1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10..

11.

12 (noon)

1.

2.

3..

4..

5..

6..

7..

8..

9.

10.

11..

12 (midnight)

Average

January
February

March

April

May

June

July

August..

September

October

November
December..

Total

Month

Hour.

January
February
March

April

May

June.

July

August

A. M.

P. M.

AVERAGE HOURLY WIND VELOCITY (MILES PER HOUR).

[Record began July 1, 1877, to December 31, 1900.]

Clear.

Month.

Jan.

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.7

Partly cloudy.

7.1

7.1

8.1

8.2

8.1

8.0

7.8

7.0

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.3

Feb. Mar.

7.0

7.0

6.9

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.6

6.6

6.7

7.1

Rainy days, 0.01

Cloudy.

or more.

7.7

8.2

8.8

9.0

9.0

9.0

8.6

7.7

7.0

6.7

6.8

6.9

7.8

Foggy days.

Total number

thunderstorms.

260 195 247 217 131

275 219 156

43

176 311 218 184 116 348 228 114 147 441 182 90

88

548 107 35

26

698 40

6

1

674

57

13

3

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.1

6.8

7.0

7.0

7.9

3

0

8.8

9.0

9.4

9.7

9.8

9.6

9.4

8.9

8.1

7.4

7.3

7.5

7.7

1

0

0

2

3

9

10

16

6

3

5

Apr. May. June. July. Aug.

7.3

7.0

6.8

6.7

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.3

6.4

7.2

8.1

8.5

9.1

9.6

9.7

9.7

9.7

9.6

9.2

8.7

6.8

7.9

7.6

9.2

0

8.0

7.4

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.3

7.1

6.8

7.0

7.7

8.3

NUMBER OF DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION, FROM JULY 1, 1877, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.

Less than 0.01 to 0.10 0.11 to 0.25 0.26 to 0.50
0.01 inch. inch.
inch.

inch.

a Two in November, 1882.

16

13

27

35

373

9.6

7.9

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.3

7.3

7.0

6.8

7.1

7.3

7.5

Month.

September..

0 October..

0

November

0 December

7.9

8.2

8.2

8.8

78

62

90

59

36

18

1

2

8.1

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.8

7.4

7.1

6.8

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.6

12

34

47

82

521

6.7

6.9

7.2

7.4

7.9

8.5

8.9

9.2

9.3

9.0

9.1

8.4
8.3

Sums

Annual average..

7.4

7.2

7.1

7.4

7.5

7.2

6.9

6.4

6.0

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.1

6.2

6.7

7.2

7.6

7.9

8.0

7.9

8.0

7.8
8.9

4

0

1

12

20

27

51

293

Sept. Oct. Nov.

6.8

6.3

6.4

6.6

6.5

6.3

6.0

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.5

5.8

6.2

6.6

6.8

6.9

7.0

7.1

7.1

6.9

6.7

6.7

7.0

7.2

7.5

NUMBER OF CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, CLOUDY, RAINY, AND FOGGY DAYS, AND TOTAL NUMBER OF THUNDERSTORMS AND AURORAS FROM JULY 1, 1877, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.

5.9

5.6

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.5

8

18

28

36

245

6.1

6.5

6.9

7.2

7.1

6.9

6.7

5.7

5.4

5.8

6.0

6.0

7.2

0.51 to 1
inch.

Partly cloudy.

Rainy days, 0.01 or more. Cloudy.

37

30

30

20

10

1

0

0

3

7

19

48

205

599

88 33 35

514 186

64

80

419 160 141 134

253 215 276 223 153

53

1

15

འ| ༄

53

5,340 1,895 1,359 1,246 414

229

80

56

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.3

Foggy days.

Total number thunderstorms.

5.8

6.3

6.6

6.8

6.9

6.6

6.0

5.0

4.9

5.1

5.2

5.5
6.6

18

i

?

Dec.

Over 1 inch.

6.2

6.3

1

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.4

6.7

7.1

7.2

7.8

7.9

7.8

7.5

7.0

6.2 6.1

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.8

74 (a)

3

0

0

0

0

Velocity.

June..
July
August

60

48

48

40

44

42

Month.

September..
October.

h. m.

14 20

208

8.00

2400

8.00

15 40

800

12 30

12.00

21 45

10 20

24.00

12.00

1825

16.00

32 00

7.40

9.00

16 30

11 45

8.00

8.00

12:00

11 30

200

800

800

16 00

Direc- Day and
tion.

year.

