sively of and Nort the 20 a the Dela Alleghan han, a I may by Penn war, als In 10 17 1. In ac quota 1813 The 300,00 ‚ militi · The at the dolla have ject road T and Pe an the slated than ever. " ORT AVSER 28, 1815. they obstinatley persevere duct, we suppose that they Madly wish to be forgiven; a preponwill be sent against them. Indeed, ygot together by treason, led by the self into the field, and there defeated, ink it possible that it can co-exist with gular and legal government, is incredible. at doubt as to the effectual execution of this xie, results from the character and habits of the en; they are chiefly without homes, inured only to camps, garrisons, battles, and familiar with no other hopes than such as are inoident to those courses of Ate a life, plunder, advancement, or what they term glory; have so that it is next to impossible that such men should sts him-ever learn to limit themselves to the sober expectations as Daniel of TRANQUIL LIFE." ree brethren So that, if these men now attempt to prevent the aid our folly, absolute and entire conquets of their country they of his safety!As are not to expect to avoid being hanged; and, if they son and rebellion lay down their arms and are willing to disperse, they His escape, his" have no homes," and it is impossible, or next to A must be constantly ex- impossible, that they should ever return to tranquil famous criminal, he will fe. At once rufian and hypocrite! He knows well jured prince unjustly kept that, if that army could be completely annihilated, s and salutations of a longing France would have no chance of salvation. But let * at last he breaks prison (which me beseech you to recollect what these men fortundoubtedly will do) his return merly said about the persons composing this same de triumphant, and his power more firmly army. While Napoleon was leading this army ta He is to be guarded by an victory; while this army was following him over regiment. But the whole regiment is not Europe, these writers bewailed their fate. They sentinel alone can neither be bribed nor eluded? fire-sides of their fond and respectable parents, tied In the English army, too, it may be asked whether hand and foot, and thus carried to the army and there are none of those weak and unreflecting men, compelled to fight. Oh! how these writers "pitied" the admire during successful crime ? To speak plainly them and their parents! Aye, that they did, from is it not a known fact, that many even of the English the bottom of their souls! Vile hypocrites, and they ficers are personal admirers of Napoleon Bonaparte 2 now call these same persons rubbers. They say Most of these young gentlemen (for it is of the that they are " without homes," and recommend the younger sort that I speak) have no better reading massacre of them, it being next to impossible, that than the Morning Chronicle or the Edinburg Review, they should return to tranquil life. or some other worthless production, in which this And, do your federalists imagine, that they would monster is usually described as the first of Heroes, be put in possession of power, if these men could the great captain of the age, &c.-It is no wonder stir up a conquering enemy against you upon their that such studies should dazzle their imagination, principles? If once they saw your country overrun, and confound their moral sense: and we may be your government put to the route, they would that assured that as long as Napoleon Bonaparte lives, this very serious evil will go on increasing." very moment talk of the whole of you in a lump. They would call every thing folly, "criminal weakNow, can you suppose, that a monster, like this mess," short of the utter ruin of your country. Nay, writer, who would commit a deliberate murder in have you not already had a specimen of their moderevenge on a man for being an object of admiration, ration? Before the victories over Napoleon last year, would not, if he could, gladly cut all your throats, they always talked of "the sound part" of you. They men, women, and children? The fears that the only wished to defend our rights, and to live upon wretch feels and describes are a proof of the false- good terms with you. They said that the "sound hoods of his accusation; for, if Napoleon's deeds part of the people" were with them; and that the were such as he asserts them to have been, what war party were a French faction, who hated Eng. reason can there be to take away his life lest so land because she was the great "bulwark of religi large a part of mankind should still feel an interest on." Do you remember how they changed their in his fate? He would have Napoleon murdered, tone, all in a moment, when they heard of the fall not becaue he has done that which has made him an of Napoleon? Do you remember that they then said object of hatred and contempt; but because he has that no peace could be made with JAMES MADISONdone that, which has made him an object of love and that no treaty ought to be signed, except at the headadmiration. Having thus disposed of Napoleon, he quarters of the English army in the heart of the United comes to the French army, the whole of whom also, States? Do you remember how soon they dropped he seems to wish to see disposed of in the same all distinctions in their invectives, and called for the bloody way. flogging of "the Americans ?" Do you remember that "The first point," says he, "and