hawk privateer, and his crew on board the Bulwark; Ccase of lieut. Bird; Contrast of treatment; Major Lowe; Of capt. Cochet and capt. Crowninshield; Of the murder of col. Bull;-Mr. Rea, his remarks on the destruction of the capitol; Capt. Reed, of the General Armstrong privateer; Revolutionary army of the U. S.-List of the staff; Sales of the U. S. horses, &c. at Richmond; Extract from Dr. Inglis' sermon; Slaves, of those carried off; The ithful slave; Lieut. Smith, of the U. S. navy; Spirited act; The "dash at" Stonington; The British at St. Mary's; Gen. Strong, of the Vt. militia, general orders; Superb 74, the news of peace received on board. Capt. Treat acquitted; Traitors; Useful hints, to gratify British curiosity; War and peace prices; Warrior privateer; A libel upon the U. S. ship Wasp Windsor Castle, a prize vessel; How to catch a Yankee; Yankee ingenuity. Judge Toulmin's decision in the case of the schr. Active; A decision in the circuit court of the U. States for Massachusetts, on patent rights; The case of com. Murray vs. col. A. M'Lane; The own ers &c. of the Roger privateer vs. the ship Fortuna and cargo; Case of the Nereid. NEW-ORLEANS. To which is to be added, the payment of the interest on the national debt-support of the civil government, allowances, pensions and bounties, &c. &c. &c. making in the whole not less than forty millions; or a grand total of one hundred and thirty millions, equal to about five hundred and seventy seven millions of dollars, for one year. The war expences were as follows: In 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1815, calculated at In eight years. €44,000,000 50,000,000 47,000,000 52,000,000 52,000,000 57,000,000 68,000,000 72,000,000 £442,000,000 Equal to $1,962,480.000-nearly two thousani! millions of dollars. To which inconceivable amount must be added vast claims not yet liquidated. The fiscal operations of Great Britain have been greatly aided by the Sinking Fund. (See the history and account of this fund, vol. II. page 60.) Its proceeds are sometimes nearly equal to the sums borrowed; but latterly, by some encroachments upon it, and a greater want of money, it has On the attack upon, from the Ulster Recorder; fallen much short. In 1806, the sinking fund was facts regarding the Kentuckians at Oricans; volumi- equal to a 65th part of the whole national debt. nous details of incidents and things belonging to the It went on prosperously three or four years and attack on the place; the march of the Tennesseans; got up to a 44th; but reverted, in 1814, to a 64th, Mr. Shields' second expedition; Gen. Villere; The and probably this year will be about a 70th part of gun-boats; Mexican patriots; General patriotism; the debt. In 1806 the product of the the sinking The ladies; Colonel Henderson; col. Lauderdale; fund was within 1.2,700,000 of the amount of the "caprice of John Bull's taste," poetical; Honors to loans for that year; in 1810, less by 5 millions; in General Jackson; Jackson's letter to gov. Blount; 1814, less by 29 millions; and in 1815, less by 33 his general orders in the case of M. Louaillier; millions of pounds. Gen. Humbert's address; Vote of thanks by the legislature of Louisiana; gov. Claiborne to gen. Carrol and reply The same to gen. Coffee, and ditto; From a soldier to his father; Gen. Carrol to gov. Blount. EXPENDITURES-LOANS, &c. FOR 1815. We now come to the difficult talk of attempting Considerable labor and attention have been di- to explain the nature and principle of the British reted to bring out the results below-which, the loans in general, but especially of the great loan of editor believes, will interest many of his readers 36 millions (159,840,000 dollars) voted on the 14th who have not leisure or opportunity to wade through of June last, in part to support the service of the the documents and papers needful to obtain them. year. The facts below have been collected, and The sum required for the service of the united collated with great care, and, we believe, are eskingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for the year sentially correct in all their parts. But much study 1815, was about 90 millions sterling, as follows: and reflection, perhaps, more than I am capable o Bestowing on the subject, is requisite to obtain a, all the instalments, they will receive for the first general idea of the British method of managing year, an additional extra or clear interest of about their loans. Indeed, it may be esteemed as a science 1,080,000l. That is the interest that will be paid sui generis. But the facts developed, as far we have or accrue on the stocks issued for the money the contractors have engaged to pay, will produce to them gone, are interesting and curious. The terms of this loan of 36 millions were as the sum of 1,334,0541. over and beyond the interest follows: on the money as really paid into the tiasury. 