He shall from time to time give information to the legislature, of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration the measures he may think necessary. He shall take care that the laws of the United States be duly executed. He shall commission all the officers of the United States; and except as to ambassadors, other ministers, and judges of the Supreme Court, he shall nominate, and with the consent of the Senate, appoint all other officers of the United States. He shall receive public ministers from foreign nations; and may correspond with the executives of the different States. He shall have power to grant pardons an reprieves, except in impeachments. He shall be Commander-inChief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States; and shall receive a compensation which shall not be increased or diminished during his continuance in office. At entering on the duties of his office, he shall take an Dath faithfully to execute the duties of a President of the United States. He shall be removed from his office on impeachment by the House of Delegates, and conviction in the Supreme Court of treason, bribery, or corruption. In the case of his removal, death, resignation, or disability, the president of the Senate shall exercise the duties of his office until another President be chosen. And in case of the president of the Senate, the speaker of the House of Delegates shall do so.

ART. IX. The legislature of the United States shall have the power, and it shall be their duty, to establish courts of law, equity, and admiralty, as shall be necessary.

The judges of the courts shall hold their offices during good behavior; and receive compensation, which shall not be increased or diminished during their continuance in office. One of these courts shall be termed the Supreme Court; whose jurisdiction shall extend to all cases arising under the laws of the United States, or affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to the trial of impeachment of officers of the United States; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. In cases of impeachment affecting ambassadors, and other public ministers, this jurisdiction shall be original; in all other cases appellate.

All criminal offences, except in cases of impeachment, shall be tried in the State where they shall be committed. The trials shall be open and public, and shall be by jury.

ART. X. Immediately after the first census of the people of the United States, the House of Delegates shall apportion the Senate by electing for each State, out of the citizens resident therein, one Senator for every members each State shall have in the House of Delegates. Each State shall be entitled to at least one member of the Senate.

ART. XI. No State shall grant letters of marque and reprisal, or enter into treaty or alliance, or confederation; nor grant any title of nobility; nor without the consent of the legislature of the United States, lay any imposts on imports; nor keep troops or ships of war in time of peace; nor enter into compacts with other States or foreign powers; nor emit bills of credit; nor make any thing but gold and silver or copper a tender in payment of debts; nor engage in war, except for self-defence when actually invaded, or the danger of invasion be so great as not to admit of a delay until the government of the United States can be informed thereof. And to render these prohibitions effectual, the legislature of the United States shall have the power to revise the laws of the several States, that may be supposed to infringe the powers exclusively delegated by this Constitution to Congress, and to negative and annul such as do.

ART. XII. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. Every person charged with crimes in any State, fleeing from justice to another, shall, on demand of the executive of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction of the offence.

ART. XIII. Full faith shall be given, in each State, to the acts of the legislature, and to the records and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every State.

ART. XIV. The legislature shall have power to admit new States into the Union, on the same terms with the original States provided two thirds of the members present in both Houses agree.

ART. XV. On the application of the legislature of a State, the United States shall protect it against domestic insurrection.

ART. XVI. If two thirds of the legislatures of the States apply for the same, the legislature of the United States shall call a convention for the purpose of amending the Constitution; or should Congress, with the consent of two thirds of each House, propose to the States amendments to the same, the agreement of two thirds of the legislatures of the States shall be sufficient to make the said amendments parts of the Constitution.

The ratification of the

conventions of

sufficient for organizing this Constitution.

States shall be

GENERAL HAMILTON'S PLAN.

ART. I. The supreme legislative power of the United States of America to be vested in two different bodies of men; the one to be called the Assembly, the other the Senate; who together shall form the legislature of the United States, with power to pass all laws whatsoever, subject to the negative hereafter mentioned.

ART. II. The Assembly to consist of persons elected by the people to serve for three years.

ART. III. The Senate to consist of persons elected to serve during good behavior; their election to be made by electors chosen for that purpose by the people. In order to this, the States to be divided into election districts. On the death, removal, or resignation of any Senator, his place to be filled out of the district from which he came.

ART. IV. The supreme executive authority of the United States to be vested in a governor, to be elected to serve during good behavior; the election to be made by electors chosen by the people, in the election districts aforesaid. The authorities and functions of the executive to be as follows: To have a negative on all laws about to be passed, and the execution of all laws passed; to have the direction of war, when authorized or begun; to have, with the advice and approbation of the Senate, the power of making all treaties; to have the sole appointment of the heads or chief officers of the departments, of finance, war, and foreign affairs; to have the nomination of all other officers (ambassadors to foreign nations included), subject to the approbation or rejection of the Senate; to have the power of pardoning all offences, except treason, which he shall not pardon, without the approbation of the Senate.

ART. V. On the death, resignation, or removal of the governor,

his authorities to be exercised by the president of the Senate, till a successor be appointed.

ART. VI. The Senate to have the sole power of declaring war; the power of advising and approving all treaties; the power of approving or rejecting all appointments of officers, except the heads or chiefs of the departments of finance, war, and foreign affairs.

ART. VII. The supreme judicial authority to be vested in judges, to hold their offices during good behavior, with adequate and permanent salaries. This court to have original jurisdiction in all causes of capture, and an appellate jurisdiction in all causes in which the revenues of the general government or the citizens of foreign nations, are concerned.

ART. VIII. The legislature of the United States to have power to institute courts in each State for the determination of all matters of general concern.

ART. IX. The governor, senators, and all officers of the United States, to be liable to impeachment for mal-, and corrupt conduct; and upon conviction, to be removed from office, and disqualified for holding any place of trust or profit; all impeachments to be tried by a court to consist of the chief or judge of the superior court of law, of each State, provided such judge shall hold his place during good behavior and have a permanent salary.

ART. X. All laws of the particular States contrary to the Constitution or laws of the United States to be utterly void; and the better to prevent such laws being passed, the governor or president of each State shall be appointed by the general government, and shall have a negative upon the laws about to be passed in the State of which he is the governor or president.

ART. XI. No State to have any forces, land or naval, and the militia of all the States to be under the sole or exclusive direction of the United States, the officers of which to be appointed or commissioned by them.