opinion which Prince Ferdinand Derby not only was no payment accepted from formed of this corps, led him to recommend its them for quarters, but subscriptions were raised to being augmented. This was accordingly done, give gratuities to the men. This last exhibition and the men who had been inarched down from of feeling, we may be well assured, arose not the Highlands, and embodied at Perth and Stirling, joined the allies in Germany in 1760. They were immediately paid the distinguished honor of being placed in the grenadier brigade. The campaign having opened (says Gen. Stewart) on the 20th July, 1760, the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick marched for the camp at Kelle, with a body of troops, including the two battalions of English grenadiers and two of Highlanders; and on the 30th, in a smart action, defeated the enemy with considerable loss. The prince, in writing to George II. an account of the battle, after stating the loss of the enemy at fifteen hundred men, and more than an equal number of prisoners, adds, "Ours, which was moderate, fell chiefly on Maxwell's brave battalion of English grenadiers, and two regiments of Scotch Highlanders, which did wonders." On a subsequent occasion, that of a night attack on a fortress, he says:-" The Scots Highlanders mounted the breaches, sword in hand, supported by the chasseurs. The service was complete, and the troops displayed equal courage, soldier-like conduct, merely from an admiration of their heroism, but from the grateful recollection of the people of the town, that when the Highlanders were there under Charles Edward, they had respected persons and property, and conducted themselves in all respects with exemplary propriety. The Highland corps was disbanded in the summer of 1763, and the following year was passed by Keith chiefly in Paris, where he was received with a great deal of attention. In 1765 he returned to London, and for four years formed one of a set of clever men, most of whom held high appointments in the government, and who all lived much together. In the interval he was given the regular rank of colonel in the British army, and in 1769 was appointed envoy to the court of Saxony. Mr. Pitt, who was disposed to be his friend, was aware of his acquirements, and had * "No trait in the character of the Highlander was," says Mr. Gillespie Smyth, "more noticed in the army, than the respect paid by them to their chaplain, Mr. Mасaulay, and the influence he possessed with them." the opportunity of knowing something of his busi-ing, and without having a bitter recollection of what ness habits, and no doubt thought that he was well I suffered. We ascertained, however, that he was Now I'm about it, I'll give you a little sketch of my way of living. Morning, eight o'clock Dish of coffee, half a basin of tea, billets dour, embroiderers, toymen, and tailors. Ten-Business of Europe; with a little music now and then, pour engayee les affaires. Twelve-Devoirs at one or other of the courts (for we have three or four.) From thence to fine ladies, toilettes, trifles, and tender things. Two-Dine in public-three courses and a dessert; venture upon a half glass of pure wine, to exhilarate the spirits without hurting the complexion. Four-Rendezvous, sly visits, declarations, éclairecissements, &c. &c. Sir-Politics, philosophy, and whist. Seven-Opera, appartement, or private party. A world of business, jealousies, fears, poutings, &c. After settling all these jarring interests, play a single rubber at whist, en attendant le souper. Ten-Pick the wing of a partridge, propos galans, scandal, and petites chansons. Crown the feast with a bumper of Burgundy from the fairest hand; and at twelve steal away mysteriously-home to bed! There's a pretty lutestring kind of life for you! a Calvinist, and he said so himself; and Heaven is my witness that from that moment I did not hesitate. I refused the hand of milord maréchal, and two days afterwards he set out to return to his own country, from whence he wrote to say that grief and despair would lead him to acts that might bring him to the scaffold. There, my child, is the history of the only predilection I ever had in my life for any one except M. Créqui, to whom I was honest enough to talk of it without reserve. The lovers never met again until the lady was a grandmother, and the chevalier three score years and ten. The scene is described by Madame de Créqui, as before : The visit of the Maréchal of Scotland took place in the presence of Madame de Nevers, and it moved her to the depths of her soul. You were then born, my dear grandson, and the maréchal was seventy years of age. "Listen," said he, "listen to the only French verses I ever composed, and perhaps the only reproaches that ever were addressed to you : Un trait, lancé par caprice, Vol. i., p. 137. The lord marischal was, on the intercession of the King of Prussia, restored to his estates in Scotland, and Mr. Adolphus says that having then but lately returned from Spain, he, to show his gratitude, communicated to our government their earliest information on the subject of the remarkable treaty known as the "Family Compact." He was the brother of the gallant Marshal Keith, to whom, we may observe, our Sir Robert Murray Keith erected a monument at Hochkirchen, where he fell, and the inscription on which was written by Metastasio. The lord marischal retained, until he was past eighty, the winning liveliness of his manner; and Madame de Créqui, surviving him many years, died at nearly a hundred. In telling of a run which he made to Berlin, Keith describes the great Frederick as younger, handsomer, and livelier by far than he had figured to himself, his conversation as keen and interesting, and his looks, when he was in good humor, as agreeable." While there, he made the acquaintance of a remarkable man, who was a near relative of his own-George Keith, ninth Earl Marischal of Scotland, who, on account of the part he took in the rebellion of 1715, was obliged to leave his country, and was invited by Frederick to reside, as his friend, in Berlin. The lord marischal deserves some episodal notice. At the age of four-and-twenty he arrived in Paris on a mission from the English Jacobites, and while residing there with his uncles the Dukes of Perth and Melfort, he became attached to a young lady of great beauty, and of the noble family of De Breteuil. After a two years' residence in Dresden, Keith One day he said to her, apropos to nothing-" If was, much to his sorrow, sent as ambassador to I dared to fall in love with you would you ever for- the court of Denmark. It pained him to give up give me?" "I should be enchanted," was the fair the intimacies he had formed in Saxony; and he reply; and the handsome Scotchman was per- could not contemplate without repugnance the mitted to read Spanish with the object of his love. colder climate and more formal manners of DenAs to English, no one then thought