1301. 3 per cents. reduced 10. 4 per cents. 441. 3 per cents consols. for every 1001. We are unable to comprehend clearly the amount borrowed for the service of the year 1815; for the chancellor of the exchequer (Mr. Vansittart) some The dividend upon the 3 per cent. reduced and times leaves us in doubt whether he means Great 4 per cents, to commence from April last, and upon Britain and Ireland jointly, or Great Britain only, the 3 per cent. consols from July next; and the and there are some other things that we are not first half-yearly dividends on the 3 per cent. reduced, confident of under rightly. In his speech of the 3 per cent. consols, and 4 per cents. to be exempted 14th June, in the house of commons, in producing from the property tax. Discount after the rate of the budget he says 4 per cent. per annum for payments made in full. "The total amount of the capital created by the The time of payment embraces a period of 10 exchequer bills [treasury notes] funded, and the months-10 per cent. a month. The first instalment loan in the five per cents. amounted to 21,208,000% in June, 1815, the last in March, 1816. 5 per cent. stock: the interest of this to 1,060,0007. The day on which this loan was taken, those the sinking fund 331,000 with the usual charge amounts of stocks would have produced in the mo- for management. The loan obtained that day cre ney market 101/. 15 24. This, with the discount ated a capital of 49,680,000l. the interest of which for prompt payment, pre-interest allowed, &c. con- would be 1,517,000.; the sinking fund, which by the stitutes what is called in stock-jobbing phrase, the act of 1813 was extended to exchequer bills, would bonus; to be shewn more clearly below. amount to 758,7007; to which was to be added the But in consequence of this great loan being re-charge for management. The total amount of the quired, the stocks were lower on the 14th of June capital created in the present year by funding, was than they had ever been before, on one occasion ex-70,888,000l. The interest on this was 2,577,000; cepted. Only five days before, the stocks given for the sinking fund 1,090,0007. The total annual charge 1007. would have produced 1071. 10s. 6d. in money to the country, 3,689,0007. The rate per cent. at which the whole of the sum raised in the present year had been obtained was, to the subscribers (including the sinking fund) 57. 14s. 24d. The total charge to the country was, every thing included, 81. 38. 54d." thus: 1301. 3 per cent. reduced at 577. 10 102 4 per cents. 44.3 per cent consols 72. 15 741. 15 0 71. 5 6 251. 10 0 1077. 10 6 Difference 57. 14 34 By this, we suppose that nearly 50 millions had been borrowed, and that the whole charge to the nation therefor, was really at the rate of 81. 3s. 5jd. per cent. We shall now proceed to an estimate of part of the profits made by the contractors for this loan of Shewing a depreciation of the value of stocks, or 36 millions: a rise of the value of money, in the space of 6 days, of 51. 14 34, per cent. In the year 1792, the 3 per cent. consols had a steady sale at 951. per cent. In 1802, they had fallen to 77. At the peace of Paris, 1814, they were worth 66%. Their present value will be noted below, when we attempt to shew the profit made by the contractors for the loan. The real depreciation of the value of British stocks, compared with gold and silver, may be exhibited as follows: In 1792, 100% in the 3 per cents. would June 14, 1815, the same 100%. Deduct premium for specie 551 15 The price of stocks on the 27th of June (on the news of the downfall of Bonaparte) was For 3 per cent. reduced 4 per cents. 3 cent. consols. £58 15 0 73 26 60 10 0 The fair peace price of the latter may be esteem ed at 657. which, indeed, is lower than they are under such a circumstance. But we intend merely to attempt to shew what they may be considered to have realized in thirteen days, They have-46 millions of 3 per cent. reduced, rated to them, June 16, at 551. 2s. 6d. per cent. but 951. 00 0 worth on the 27th of that month, 581. 158. and had an advance of 3. 78. 6d. for every 100l. of stock. In like manner, there was an advance on the 4 per cents. of 31. 78. 6d. and on the 3 per cent. consols. of 4l. 15s. per 1001. 167. 14-39 1 046,000,000 of 3 per cent. red. at 34 7s. 6d. Real depreciation, per cent. per 1007. 551. 19 0 3,600,000 4 per cents ditto That is-100. of stock was worth fifty-five pounds 15,840,000 3 per cent. consols. 47. 