without which they insisted, that no peace should be made with all others would be nugatory, is that the army of you, unti! your political institutions had been subthe Loire, whatever may be the terms on which the verted, until your civil and political state had been king might be disposed to accept of its submission, destroyed; until that "mischievous example of suc shall be disbanded; an intimation to that effect will, cessful DEMOCRATICAL REBELLION" had been we have some reason to suppose, be published in adone away? Until this was effected, they said that day or two. If the troops give up their arms, dis- there could be no safety for the regular governments perse and retire, as they will be required to do, their of the civilized world. Not a word did they then past rebellion, atrocious as it has been, will be say about the sound part of the community; not a word about the federalists; not a word about "the war after the peace of Paris; and, indeed, it was Two months have not passed over our heads since if the world be left quiet for years, produce a great these writers were applauding the sending of arms degree of decline in this country. These men have, and ammunition to the royalists of La Vendee, whom for many years, been bawlers for war. They now they called brave, faithful, religious, and whom they tell us, that the war has been crowned with glorious urged on to exterminate the jacobins, as they called success; but they foresee that peace to us will be them, who were opposed to the Bourbons. Now, not what peace usually has been. They saw that because the Vendeans do not seem to relish the to- the peace of Paris instead of crowding our ports tal conquest, the dismemberment, and utter ruin of with ships and goods, and filling our streets with the their country by foreign armies, they confound them bustle of trade, produced a calm, a stillness, as to with the army of marshal Davoust; they lump them trade, truly gloomy. They saw that our own people along with the other parties; and, even accuse them flocked to France for comfortable living. They saw of ingratitude! They are called ungrateful to England, enterprising tradesmen and manufacturers flocking bec se they do not appear inclined to aid in the to America. They saw the houses in and near Londespoiling even the king of his territories; even don untenanted. They every where heard of the that king, to fight for whom they received their decay of trade and ruined farmers. They saw that arms and ammunition! But, what is this more than without a law to raise the price of corn, the taxes they had before done with regard to your federalists? could not be paid by either landlord or tenantWhen they saw notices of the meeting of the Con- They saw, in short, that the war had created the vention at Hartford, they chuckled with delight.cause of impossibility to live in peace; while France They cheered them on. They applauded the con- on one side, and America on the other, held forth duct of the promoters. But, when the convention the temptations of liberty and abundance. And they broke up, with merely agreeing to an application to saw, which, observe, was not the smallest object of be made to the several states to join them in de- their terror, that the landlords and tenants, in al- ́ manding a reform of the federal constitution, our most every part of the country, complained of the writers turned round upon them with reproaches of hardship of tythes, and pointed out the example of all sorts:-"What!" said the Times newspaper, "is France, where tythes had been abolished. They know THAT ALL! We expected a division of the union that we have about forty-five millions of pounds, or to be declared at once; or, at least, the impeachment 180 million of dollars, a YEAR, to pay in taxes for of Madison and his associates. These convention-ever, being the interest of the debt, instead of the alists are men of no vigor. Why do they not, like nine millions of pounds, or thirty-six millions of dolthe brave Vendeans, take up arm and co-operate lars, which we had to pay on this account before with our naval and military commanders? This was the war. They see, that in consequence of the inwhat we expected. Or, at the very least, we expect-crease of industry produced in France by the revoed he neutrality of the New-England states to belation, and of our burdens produced by the war, declared, As things now stand, these states ought the French are able to sell in our markets at much no longer to experience our forbearance, seeing the less than half the price that we must sell at, or mustingratitude with which our past forbearance has been leave the taxes unpaid. They see all those things. They are seized with a panic, that the "tight little isl paid." as there ever impudence like this heard of be- and" will become as deşert as that on which Captain fore not this insulting the feelings of mankind? LAKE put the poor fellow Jeffries, who was saved by And, what humiliation must it have been to Mr. the kindness of one of your countrymen; and, in Otis and others, to have been the objects of such the rage, inspired by their forebodings, they would, men's praise! I do not impute to the Hartford con- if they could, render every other country too miservention the base design of aiding in the subjugation able for man to live in. They do not recommend of the country, and in the destruction of freedom the reducing