SE.

NW.

SE.

NW.

NW.
NW.

Duration. Inches.

1.63

1.54

1.29

2.66

1.77

2.58

1.40

1.86

1.52

2.25

1.26

2.66

1.44

1.84

1.85

3.46

1.20

1.83

2.16

1.42

1.00

2.14

2.21

1.70

1.99

4.15

2.20

6.35

HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY, DIRECTION, AND DATE FROM JULY 1, 1877, TO APRIL 30, 1901.

3, 1901 10, 1894 a 29, 1892 8,1900 9, 1895 12, 1886

25 to 30
miles.

10

6

3

8

Average inch per hour.

11

0.11

0.72

0.16

0.11

0.22

0.17

0.18

0.15

0.13

0.10

0.12

0.11

0.12

0.10

0.12

0.11

0.16

0.20

0.13

0.12

0.13

0.27
0.18

0.15

1.00

0.52

0.28
0.40

Velocity.

a Also on March 4, 1888, from the SE., and March 2, 1896, from the S.

b Also on August 20, 1899, from the SW.

Also on September 21, 1895, from the NW., and September 20, 1900, from the NW.

31 to 40 Over 40
miles. miles.

5

0

July
August
September
October..
November.
December

GREATEST PRECIPITATION IN THE SHORTEST PERIODS OF TIME FROM JULY, 1877, TO APRIL, 1901.

8

April 21, 1880..

April 24, 1896.

April 29, 1901.

May 5, 1889..

May 5, 1900..

October 3, 1882.

October 21, 1899.

1

0

0

0

1

Date.

November 17, 1885

November 16, 1888

November 30, 1892

November 21, 1900

Month.

December 2, 1880..

December 4, 1881..
December 23, 1884.

December 25, 1884.

December 21, 1885.

November.

December

December 24, 1885.

December 3, 1890..

Total

Duration. Inches.

2.58

1.16

1.31

1.87

2.81

1.40

1.85

2.00

8

11

7.24

1.60

1.45

1.14

1.32

1.10

1.82

1.48

2.08

1.67

1.35

1.27

4.29

1.65

1.95

2.26

1.60.

2.32

1.21!

94

4

5

27

Day and year.

1, 1892

b 5, 1896

e 23, 1889

20, 1894

21, 1900 9, 1894

Average inch per hour.

0.33

0.13

0.12

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.11

0.12

0.09

0.37

0.21

0.18

0.24

0.14

0.08

0.29

0.13

0.11

0.15

0.11

0.15

0.16

0.31

0.26

0.23

0.21

0.15

By Mr. J. P. BOLTON, Observer, Weather Bureau.

Fresno, Cal., in latitude 36° 43′ North, longitude 119° 49′ West, is situated in the fertile San Joaquin Valley, nearly midway between the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range mountains. Its climate in a general sense may be divided into two seasons, a wet season and a dry season.

During the period from October to May, comprising the wet season, Fresno County is favored with well-distributed rains at irregular intervals, aggregating for the season an average of about 10.12 inches. The greatest number of consecutive days with rain was eight, in January, 1895, the greatest amount recorded in any twenty-four consecutive hours being 2.10 inchesDecember 29 to 30, 1891.

The annual precipitation of the Sierra Nevada Mountains is much greater than that of the valley; precipitation in those high altitudes occurs mostly in the form of snow which is preserved by the cold of elevation in sufficient quantities to furnish abundance of water to our rivers, creeks, and canals during the dry season. The run-off, or amount of water which may be made available for the purposes of agriculture through this process of conservation, is estimated to be about 45 per cent of the total annual precipitation on the west side of the crest of the range.

1888. 1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1895.

1896.

1897

1898. 1899

1900.

A dry season prevails over this section during the period from May to September. The highest temperature ever recorded at Fresno was 114°, on July 1, 1891; the lowest was 20° above zero, on January 17, 1888.

Means

Month.

Year.

FRESNO.

MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual.