158. nineteen shillings more in 1792, than on the 14th of June, 1815. 1,552,500 121,500 722,400 £2,296,400 A part of it But Mr. Vansittart said the contractors had reThe contractors of the loan have also a singuWe do not ess far advantage, or bonus, as to the interest on the lceived a bonus of 31. 2s. per cent. stocks issued. We see that the interest on some jactly know how this was made up. part of them is actually to commence almost two was in the 14 15s. 24d, which he gave in stocks, months before the loan was effected!-and they wil over their selling price on the day the loan was ne have received, or had due, 274,054 of interest, before gociated, as described above. But there is no doubt they paid one farthing of the principal. And further, they received the whole 34. 28. He would not maki Taking the end of 5 months as the equated time of it more then he had puit. 36 millions at 31. 28. per cent. Add to the above, rise of stock To which again add the interest received over and beyond the interest on the principal paid, as before stated 1,116,000 at the bank previous to the 28th of March, 1800, 2,396,400 was 4,227,0251.-The aggregate amount of bank notes, (including 1,200,2201. in bank post bills) in 3,512,400 circulation on the 15th of May, was 26,473,880. The average amount of unclaimed dividends on the hands of the bank for 12 months, up to the 1st *1,334,054 of January, was 779,7941. making the gross amount 9,357,5331.-The amount of unclaimed dividends 1.4,846,454 in the hands of the bank on the first of January, Which, I think, comes pretty nearly, though I hard-1815, was 1,297,7421. of which 876,7391. has been ly believe it amounts to the profits actually made by advanced to government per 31 and 48 George III. he contractors in the space of thirteen days. Upon leaving a remainder in the bank of 421,0037. reflection, I feel confident that this enormous amount Mr. Grenfell's resolutions, proposed concerning the is below the real profit. So great is the profligacy bank of England. of the government in issuing its paper, and so wily 1. That it appears, that there was paid by the the jobbers in the management of their affairs, that, public to the bank of England, for managing the it is probable, the sum may be given at six millions national debt, including the charge for contribuof pounds sterling-if not more. A few more calculations and we have doneThe amount of the loan Deduct the bonus at 31. 28. pcr cent. 1,116,000 The extra interest 1,334,054 Other allowances and charges of management 1,000,000 Produce Then, to shew the specie, or real value, deduct at the rate of 30 per cent. only (and specie at the time the loan was effected was more than that advance compared with bank notes, and the British government has doubtless paid at that rate for it) and the product will be tions on loans and lotteries, in the year ending 5th of July, 1792, the sum of 99,8031 128. 5d.; and 1.36,000,000 that there was paid for the like service, in the year ending 5th of April, 1815, the sum of 281,5681. 68: 11 1-4d. being an increase of 181,764l. 148. 6 1-4d. In addition to which, the bank of England have charged at the rate of 1250. per million on the amount of property duty received at the bank -3,450,054 on profits arising from professions, trades, and offices. 1.32,549,946 2. That the total amount of bank notes and bank post bills, in circulation, in the years 1795 and 1796, the latter being the year previous to the. restriction on cash payments; and in the year 1814, was as follows: 1795-1st Feb.-12,735,520.-and 1st Aug. 11,214,000!. 1796-ist do.-10,784,7401.-and 1st do. 9,856,1101. 1814-1st do.-25,154,9597.-and 1st do. 28,80,4501. 3. That at present and during many years past, more particularly since the year 1806, considerable 1 1.25,038,420 sums of public money, forming together an average The loan of thirty-six millions might, therefore, stationary balance amounting to many millions, have have been bought for 1.25,038,420 in cash, or its been deposited with, or otherwise placed in the equivalent. And 144/. of the loan raised only 100%. custody of the bank of England, acting in this in cash. respect as the bankers of the public. The stock issued for this loan of 36 millions, which 4 That it appears, from a report ordered to raised 25 millions in cash, or its equivalent, was be printed, 10th of August, 1807, from " the com65,440,000-thus: 46,000,000 of 3 per cent. reduced 3,600,000 4 per cents. 15,840,000 3 per cent. consols. 1.65,440,00-equal to $290,553,600 mittee on the public expenditure of the united kingdom," that the aggregate amount of balances and deposits of public money in the hands of the bank of England, including bank notes deposited in the exchequer, made up in four different periods of the quarter ending 5th January, 1807, fluctuated And 1001. of stock produced only 381. 