of the army to what it was before the amongst men; but if we take the then circumstan- war. They know that this would not answer their ces of America into view, it is impossible to deny purpose. They might recommend the reduction of that they intended so to embarrass the general go- the navy; but, then, you stare them in the face. vernment as to compel it to do what would have been The civil list is indispensable. They would recomTheir last resource is, disgraceful, at least to their country, in order to sink mend to wipe of the debt; but, then, the whole the rivals and raise themselves upon their ruins:- system crumbles to atoms. and this was, to say the least of it, carry ing party the hope, by their writings, to stir up the means of The state of this country, as regard the means of spirit to an unwarrantable length. There is no doubt making other nations still more wretched. in my mind, nor in that of any man of information that I have ever conversed with on the subject, that enjoying happiness, may be pretty correctly estimas it was the encouragement held out by the conduct ted by this one fact: namely, that a notice has been of men in the eastern states, which prolonged the giver, in the house of commons, that a measure will be produced early next session, to lay a tax up- of the writers, of whom I have so often spoken, and en the property of all persons, who shall go to reside out to draw your attention to whose efforts is the prin of the king's dominions, from which tax those resid- cipal object of this address. This cause appears to ing in them shall be exempt. I do not believe it me to be the apprehensions which the present state likely for such a law to pass; but, after what we of England excites, joined to a hatred of the very have seen, I do not pronounce it to be impossible. name of liberty and revolution, contracted by these At any rate, the idea has been seriously enough en- illiberal men ever since they heard them associated tertained to produce its mention in parliament. Re- with the name of Frenchman. This, I am well conflect, then, for a moment, on the means which must vinced, is the real cause of their rancor against be used in order to assess such a tax: reflect on the France and America, both of which, as they conimmediate superintendance which it would give the stantly show, they would gladly see utterly annihilagovernment over the person of every man of proper- ted. Whether there be OTHER PERSONS, who ty: reflect on the vassal-like degradation to which entertain the same apprehensions and wishes, I must it would reduce us: reflect on the passions, which leave you to conjecture. But, I know that they do, such a state of restraint would engender; and, then, because they discover the fact by their words. They form to yourselves an idea of the desperation, which, have said, that America must be put back for a tenmust have been the parent of such a proposition.- tury. They have called the attention of the governThe truth is, that the amount of the taxes is now so ment to the growth of your navy. They have said, great, that all but the immense fortunes are sinking that, if it be not strangled in its birth, it will be danunder the weight; and that, too, with a rapidity gerous. They actually proposed to make you give that is quite astonishing. The necessities of the up all your ships of war, to stipulate never to build government require so large a part of every man's another, and never more to cast a cannon or a ball. income and earnings, that numbers are seeking the You will laugh at this; but I beg you not to laugh means of escaping from the demand. Taxes, when at it; or, at least, to do something else besides laugh. excessive, must create paupers; because they go In the whole extent of the world, it may happen, on pressing the whole of the people downwards: that their principles may find the means to work up and, of course, those who are but just above the some power to assail you. Therefore, I say, be on poor list, are forced into it. It has lately been stated your guard. Peace is what you ought to desire; in parliament, and that, too, by GEORGE ROSE, that but, it is peace accompanied with safety. To prethe beggars, the common beggars, in the metropolis serve peace you must always be well prepared for alone, have increased to thirty thousand! Equal to your defence, at least. The navy you will not nenearly half the whole population of Philadelphia, glect. Its increase is not dangerous to your freedom; when I lived in it. This fact appears to have been or, not in the way or degree that a larger standing stated by George Rose as introductory to a measure army would be considered to be dangerous. It is for putting a stop to the evil But how? Would he the necessity of adopting, now in the hour of peace, send the beggars to the country? We are over- an efficient system of internal defence-defence of stocked already. Observe, trifling as is this village, your territory and homes, that I am anxious to imscarcely a day passes without bringing one, and gene-press upon your minds. A large body of soldiers, rally more, beggars to my door. The vagrant act by profession, you cannot have without destroying warrants us in taking them before a justice and hav-vour liberties. You must all be prepared to march ing them punished. But, who will take the trouble, from your immediate homes; and all be able to make even