of learning it mark. The appointment was, however, a proof or any other northern language. The marischal's of the confidence which the government reposed proposal of marriage was formally made and regu- in him, and eventually proved to be the means of larly submitted to the heads of the family, amongst extending his influence and reputation. To show whom was unluckily an aunt, who shrieked at the idea, "because the Maréchal of Scotland must be a Protestant." The sequel of piety, constancy, and despair is told by the lady herself, when young no more, and after having been long married to another:一 how greatly he was regarded in Dresden we may mention that the electress dowager, of whose talents and character he had always expressed a high opinion, was, during his stay in Denmark, his weekly correspondent, and, as he said himself, "on as easy a footing as my sister Anne." Keith's connection with this northern court I had never thought of that! The discovery burst upon me so suddenly and so grievously that I leads to the story of that young, fair, and injured cannot, even now, dwell upon it without shudder-princess, Carolina Matilda, Queen of Denmark, were arrayed the ladies, and on the other the men; and at the end were two rows of young women, dressed in white, who strewed flowers before her majesty as she approached." How irresistibly (says Mrs. Gillespie Smyth) do these details of the contemporary chronicler in the quaint language of the times the "bloom-colored" dress, white wreath, and flowers strewed before the virgin bride by the young maidens of her new dominions-suggest to those acquainted with the sad sequel, the idea of an unconscious victim proceeding to her doom! Yet, among those who witnessed this brilliant reception, who would have ventured to predict that within five years the interposition of her royal brother of England would have been called for, to rescue from popular fury and the virulence of faction, the princess so enthusiastically hailed; or imagine that the cannon which pealed the welcome from the forts of her new capital would, within that period, with extorted courtesy, give the signal of her perpetual exile from a kingdom of which she had been the delight and ornament? It was not until after the event, that an honest eye-witness thus remarks: "The tears of her majesty on parting from the dear country in which she drew her first breath, might have inspired in those who beheld them gloomy forebodings as to the issue of the voyage she was about to undertake."-Vol. i., p. 63. Carolina Matilda was the posthumous child of Frederick Prince of Wales, and sister of King George III. She was, from her earliest years, remarkable for the sweetness of her character, and her mind was highly cultivated. To an acquaintance with the classics she added a knowledge of French and German, which she spoke with perfect fluency. Her charities, while a girl, made her known to the indigent in the neighborhood of Kew; and when Queen of Denmark she often took with her own hands supplies of money to the poor, with stockings for their children, knitted by herself and her ladies. She was above the middle height, well-formed, yet inclined to embonpoint. "Her face was a regular oval, and her eyebrows, arched with symmetry, added sweetness and expression to her beautiful eyes. Her lips and teeth exhibited the lively colors of coral and the whiteness of alabaster. She had a good complexion, although not so fair as some of the royal In January, 1768, the young queen gave birth family, and her hair was of a light chestnut. Her to a son; but notwithstanding the event, the voice was sweet and melodious, and her aspect queen dowager continued to practise her amrather gracious than majestic; but she had in her bitious arts, and to avail herself of the ascendency tout ensemble a most prepossessing physiognomy." Such was she at sixteen, when her hand was sought in marriage by Christian VII., the young monarch of Denmark. The proposal, it is said, was received by her in sadness, although there is no reason to think that she regarded the young king-then but seventeen-with anything like repugnance. He is described as rather under the middle height, yet finely proportioned, light, compact, and possessing a considerable degree of agility and strength. "His complexion remarkably which she had early acquired over the king, as well as with his leading counsellors. Her object now was to separate him from his wife, and afford herself the chances of making out causes for their domestic unhappiness. With this view she suggested his travelling for improvement and observation, and it was accordingly determined that he should visit, first London, and then the other great courts of Europe. Except one faithful statesman, Count Bernstorff, it was remarked that every nobleman in his train was well calculated to per fair; his features, if not handsome, were regular; vert his principles, and aid him in all that was his eyes blue, lively, and expressive; his hair wrong. On their reaching England, Horace Walvery light: he had a good forehead and aquiline pole, the great authority in little things, thus nose, a handsome mouth, and a fine set of teeth." describes the royal Dane : He was, it was added, elegant in his dress, courteous, and generous to profusion. The darkest share of their tragic fates is that which relates to him. He was left by his father, when very young, in the charge of an ambitious stepmother, who sought, even in his father's lifetime, to repress, rather than cultivate, his mental powers; disregarding, at the same time, both his principles and his health, in the hope that he might be early removed, and that her own son, who was but four years younger, should be made king in his stead. Thus much is necessary to make our reference to the narrative intelligible. The youthful pair were married at the Chapel Royal of St. James', on the 1st October, 1766and on the 18th, the bridal queen first landed in her new dominions. The bridge at Altona was covered with scarlet cloth, on one side whereof I came to town to see the Danish king. He is as diminutive as if he came out of a kernel in the fairy tales. He is not ill-made, or weakly made, though so small; and though his face is pale and delicate, it is not at all ugly. Still, he has more of royalty than folly in his air, and considering that he is not twenty, is as well as any one expects a king in a puppet-show to be. And again: Well, then, this great king is a very little one. He has the sublime strut of his grandfather (or a cock-sparrow) and the divine white eyes of all his family on the mother's side. His curiosity seems to have consisted in the original plan of travelling, for I cannot say he takes notice of anything in particular. The mob adore and huzza him, and so they did at the first instant. They now begin to know why, for he flings money to them out of the window, and by the end of the week I do not doubt |