The very statement of the question points out its ther congress has so acquired it. Without such extreme delicacy and great importance. It involves compact, a fugitive from justice cannot even be dethe great constitutional rights and powers of the manded, as of right, to be delivered up to the trigeneral government, as well as the rights, sovereign-bunals of the nation whose laws he has violated, much tv and independence of the respective state govern-less can he be tried and punished by a foreign tribuments. It calls upon this court to mark the limits nal for violating them. which separate them from each other; and to make If such a system shall once be adopted it will ina decision which may possibly put at issue, upon a troduce a strange kind of Mosaick war into the jugreat constitutional point, the legislature of the Uni-diciary of nations. Here a Cadi sitting in judgted States, and the supreme criminal tribunal of one ment upon an Italian denying the Pope's infallibiliof the states. ty. There the stern Fathers of the Holy Inquisi nounce. Such a question, involving such consequences, tion, putting a poor Turk to the rack because he ought to be approached with the utmost circum-denies that Mahomet is the Prophet of God. The spection, with the most cool, dispassionate and im judges of republican Virginia pilloring an Englishpartial investigation, and with a fixed determination man for libelling royalty-And the court of king's to render such judgment only as shall be the result bench inflicting the same punishment upon an of solemn conviction. The court has not been un American for libelling the government of the United mindful of these things-it has approached the sub- States, for the late declaration of war. ject with those feeliugs, and with that determinaThirdly-That the government of the United tion. It has bestowed its best consideration, its States, although it by no means possesses the endeepest reflection, upon it; and after viewing it in tire sovereignty of this vast empire, the great resievery point of light in which it has been placed by dium thereof still remaining with the states respecothers, or in which the court has been able to place tively, is nevertheless, as to all the purposes for it, has made up an opinion in which all the judges which it was created, and as to all the powers vestpresent concur, and which it has directed me to pro-ed therein, unless where it is otherwise provided by the constitution, completely sovereign.-And that But before that is done, it will be necessary to lay its sovereignty is as entirely separate and distinct down and explain certain principles on which it is from the sovereignty of the respective states, as the founded. sovereignty of one state is separate and distinct First-It is believed, that the judicial power of from that of another. So that, unless as before ex-any state or nation, forms an important portion of cepted, it cannot exercise the powers that belong to its sovereignty, and consists in a right to expound the state governments, nor can any state governits laws, to apply them to the various transactions ment exercise the powers which belong to it. And of human affairs as they arise, and to superintend that there is no one thing to which this principle and enforce their execution-and that whosoever is applies with more strength than to the revenue of authorised to perform those functions to any extent, the United States and things appertaining thereto. has of necessity to the very same extent the judicial It being notorious that a desire to give congress power of that state or nation which authorised him complete and entire control over that subject was the great and moving principle which called the Secondly-That the judiciary of one separate and present constitution into existence. It is admitted, distinct sovereignty, cannot of itself assume, nor however, that there are some exceptions to this last can another separate and distinct sovereignty either principle, they are such, however, as only prove the authorise or coerce it to exercise, the judicial powers rule itself. Thus, by the second section of the third of such other separate and distinct sovereignty. article of the constitution, among other things it is It is indeed true, that the interest of commerce, declared that "the judicial power of the United and the mutual advantages derived to all nations by States shall extend to controversies between citizens their respectively protecting the rights of property of different states, between citizens of the same to the citizens and subjects of each other, whilst state, claiming lands under grants of different states," residing or trading in their respective territories, &c.-These powers in the nature of things belonged have induced civilized nations generally to permit to the state sovereignties, and they were their courts to sustain suits brought upon contracts time of the adoption of the constitution, in commade in foreign countries, and to enforce their exeplete possession of them, nor could the courts of cution according to their true intent and meaning the United States, merely as such, by any principle And in order to ascertain that our courts do permit of construction have claimed them; but there were the laws of the country, where the contract was reasons, at that time deemed sufficient to justify the made to be proved to the jury, or the court of chan-extending the judicial power of the United States cery, as the case may be, as facts entering essential-to them, and they were extended to them, without, ly into the substance of the contract. But, in doing however, taking away the jurisdiction of the state all this, they do not act under the command, or by the courts; so