if he wishes to do it? Thus they are left to skilful use of your arms. wander about. They swarm over the country like the vermin upon their own bodies; and are producMR. JOHN CARTWRIGHT, who is generally called ed by causes nearly similar. I have here stated two major Cartwright, from his having been a major in striking facts; my authority is the parliament itself. the Northamptonshire militia, who quitted the serI state them here, in the face of the country, and Ivice, as a lieutenant of the navy, in the year 1775 or thus invite contradiction, if that be possible. Let 1776, because he would not fight against the cause me, in this place, observe, however, that I do not of freedom; who, to the age of 75, has persevered look upon myself as bound to refrain from making use for 40 years, and still perseveres, in unremitted enof the press of America, when I shall think, that I deavors to obtain a reform in parliament; this venought to state truths, which I dure not state here :erable patriot, beloved by all who know him for his but, I never will send to that press any thing, which gentle and amiable manners, and honored for his even a federalist will not say, that I ought to be talents and integrity even by those who are the permitted to publish in any part of the world. I enemies of his political principles, seeing the danwrite with the strong desire of being read. I seeger of invasion on the part of France, in the year several millions of readers on the other side of the 1803, and seeing the government in great consterAtlantic. I know many facts, many arguments oc-nation as to securing the means of defence, repubcur to me, which I am anxious to convey to the lished a work which he had published some time bewhole world if possible; and, if I am forbidden, fore, entitled ENGLAND'S EGIS, a copy of which hẹ under enormous pains and penalties, to convey them sent to all the members of the royal family, to all through the press of this country, is there any rea-the ministers, and many other men of weight in the son why I should not convey them through the press country. To this work, a copy of which is sent to Mr. of a country where the prohibition does not exist, Mathew Carey, of Philadelphia, I beg leave to call and where any one is at liberty to contradict, or to your attention. In some of its details it cannot be canvass, all I may say? The French and English adopted by you, on account of the difference in the writers, who used to have their works published at the Hague, at Amsterdam, at Geneva, or elsewhere abroad, were never regarded as guilty of foul play; but, on the contrary, were, by every lover of truth, applauded for the zeal which urged them to resort to their method of overcoming the obstacles to its promulgation. To return now to the cause of the malicious efforts a division in the territory and of the civil authorities of the two countries. But, its object being to put the country in a situation to be able, at all times, to defend itself against any enemy, however numerous and valiant, without a standing army, and without regular soldiers; its basis being the duty of armsbearing inseparably from the right of representation in the legislature, it appears to me, that all its suasion of the duke d'Angouleme, they retired to principles and all its out-lines are exactly suited to told they should enter only by force. At the per your case. In the hope that what I have said may awaken wait the orders of fool Ferdinand. Louis, it appears, amongst you some portion of that serious reflection had given orders to keep them out of his "good city" which the subject demands, and in the stronger of Bayonne. But the kings of the king at Paris remain A Paris paper of September 1, gives us reason to hope, that you will derive great and useful infor-will settle the matter. believe that a treaty has been ratified by the allies mation from the work of Mr. Cartwright, WM. COBBETT. your friend, P. S.-Since writing the above, the peace between respecting France. It is again said that the soveAmerica and the Algerine dey has been announced reigns were about to leave France. Huninguen has The British military peace establishment is to be as a report. Perhaps your commodore had authority surrendered. to make peace. Certainly, with such a power, cannon balls are the best negociators. Whether the kept up at 205,000 men-"to preserve the balance pirates will abide by the treaty or not, if it has been of power in Europe!" made, your government has done itself great honor in the affair. This event will not, however, give Guadaloupe, have absolutely refused the export of The customary bulletin reports Old George as satisfaction all over the world. Algiers was a sort of colonial produce from thence to neutral vessels. cur to be set on as occasion may require. However, A letter from Paris, dated Sept. 2, says—“Horriyou have broken his jaws, and made him retire to usual-"without any abatement of his disorder." his den for the present. This is truly a noble use to make of naval power! It cannot fail to enhance your ble atrocities continue to be committed in the south. fame, to give pleasure to your friends, and to add On the 25th ult. there was an action between the to the mortification and vindictiveness of your ene- rebels and an Austrian regiment. The latter had mies. I do not believe the news. But, if true, here 13 killed and wounded. The former had 60 killed dered to be shot." is another thing which Mr. Madison has accom- and 3 made prisoners, who were immediately or plished previous to his being "deposed,” Foreign Articles. The British authorities in the French island of American lakes.