58. in cash, betwixt the sums. or its equivalent. Tables to shew the actual taxes paid by the people of England, including those in the shape of ythes, poor rates and county rates, &c. &c. with a calculation of what is borne by the productive population of the kingdom, will be useful, and may Le attempted-to present a wholesome contrast to the people of the United States. 5. That the aggregate amount of such depo sits, together with the exchequer bills and bank notes deposited in the chests of the four tellers Bank of England accounts.-The average amount of the exchequer, was on an average in the year of public balances in the hands of the bank, be- 1814tween the 1st of February, 1814, and the 15th of 11,966,3717. including bank notes deposited at the January, 1815, both inclusive, upon accounts opened exchequer, amounting to 642,264-7. at the bank, was 261,1624.: and the amount of the same (exclusive of the exchequer account) between 11,324,1077. excluding bank notes deposited at the the 1st of February 1814, and the 15th of January, 1815, both days inclusive, upon accounts opened or, exchequer. 6. That it appears that this aggregate amount of deposits, together with such portions of the *This is fairly added, because the prices quoted amount of bank notes and bank post bills in cirwere those paid for the ordinary stocks. Those culation as may have been invested by the bank in issued for this loan were not yet in the market, ex-securities bearing interest, was productive during cept in what is calicd omnium-i. e. a script of all the same period, of interest and profit to the bank the stocks of which a loan may be composed, of England. 7. That the only participation hitherto enjoyed ment of Mexico on the subject of its future operaby the public, since the year 1806, in the profits tions, towards the establishment of free and enthus made on such deposits by the bank, has con-lightened system of polity. Order has thus suesisted of a loan of three millions, advanced by the ceeded confusion and anarchy. A paternal govern. bank, by 46 Geo. III. cap. 41, bearing 3 per cent, ment is established at Valladolid, composed of three interest, which loan was discharged in December, branches. We have scen a part of the address of the 1814 and in another loan of three millions, advanced to the public by the bank by the 48 Geo. III. cap 3, free, of any charge of interest; which loan became payable in December, 1814, but has, by an act of the present session of parliament, cap.16. been continued to the 5th of April, 1816. Mexican congress to the people. It is a masterly piece of eloquence, of sound principles, of true love of country and liberty. The independent army of Mexico, may be estimated at 70,000 regular troops and militia, and they have the happiest prospects of complete success. Where is the republican that 8. That this house will take into early consi- does not sigh for the emancipation of Mexico? Who deration the advantages derived by the bank, as that is free, will deny the blessing to his brother, well from the management of the national debt or be indifferent of his struggles to win it of tyranas from the amount of balances of public money ny? Who is there in the United States, merchant or remaining in their hands, with the view to the manufacturer, planter or artizan, that would not be adoption of such an arrangement, when the engage- benefitted by the liberation of this great empire ments now subsisting shall have expired, as may be from Spain, and in its exaltation to the rank of consistent with what is due to the interests of the a sovereign and independent state? The advancepublic, and to the rights, credit, and stability of the Bank of England. 18th June, 1815. ment of republican principles, as well as of the commercial interests of our country, are alike engaged on the side of the patriots of Spanish Ame rica, whose success would open a source of trade to us more important than any we have with the old world. In the present state of nations, policy, perhaps, may require the government of the Unit. At a time when our brethren of Mexico and South ed States to be neutral on this great question, but America are bravely contending for their liberties, it is impossible to divest the people of their wishes for the prosperity of the patriots. Mexico and South America. (From a Louisiana Correspondent.) it must be gratifying to the people of the United States to receive an account of their progress. VICE-ROYALTY OF NEW GRANADA. This great section of South America is most lThe