that as respects those matters, the state authority of the sovereign of that nation. Nor are courts and the courts of the United States, have conthey exercising any portion of its judicial powers. current jurisdiction, by compact. They are only expounding, applying and superin- These things being premised, I return to the questending the execution of the law of their own state which authorises that mode of proceeding. to do so. at the tion: Can congress, by any act which it can pass, authorise the state courts to exercise or vest in them any portion of the judicial power of the United States; more especially that portion of it which is employed in enforcing their penal laws? But though there are the best reasons for permit ting our courts to sustain suits of this description, there is no good reason why one nation should authorise its judiciary to carry the penal laws of anoth- I shall not stop here to prove that the act in queser into execution, and it is believed, that no nation tion is, as respects this case, a penal law, or that to has ever done so. And, as has already been stated, enforce the payment of its penalties, in any way or there is no principle of universal law which author-form whatsoever, would be to execute, to enforce it. ises one sovereign to empower or direct the judiciary These are self-evident propositions which would onof another to do so. Such a right can be acquired ly be obscured by any attempt to elucidate them. by compact only. And we shall presently see whe. Nor shall I waste much time in considering whe ther our courts can resist an unconstitutional law. That question, as it respects our state laws, has long since been settled in Virginia, and the decisions of her courts have been acquieced in by the general assembly, with that wisdom and magnanimity which belongs to it. of the constitution, "all officers of the U. States are to be commissioned by the president," which the state judges are not. But who does the constitution intend shall decide upon the good behaviour of the judges of these inferior courts? Most unquestionably the senate of the This argument is much stronger as respects the United States, upon impeachment by the house of laws of congress, the legislature of a separate and representatives. So great an absurdity cannot be distinct sovereignty, by whose laws we are not bound, supposed, as that the constitution intended to put unless, to use the very words of the constitution, the judicial power of the United States, or any part they are "made in pursuance thereof." Was it other- of it, into the hands of judges in no wise responsible wise, were the state courts obliged to execute every to its government. Yet no man can pretend that the law which congress might pass, without enquiring state judges can be impeached and tried by that whether it was or was not made in pursuance of government. the constitution, it is most manifest, that the justly Besides, the constitution of the United States dreaded work of consolidation would not only be does not provide that the state judges shall hold their begun, but that, in principle, it would be completed: offices during good behaviour. and that states sovereignty and state independence would soon cease to exist. We have already seen that the government of the United States, is, as to the purposes for which it was created, a separate and distinct sovereignty, having rights, powers, and duties, which it is bound to exercise and discharge itself, and which it cannot communicate to the states over which it presides, and which they cannot intermeddle with, and that the judicial power forms a portion, and a most important portion it is, of its sovereignty. direct that it shall be so by law, and, in fact, some Congress cannot of them are elected for a limited period, and others may be removed by a vote of their state legislatures. So that if a law of congress should be very unpopular in one of those states, the judges could not execute it but at the risk of their commissions. Moreover, the judges of the state courts are callled upon by this act to exercise judicial power, which they hold at the will of congress, and which may be taken from them by the very breath which gave itand which, it is almost certain, will be taken from We have seen that there is nothing in universal them, whenever by a firm and independent exercise law, or the usage of nations which will authorise of their own judgments they shall much offend that one sovereignty to invest its judicial power, or any honorable body. So that under this system, neither part of it, in the courts of another, or direct them the people, nor the government of the United States, to execute it more especially that portion which would have that security for the uprightness of their respects its penal code. judges which the constitution contemplates. If then congress has a right to vest that, or any other portion of the judicial power of the United States, in the state courts, it must be in virtue of some compact. But there is no other instrument from which such a compact can be inferred but the constitution of the United States. Let us then see where it has deposited the judicial power of the general government, for, where it has placed it there it must remain. But the judges of these inferior courts are also to receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office, nor during the existence of a particular law, calling for particular services. From whom are they to receive this compensation? Certainly from the general government, to which those services are to be rendered. But do the state judges receive, or are they to receive, any comThat instrument does not take the least notice of pensation for these services