43.9 47.4

42.8

48.4

43.8

47.6

44.1 53.2 54.1 67.1 68.6 74.1 80.6 86.3 83.4 68.9 56.0 48.6
43.6 50.5 58.4 63.5 69.6 79.5 82.6 82.2 75.6 62.8 54.1 49.1
42.3 41.2 54.6 61.2 69.4 73.4 82.5 80.8 74.6 64.5 56.9 43.8
45.4 48.5 54.4 59.0 67.1 73.0 83.6 83.6 74.6 67.0 56.2
48.5
53.2 55.6 57.6 67.2 72.8 79.4
81.4 73.6 63.9 56.4
48.4 52.2 55.9 66.9 73.2 80.8 82.0 68.4 60.8 52.8
46.8 53.0 62.2 67.6 68.9 82.7 82.1 74.0 64.0 58.6
45 3 52.6 53.7 60.0 67.4 77.2 79.4 80.6 70.4 66.6 52.8
50.6 53.4 56.3 54.7 63.9 78.6 85.0 79.8 72.6 66.7 53.2
43.7 49.2 48.6 63.5 71.7 74.3 82.8 81.8
72.8 61.2 52.0
41.7 53.8 52.8
65.4 65.2
72.2
64.6
52.5
50.0 51.2 54.4 61.1 63.2 78.3
46.7 51.4 59.2 58.3 68.4 77.3
45.3 50.2 54.4 60.8 67.4 74.1

43.6
49.5

45.1

83.9

81.6

72.8

45.2

60.4

54.4

81.8 75.1 77.3
82.4 75.2 69.5 62.6 57.5
82.1 81.0 73.8 64.2 54.6

Month.

Highest Lowest monthly monthly

mean.

mean.

Absolute maximum.

Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
pera- Date. pera- Date. pera- Date.
ture.
ture.

ture.

43.8

45.2

47.0

65.4 64.3

62.6

63.0

63.1

61.0

62.6

62.5

63.7

62.3

63.1

62.6

62.6

63.0

Absolute minimum.

Tem

pera- Date. ture.

1888

1889

1890

1891

1892

1893

1894

1882.

1883.

1884.

1885.

1886.

1887.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894..

1895.

1896.

1897.

1898.

1899.

1900.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

Year.

1894.

1895.

1896.

1897.

1898.

1899...

Year.

Average

Greatest

Date.
Year.

Year.

Jan.

Last light Last kill- First light First kill-
frost.

ing frost.

frost.

ing frost.

Mar. 6
Feb. 20

Mar. 27

Mar. 1
Feb. 19
Apr. 14
Apr. 8 Mar. 29
Apr. 18 Mar. 28
Apr. 13
Mar. 13
Apr. 17 Mar. 4

Feb. Mar. Apr.

MONTHLY, ANNUAL AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).

[An accurate record of rainfall was kept by Louis Enstein from August, 1881, to August, 1887; measurements were made with a standard rain gauge. Weather Bureau records began in August, 1887.]

0.63 0.00

2.82

0.68

0.40 3.09

1.75 0.13

0.34 0.32
2.12. 0.80
0.88 2.24

0.48 1.00

1.04

2.21 2.02

2.27

4.14 1.70

2.89 0.06

1.93

2.65

1.21 1.64 1.15 0.71 1.92 0.02 2.90 1.52 0.08 0.88

0.42

DATES OF FROST.

I

Nov. 7
Nov. 6 Dec. 21
Nov. 9 Dec. 6
Oct. 2 Dee. 3
Nov. 15 Nov. 25
Nov. 16 Nov. 18
Dec. 14 Dec. 2

Jan.

1895
1896
1897
1898
1899

1900

Year.

May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct.

Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

Last light Last kill- First light First kill-
frost.
ing frost.

frost.

ing frost.

i

GREATEST PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS.

Mar. 21

Apr. 5
Mar. 1

Apr. 15

Mar. 23

Mar. 30
Mar. 22

Mar. 27
Apr. 29 Feb. 7
Apr. 9 Feb. 8 Oct. 30 Dec. 28

Dec. 10

Nov. Dec.

a Also September 25-26, 1898.

Nov. 22
Nov. 26

Nov. 16

Nov. 7

0.54 1.44 1.80 1.36
0.54 0.27 3.28 1.01
2.54 4.35 3.77

7.89 1881-82 6.91 8.69 1882-83 9.33 21.23 1883-84 18.90 14.44 1884-85 7.20

3.42

1.43

0.76

1.32

0.02

1.34

2.87

0.03

0.00

0.17

2.93

0.03

0.04

1.95

0.22

0.56

0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 1.07 1.00 0.42
1.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 1.17
0.17 0.56
1.25
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.08 3.93
Ꭲ . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 9.54 2.06
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.57 0.80 0.44 9.55 1885-86 19.45
0.00 0.00 0.49 0.15 0.32 1.16 8.78 1886-87 8.47
T.
T.
0.06 0.00 2.38 1.71 8.76 1887-88 6.73
0.00 T. 0.00 3.17 1.39 3.87 12.27 1888-89 7.99
0.00
T. 1.26 0.00 0.22 2.30 8.36 1889-90 13.01
0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.21 3.99 8.94 1890-91 8.25
0.00 0.00
T.
0.34
0.39 2.56 8.75 1891-92 9.93
T. 0.00 0.01 0.02
9.40 1892-93 11.10
T. 0.75

T.