Spanish government having prohibited the entry of foreigners into those important regions, for vantageously situated. Placed at the head of this the space of three centuries; we have only heard of extensive peninsula, possessing sea ports both on their existence by the fame of their mines: But the the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, nature has render. spell is at an end, the veil is rent asunder, and the ed New Granada one of the finest and richest magnificent theatre of the New World begins to un-countries in the new world. The communication on both seas is strengthened by the strong holds of fold itself in all its grandeur. Mexico and South America have, from the con- Guayaquil and Carthagena; both harbors capable quest, been divided in several grand sections, deno- of giving an asylum to all the navies of Europe. minated by the Spaniards vice-royalties, or captain- Carthagena is as well fortified as Cadiz. generalships. The vice-royalties are, Mexico, New Granada, Rio de la Plata, and Peru: The capital, or seats of government are, Mexico, Santa Fe de Bogata, Buenos Ayres, and Lima. The captain-geperalships are, Guatimala, Venezuela, Chili, &c. VICE-ROYALTY OF MEXICO, For the information of your readers, I give the following comparative statistical table of that country, with the United States, at the commencement of their political existence: Comparative table of the population, extent, commerce and coinage of the United States of America and the province of New Granada, at the epoch of the declaration of their independence. UNITED STATES. 2,448,000 The importance of this part of America, has been better known since the travels of the celebrated baron de Humboldt were published in Paris. "I conPopulation. According to the data presented to sider," says he, "as extremely probable, that the population of Mexico in 1808, exceeds 6,500,000." congress by the members on the 22d of June 1775, It is to be observed that Humboldt was deceived by the United States contained in the whole the Spanish authorities, as the policy of their cabi net constantly has been to conceal the importance of that extensive country. We know that the attempts of the famous count de Ravillagegedo failed during the administration of his paternal government, probably in compliance with orders from the king. Ravillagegedo was an American, and Mexico is indebted to his zeal and patriotism in many respects. Many of the most intelligent natives compute the population of the vice-royalty of Mexico at 9,000,000 of inhabitants, of which the city of Mexico alone contains 200,000. NEW GRANADA. Population. Guayaquil and Loxa, 130,000 210,000 500,000 365,000 150,000 " 390,000 215,000 130,000 280,000 100,000 2,500,000 Popayan and Neyva UNITED STATES. The spirit of independence was, from the beginning of the revolution, counteracted by the violence of party animosities. The failure of Hidalgo is attributed to several causes; disaffection, want of system and order; yet his downfall was chiefly as cribable to Vegenas' perfidy. The patriotism and example of Hidalgo has inflamed the breasts of his claration of independence, contained, according to countrymen, more especially the Mexican clergy, Brissot, 207,050 square miles, equal to leagues of as he was himself a priest. The events of late years | 6620 yards, Aave tended to enlighten the independent governs! Extent. The thirteen United States at the de 63,672 UNITED STATES. NEW GRANADA. } transaction is strengthened by a knowledge of the Extent. New Granada from Guatamala to Ma-fact, (which every act of the allies in France deracaybo on the Atlantic, and from Veraguas to the monstrates) that he was the chosen ruler of the valley of Tumbez on the Pacific, and thence to French people. Many people believe that the reMaracaybo, contains 67,200 leagues. ports given out of his expected resistance to transportation, are intended to cloak his designed mur Commerce. By the calculations of Brissot, Roch-der; which, indeed, is well supported by the foucault and Holmes, the imports of the colonies fact that Cockburn is to have charge of him-a man in 11 years, from 1763 until 1775, amounted to capable of any thing but an honest or honorable 26,582,269 pounds sterling, and the exports to action. 