to be rendered to the Unithe state courts as respects this subject. But it de- ted States? Every body knows that they do not. clares, section 1st of the 3d article, that "the judicial And we know, that if any judge of the state was to power of the United States shall be vested in one su-accept either commission or compensation from the preme court, and in such inferior courts as congress general government, he would by that act vacate may from time to time ordain and establish." And his office. by the 8th section of the first article, power is giv- But it is said, that the state courts do take cogen to congress "to constitute tribunals inferior to nizance of suits brought to enforce contracts made the supreme court." in foreign countries, and that they will take notice This judicial power then, the whole of it, without of those foreign laws, under the faith of which such any exception, is given to this supreme court, and contracts were made, and enforce them agreeably those inferior courts to be ordained and established by thereto, and that this suit sounds in contract. But congress. It has never yet been contended that how does it sound in contrect? Has the defendant congress can compel or authorise the state courts or contracted to pay the amount of this penalty to the any of them to perform the functions of the su- plaintiff? No, it is answered, it is not precisely so. preme court. By what kind of reasoning then can But it is understood to be a principle of universal it support a claim to exercise such a power with re-law, that every citizen and subject has entered into spect to the functions of these inferior courts? Did an implied contract, that he will obey the laws of his congress ordain and establish the state courts? Did country-that the laws of his country subject the it decree their existence? Did it appoint their judg-defendant to the payment of this penulty-that this es? Did it institute, did it settle, did it constitute suit is founded on that contract, and the state court them? Most certainly it has done none of those has for that reason jurisdiction over it. Indeed! things. It found them already ordained and esta-But before we yield our assent, let us see how far blished, and finding them so ordained and establish this reasoning will carry us. ed, it has by its law directed them to exercise this that an argument which necessarily proves too much, It is sometimes said, portion of the judicial power of the United States. proves nothing. But the judges of these inferior courts are to have offices which they are to hold during good behaviour. subject of every goverument, has agreed to submit By this same implied contract, every citizen and Now I take it for granted, that the man who holds an his head to the block, or his neck to the cord, whenoffice is an officer, and an officer too of that govern-ever the laws of his country require him to do so. ment whose business it is the duty of his office to If, therefore, this implied contract will give us juperform. And by the 3d section of the 3d article'risdiction over this penal law, and justify us in ex forcing its sanction, the same principle will give us the roof here was very high and a regular self-supjurisdiction over the entire penal code of every na-ported arch, from which hung great quantities of tion upon the earth, which no man can pretend to marcasite or spar, resembling icicles, some of which say we have. were transparent and beautiful-but to describe Upon the whole, however painful it may be, and the curiosities of this place would exceed the bounds actually is, to us all, to be brought, by a sense of du of a newspaper and the talents of the writer. ty, into conflict with the opinions and acts of the le- After leaving this cavern, curiosity excited the gislature of the United States, for which we enter-party to visit another which was about a quarter of tain the highest respect, and the constitutional laws a mile distant from the former, and which had nevof which we feel it our duty to obey and execute er been explored. The entrance into this is at the with cheerfulness, when their execution devolves up-foot of a precipice of rocks about 50 or 60 feet in on us; yet we cannot resist the conviction, that this height, a current of air issues from its mouth almost law is, in this respect, unconstitutional. It is the sufficient to blow out a candle-the entrance was unanimous opinion of this court, that to assume ju- quite narrow, not more than large enough to converisdiction over this case, would be to exercise aniently admit a person: the descent was quite steep portion of the judicial power of the United States, until we reached the bottom, when we were ushered which, by the constitution, is clearly and distinctly into a capacious room but rather rough and rocky. deposited in other hands; and that by so doing we There was a number of winding passages leading should prostrate that very instrument which we have from them, all of which were explored, but were taken a solemn oath to support. Miscellaneous Scraps. NATURAL CURIOSITY. found to terminate in going a few rods; at length a narrow passage was discovered, which being followed a short distance, opened into a large and vaulted natural ball-room, which was straight, about 20 feet wide, and about the same in height, and when illuminated had the most brilliant and romantic In the course of our editorial labors, we have laid appearance imaginable, drops like dew hanging aside a great many scraps, amusing, interesting, from the spar, and glittering in the rays of the canor useful-some of them of importance. We have dle, rendered the scene truly brilliant, and cannot thought they ought not to be lost-and shall be, fail of enrapturing a person who is susceptible of indeed, much mistaken, if the possessor of the the feelings caused by the contemplation of granWEEKLY REGISTER does not often refer to this deur, sublimity and beauty. This cavern is about a part of the work to pass a leisure moment agree-quarter of a mile in extent, and exploring it is atably. tended with no difficulty, it being capacious and smooth after leaving the entrance.