-London, August 27-Sir R. Hall We have several late arrivals from Europe. The LATEST NEWS. London papers of the 6th September. From a review of these, it appears to be settled in Europe that a foreign army of 150,000 men is to remain in France, and occupy the principal fortresses. This is said to be one of the conditions of the treaty of peace with England, of which lord Stewart was the bearer to the court of France, where he had arrived. Contributions to the amount of six hundred millions francs have been levied on the French people for the support of the foreign troops. The demand for British manufactured goods in all manufacturing Yorkshire, Manchester, and towns, was great beyond example, and at enhanced prices. French funds-5 per cent. consols. 62f. 60c. bank actions 1023f. 75c. English funds-3 per cent. consols 62-omnium 5,00 prem. mission. Marshal Ney was to be tried by a court martial, of which marshal Mauncey was appointed president. He declined to serve, and therefore was cashiered and imprisoned. Jourdan was then called upon to preside Ney has probably been shot. Louis has issued a proclamation respecting the great excesses in the South, and calling upon the people to be quiet, &c. France scems entirely unthering itself for a struggle more bloody than any spoken of settled-the courage of desperation we think is gathat has yet happened. A conspiracy that had for its object the capture, by the French people, of the allied sovereigns and something like the seizure of their arms by the foreigners. May it may happen. In several parts they have resisted gain liberty to Europe! Whatever were the objects they keep them to punish their oppressors and reof the allied powers at the beginning of their association, each one of them has now all the hidcousness that attached itself to the ambition and profligacy of Bonaparte, without any of those great traits of magnanimity that marked his progress. Will they remember that he was at many capital cities; at Vien Two reports on the interior state of France, connected with the condnct of the allies, have lately appeared in the French papers, and have excitedna, Berlin, &c. &c. &c.? Yes-they will remember unusual interest. An unsuccessful attempt has been made to assassinate the duke and duchess of Angouleme. to revenge his misdeeds, but not to imitate his moderation and forbearance. Many times had he his foot upon the very neck of Austria and Prussia, and could have crushed off the head-but he did not. The hon. Mr. Bagot (son to lord Bagot) appoin-Let the devil have his due." When we look at ted minister plenipotentiary to the United States of America, is detained at present from embarking. things fairly we must say, that Napoleon, with all his Several of the French Bonapartean generals were crimes, had not an equal in true greatness among under trial-Some had beca ordered into exile; and all the kings of Europe. Savary and L'Allemand had been ordered to Malta. General Turreau had surrendered himself to the French government. Important British orders in council, dated August 17th, relating to trade with the United States. "From and after he date of this order, until six The Spanish army demanded posses sion of the weeks after the commencement of the next session town and fortress of Bayonne in the name of Louis, of parliament, there shall be paid on the importathough the white flag had been flying there a con- tion into this kingdom, from the territories of the But they were United States of America, in vessels of the said siderable time! What deliverers! states, of any goods, wares or merchandize, being would be to constitute himself a prisoner in the of the growth, manufacture or production of the hands of the allied powers." To this the king of said territories, the same duties of customs that are Prussia is stated to have replied, that "it might payable on such goods, &c. when imported from the perhaps become necessary to take such a step." On said United States in British, and no other or higher which the two monarchs rose, and broke up the induties of customs; and it is hereby further order-terview. ed, that, on the exportation of any goods, &c. the [Every thing shews that Louis is as much a growth of his majesty's territories in Europe, from prisoner of the allies as Bonaparte. They regulate this kingdom to the United States, in vessels of the every thing-they do every thing-and treat the said states, there shall be paid the same duties as French in every respect as a conquered people. If a are by law payable on such goods, &c. when ex-town refuses to admit the troops of the allies, but ported to the said states in British vessels, and offers to surrender to the king of France, it is imnone other or higher duties; and it is hereby fur-mediately besieged! and so they go on. We look ther ordered, that on the exportation from this for a dreadful end of these things, "The allies, conkingdom to the United States of any goods, &c. of scious of their unholy designs, appear to expect a his majesty's territories in Europe, in vessels of rising of the people-fresh troops are still pouring the said states, there shall be paid and allowed the in. "PERISH THE INVADERS"] same bounties as are paid and allowed on such August 27. In the south of France a most horrid goods, &c. when exported to the said states in Bri- persecution has been raised against the Protestants. tish vessels." Thousands have been slaughtered by the Catholics, who cloak themselves under the authority of the duke d'Angouleme, who is well known to be one of the greatest bigots of the age. LONDON, Aug. 17.