13,765,963, which amounts annually to Carnot retires to Switzerland. Foreign troops 2,416,569 $10,074,306 are yet pouring into France. It would appear that 5,562,004 some of them may be necessary to protect Louis on the throne; which, certainly, is not interfering with and bul-the internal government of France!! The duke of 7,000,000 Otranto, by license from the king, has married mademoiselle de Castellane, "of one of the most apcient families of Provence." Imports 1,251,451 Commerce. Annually exports in specie NEW GRANADA. lion at Cotton, cocoa, hides, bark, platina, emeralds, live stock, provisions, woods and drugs 2,500,0000 The works of art brought to Paris as trophies of the victories of France, from Italy, Prussia, &c. &c. 9,500,000 are to be carried back. Bonaparte has been greatly abused for carrying off these articles-why was In four years, from 1801 to 180, there was coin-he more reprehensible for that, than the British ed in New Granada In Santa Fe in 1801 to 1804. Silver Gold In Popayan. $28,272 5,214,199 3,854,858 9,097,829 2,299,219 Annually.* for sacking Alexandria, or for taking negro slaves away?! A shock! The exchange at Vienna fell 12 per cent, on a report that Bonaparte has escaped from Havre! It is said that the emperor Alexander will attend the coronation of "his brother of Austria" as king of Lombardy-and the latter will, assuredly, return the compliment by seeing him crowned king The seat of government of New Granada is now of Poland. These monarchs have not one particle held at the ancient palace of the Spanish vice- of that ambition they charged Bonaparte withTOYS. The provinces are governed by the last no, not one particle! They do not want to add acts of the congress; and by this regulation there kingdom to kingdom-no, no!! is in each of the provinces a governor, a lieutenant The British are rapidly reducing their naval esgovernor, an assembly, and a tribunal of justice tablishment. for appeal. All the public functionaries are cho- Many arrests have been made in France for "seditisen by the voice of the people, according to the elec-ous cries." The king himself appears to be assailtion laws enacted by the provincial legislatures.-ed with them very frequently-the people coming The federal government has made a very success. under his very windows, that he may hear them. ful attempt to organize the provincial governments The audacity of the factious, says a Paris paper of on the saine basis. By these means, local preju- Aug. 6, increases daily. 30,000 Prussians are comdices no longer exist, and ample and effective ing to Paris. The report that a body of Prussian s power has been given to the general government; had been cut off, seems destitute of any foundation. which, by the same law, is composed of three It is understood that 100,000 foreign troops are equal branches. The executive council consists to remain in France five years-to shew the love of of three members, who are chosen for three years, the people for their king! The duke of Bassano has obtained leave to reside in Switzerland. one of whom is annually elected. The legisla A Paris paper, of August 5, says, Marshal Brune ture is composed of two deputies from each pro-and his troops have sent in their submission. vince. The supreme tribunal consists of five judg es, and two attornies general, one of whom officiates in the civil, and the other in the criminal Court. The seat of government is at Santa Fe de Bogata. (To be continued.) Foreign Articles. The pope has written to the king of Spain to invite him to re-establish the order of the Jesuits in his kingdom, as a measure necessary for the maintenance of religion, the reformation of manners, and the progress of science. Many of the generals named in the decree of the king, of the 24th July, it is said have obtained passports to depart from the kingdom, The exportation of grain and other provisions from France is prohibited. French funds 604. It is rumored that Murat has been arrested at The exultation of the British over the fallen Napoleon Bonsparte, is disgraceful to the character of their country. The lion preys not on dead car. cases. And his transportation to St. Helena is an outrageous stretch of power without law, and abhorrent to every principle of greatness and mag-Toulon, with all his treasure. nanimity. History will speak of it as a violation of The Diet of Switzerland have been obliged to all honorable feeling, and give to infamy the go- take hostile steps against the canton Underwald, in vernments that directed the procedure. How difconsequence of armaments preparing there by dis ferent the behavior of France to kings of England affected persons. expelled from their country! The barbarism of the If the following be a genuine paper, it exhi bits a trait of character in Louis that cannot be too The writer has a table, shewing that from 1792, highly estimated-but we doubt its authenticity. to 1796, the amount of the coinage of the Unit-The following note by the editor of the Democratic Press, shows the manner in which it was received, ed States, was only about $163,511 per annum. |