-On one side is FROM THE CATSKILL RECORDER. In the town of heard the murmerings of a stream of water which Bethlehem, twelve miles from Albany, have been is discernable at different places through avenues discovered two remarkable caverns, which merit to resembling port holes-(a stream of water runs in be classed with the first of natural curiosities, and the same manner through the whole length of the claim the attention of the curious, and the admirers former cavern)-at the extremity of the cavern are of the works of nature. They were explored a short a number of passages leading different ways, which time since by a party of young gentlemen from Ca- are as perfectly straight, smooth, and as regularly ro, who were no less gratified, than astonished that arched, as if they had been hewn by the hand of in so great a phenomenon should so long remain unno-artist, though not very extensive. A pistol fired in ticed and unexplored. one of the passages made as loud a report as a six The first one we entered descends from a place pound cannon would in the open air.-In some plawhich is nearly level in a wood, the entrance of ces the sides of the cavern are composed of a chryswhich was about sufficient to admit the entrance of talized substance which is transparent and appears a barrel; the descent was about the steepness of to have been formed by the oozing of Inne wa common stairs, until we reached the bottom, which ter from the rocks, which is petrified and very much was tolerably smooth and level; it was from 10 to resembles ice. At one place in this cavern was dis15 feet wide, and about the same in height, the covered a hole in the rock about 12 feet from the passage widened from the entrance until we reach bottom of the cave, so small that it admitted a ed the bottom, which was supposed to be about 100 man with some difficulty; but on entering was found feet below the surface of the earth; in some pl-ces to be the passage to large room, where were found the roof was arched and smooth, and in others com the horns and bones of a deer, which appeared to posed of ragged rocks which in some places ap have lain there a great number of years, and probapeared to be almost ready to quit their hold and bly were carried there by some beast of prey, the threaten the intruder with instant death. After fear of which has probably been the restraining proceeding about half a mile, we came to a place cause of leaving this subterraneous curiosity so long where the timid are apt to have their curiosity unexplored. damped, and relinquish their researches: which was a narrow passage about 40 feet in length, and not more than 3 in height, and getting through it was "A GOOD SHOT." Northampton, Mass. Feb. 14.attended with considerable exertions and difficulty; Mr. Elijah Allen, jr. of this town, lately killed, at after which we entered the most remarkable part of one shot, 3 wild turkies, weighing 60 lbs.-he althe cavern-proceeding about one quarter of a mile so killed two at another shot, from the same flock, further, we came to a pond of pure and exceeding weighing together 40 lbs. Cairo, July 25, 1815. cold water, which was about 70 or 80 feet in circum- RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE. An officer and a lawyer, ference, and apparently in some places very deep; talking of a disastrous battle, the former was lawe threw in pieces of broken rocks which descend-menting the number of brave soldiers, who fell; ed with a roaring rumbling noise for some time be when the lawyer observed, that those who live by fore they reached the bottom; the water from this the sword, must expect to die by the sword. "By circumstance was judged to be as much as 40 feet a similar rule," answered the officer, "those who in depth: This place is the extremity of the cavern, live by the law, must expect to die by the law." PUNISHMENT FOR TREASON. From the Democratic change, over against the portrait of Washingtong Press. As our naturalized fellow citizens are threat-which seems to frown indignantly upon the se në ened by the proclamation of the prince regent, to be The picture represents the horrible tragedy which punished (if taken in arms) with the utmost severity was lately acted at Frenchtown, on the river Raising of the barbarous law of England, in cases of high oy the British and their Indian allies, under the treason, and as it is hardly possible to picture to the command of col. Proctor The subject will doubt. world an idea of the savage cruelty of that horrid less be too well recollected by every American. punishment without having witnessed its infliction, "The wounded," says the informant from the spot, it may not be amiss to present our readers with the "were left on the ground with promises of protec following lively description of it, by an eye witness; tion from the commanding officer, colonel Proctors it is taken from a collection of extracts from authen- ant that they should be carrried on the next morn On the morning of the 23d tic manuscripts, published at London in the yearing on sleds to Malden 1789, and the part selected is an account of the exe- January, about sunrise, a large body of the Indians cution of sir Thomas Blount and one Bennet Seely, came, plundered the wounded of their clothing and in the reign of Henry IV. for having adhered to