2.07

0.54

0.57

0.00

1.04

0.17

0.45

0.00

0.81

1.69

0.49
0.79
4.22 0.34
0.29 0.10
1.84

0.03 0.02
1.44. 0.06
Ꭲ .
0.00
1.16

0.16

1.40

1.16

T.

0.37

0.27

0.99

0.07

0.16

0.19

0.52
0.00
2.82
0.02 0.00
0.30 0.00
T.
0.00 0.79 0.00
0.36 0.06 0.66
1.21 1.97
T.
1.54 1.27 1.70 1.12 0.58 0.17

4.09 12.48 1893-94 8.59
T.
T.
0.78 10.39 1894-95 14.67
0.07 0.15
0.06
1.28 1.46 1.00 11.02 1895-96 8.42
0.00
T.
T. 1.19 0.22 0.48 8.41 1896-97 10.32
0.00 0.00 1.12 0.03 0.34 0.43 4.99 1897-98 4.94
0.00 0.00 0.00
2.01 1.52 1.09 10.54 1898-99 7.98
Ꭲ. 0.00 0.16 0.33 4.61 0.33 11.09 1899-00 10.28
1.33 1.72

T. 0.01 0.26 0.65

10.31

10.13

Annual.

June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

Nov. 23

Nov. 29

Nov. 26
Nov. 21

Seasonal.

Dec.

T.

0.39

1.28

0.95 0.13 1.05 0.20 0.31
T.
T.
T. 0.06 0.00 1.33 0.71
0.29 0.53 0.55 0.32 0.33 0.00 0.00
T. 0.00 1.73 0.48 0.75
0.74 0.30 0.33
0.15
0.43 0.00 0.00
T. 1.12 0.00 0.22
1.21
0.54 0.50 0.26 0.29 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.21 2.10
0.24 0.38 0.53 0.43 0.82 0.06 0.00 0.00
0.32 0.22
0.66
1.48 1.22 0.32
T.
0.00
T. 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.55
0.62 0.20 0.07 0.94 0.74
T.
T. 0.75 0.28 0.27 1.12
1.46 0.95 0.52 0.84 0.52 0.00
T.
T. 0.06 0.13 0.12 0.40
0.06 0.50 1.68
0.02 0.00 0.06 0.15 0.06 1.28 1.01 0.56
0.73 1.16 0.50 0.30
0.00
0.00
T.
T. 0.48 0.13 0.25
0.17 0.49 0.30 0.00 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.12 0.03 0.34
0.84
0.02 0.99 0.31
0.06 0.60 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.85
0.72
1.46 1.48 1.22 1.68 0.94 0.74 0.06 0.15 1.12
1.73 1.33
8-9
20
24-25 14-15
5
25
30
29 22-23
16
1896 1894 1894 1896 1896 a 1890 1889 1888

1.05

T.

0.32

0.36

4-5

1895

1893

1893

2.10

29-30
1891

Greatest annual.

1.33 1.73 1.21 2.10

0.82

1.48

1.28 1.46

1.68

1.16

1.12

0.99

2.10

Dec.

1891

Month.

Month.

Month.

1898

1894

1896

1894

1894

1891

Foggy days.

Cloudy Rainy

days. days.

Number. Average.

12

4

Miles.

14

6

8

3

3

1

0

20

0

0

FOGGY DAYS AND DAYS WITH THUNDERSTORMS IN TWELVE YEARS.

32

WEATHER.

NW.

30 NW.

SE.
NW.
NW.

30 NW.

38

July

7 6

August

7

September.
October...

1

7

November

2 December

30

Year. Velocity. Direction.

30

8

6

8

3

3

1

Total thunderstorms.

Month.

August
September.
October.
November.
December

Annual.

Month.

July
August
September...
October..
November
December

Month.

Greatest monthly Least monthly precipitation. precipitation. Times exceeding normal.

HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY (MILES PER HOUR) AND DIRECTION FOR TWELVE YEARS.

Amount. Date. Amount. Date.

Month.