-The number of American mercantile agents lately arrived at Liverpool from the United States, exceeds all precedent. Fifteen stage coaches now run daily from that port to Manchester, and in general return heavily laden with cotton goods of every description. London, Aug. 29. Upland cotton, 1s &d to 1s 10d -New Orleans do. 2s to 2s 2d. Carolina rice 53 to 54s. Good Maryland tobacco 11 to 14d. Virginia do. 16 to 20d. New dollars, 5s 6d. Portugal gold in coin, 41. 10s. per oz. London, September 2.-An article in the Gazette of Dusseldorf, dated the 27th ult. has these words: "Prussia has openly declared itself on the necessity of separating Alsace and Lorraine from France." Sept. 2-American Stocks-3 per cent. 59; 6 per cent. deferred, 95; Louisiana 6 per cent. par, with dividend from February, 1815. Sept. 5. It is reported that some of our cruizers August 25. As a proof of prince Talleyrand's opi- on the coast of Italy have seized on the treasure of nion respecting the future repose of France, we may Murat, to the amonnt of three millions and a half of notice that his lady still remains in this country.ducats; and which the court of Vienna has claimed ; This looks as if some further convulsions were ap-but which the captors refuse to give up. prehended by the person of all others, perhaps, the The 96th regiment now at Guernsey is about to best acquainted with what was likely to happen. embark for the West Indies. August 29 More Prussian troops are entering Another detachment of the royal waggon train, France to lay siege to the places that still hold out. is on its route to embark to join the armies in France: The German papers, alluding to a conspiracy dis- A total change in the French ministry is still talkcovered at Paris, add, that it was to have broken ed of. The duc de Richelieu is mentioned as premier, out on the 6th of this month, and that one of its ob- Pozzo de Borgo, minister of police; and M. Chabrol, jects was to seize the persons of the allied sove-the prefect of Lyons, as minister of finance. reigns and their most distinguished generals. Fouche has, it is said, made another report to the Ten sea unicorns were lately killed on the coast king, on the state of France, still stronger than the of Spitzbergen, by the crew of the Lively, of Ber-one which has appeared in the London papers. It wick, eight of which had horns, three of them fe- contains most curious and interesting details, and males. Captain Kingston conceives that these ani- is drawn out to the length of 30 pages, being evimals cast their horns like deer, as he saw many of dently meant for publication. We are promised a them without any. copy af it, says the English Moniteur. It now, like the first, is circulating in manuscript. In the eastern departments of France several Austrian soldiers having been assassinated, and the or- Last night we received Hamburg papers to the der for disarming the inhabitants not having been 20th uit. and Berlin to the 25th. Our readers will effectually executed, the archduke Ferdinand, of participate in our feelings on reading the accounts Austria, had issued a proclamation from his head-respecting the piracies of the Algerines, still diquarters at Dijon, directing that every commune rected against the commerce of the European nain which any soldier shall be assassinated shall be tions It is impossible that this can be endured fined in 10,000 francs, besides the punishment of much longer. All the powers of Europe have a dithe assassin. All arms are ordered to be given up rect interest in extirpating these hordes, and they forthwith under severe penalties. are now too enlightened to suffer them to continue. The elements of political couvulsions seem still smouldering in great quantities in France, and threatening the world with a shower of the embers, London, September 2. LOUIS XVIII. AND THE KING or if not with a torrent of the lava. Let us hope, how. PRUSSIA. The kings of Prussia and France are said ever, that the prudence, union, and vigor of the alto have lately had an interview, during which Louis lies, who have at length succeeded in driving XVIII. severely complained of the conduct of the back and circumscribing the limits of the torrent, Prussians towards his subjects. The Prussian mon-may be so successfully continued as to prevent it arch reminded his royal opponent of the oppressions bursting forth afresh. The "assassinations," as they are legitimately called, probably mean the just deaths of "BOOTY AND BEAUTY"-men. of the French in Berlin, and other parts of the do-Answer of the French ministers to the official note of minions, during the long period of their success.-the allied sovereigns. The conversation grew warm, and at last Louis The king's ministers have received the official XVIII. positively declared "that if things continued note addressed to them by the ministers of the allied in that state, all that would remain for him to do, powers. The latter wish to persuade the king's |