the every thing of value, and tomahawked and scalped unfortunate Richard II. On them was literally exe- all that were unable to march." :cuted the inhuman and shocking sentence of the law of England, as threatened to be inflicted on our brave defenders. Let our naturalized citizens look on this bloody buoy, and they will not be at a loss to deter mine on the line of conduct which duty and honor call upon them to pursue. They will remember at the same time that they have a country that will at every hazard protect their persons and avenge their wrongs. An Indian of Capt. Hart, whose fate has excited so much inter rest, not less on account of his sufferings from the hands of the Indians, than from the perfidy of the sill more hideous savage, captain Elliott, is here seen receiving the unsolicited assistance from his classCaptains Mead and mate and perfidious friend. M'Cracken are lying on the field of honor, above whom is seen the lamented captain Hickmang whose situation excites the warmest interest. He Extract from an English pamphlet. is struggling under the grasp of a determined sa "Sir Thomas Blount, and one Bennet Seely, his vage, who appears to be certain of his prey, while companion, were drawn from Oxford (above three two other Indians render the fate of the victim sure, miles) to the place of execution, where they were each ambitiously striving to give the fatal stroke. hanged; but the ropes were soon cut and these gentle-On the foreground is exhibited a scene, the idea of men were made to talk, and sit on a bench before a which freezes the blood with horfor. great fire, and the executioner came with a razor in gigantic stature, armed cap-a-pie, bestrides the body his hand, and knelt before sir Thomas Blount, whose of the fallen Simpson (a late member of congress) hands were tied, begging him to pardon Aim his and with exulting triumph, holds to our view his death, as he must do his office. Then sir Thomas fresh and reeking scalp, while the unhappy sufferer asked him "are you the person appointed to deliver writhes at his feet in anguish. At a distance are me from this world?" The executioner answered, seen colonel Proctor and suite, with the Indian chief "yes," saying, "sir, I pray you pardon me," and sir Round Head, on horseback; who, to use the langitago Thomas kissed him, and forgave him his death. The of the colonel himself, "outh his band of warriors, executioner knelt down, and sir Thomas Blount rendered essential service by their bravery and gov made himself ready; and then the executioner open-conduct" These monsters in human shape, with a ed his belly, and cut his bowels straight from below regiment of British soldiers in their rear, are beholde the stomach, and tied them with a string, that the ing this scene of unprecedented barbarity without wind of the heart should not escape, and threw the stretching forth their hands to arrest the bloody bowels into the fire. Then sir Thomas Blount, was deed. The picture is composed of a multipheity sitting before the fire, his belly open, and saw his of other figures, which interest the beholder, and bowels burning before him. Sir Thomas D'Arpe- embellish the composition; but which, being mition ghen, king Henry's chamberlain, insulting Blount, in the scene, cannot here he minutely described: said to him, with derision, "Go seek a master that The subject, though horrible beyond measury, is can cure you." Blount only answered by putting rich and glowing, and cannot, particularly at a his his hands together, saying "Te deum laudamus, and ment like the present, but elicit the interest and ave blessed be the hour that I was born, and blessed be cite the indignation of every friend of his country, this day, for I shall die in the service of my sovereign lord, the noble king Richard.” EDUCATION. During the short-lived reign of Na "Arpeghen wished to compel him to reveal the poleon Bonaparte, afteï his return from Elbi, Carrots accomplices of his treason. "The words traitor and minister of the interior, made a report on the subjec treason," said he, "belong to thee and the infamous of national education. I began as follows: “There exists an example for the progress of fear Rutland, by whom the flower of English chivalry is this day destroyed. I summon you both, before the son, furnished by a country of the new world, more face of Jesus Christ, for your great treason against recently, but perhaps better sivilized than most of our sovereign lord the noble king Richard." The the nations of what is called the ancient worldexecutioner then asked him if he would drink? "no," When the Americans of the United States resolve. said he, you have taken from me the place into upon founding a town or even a village, their firs which I should put it. God be praised, my bowels Care is to introduce a public institution, as soon even are in the fire." He afterwards entreated the exe- as they transmit the instruments of agriculture cutioner to deliver him from this world, saying "it these men of scuse, the pupils of Franklin and Washburts me much to see the traitors who are present."ngton, well knowing that what is equally necessary The executioner then knelt down before him, and for the real wants of math, as the cultivation of langg kissed him in a very humble manner, and soon after the covering of houses, and the preparation of clothe ing, is the cultivation of his mind." The reporteig his head was cut off, and he was quartered." after this exordium, descants upon the durable ad National Picture. From a Charleston paper of vantages of elctnentary instruction, in the lower of Aug. 6, 1813-A national picture, from the pencil of ders of society, and informs the emperor, that there J.B.White, esq. is offered gratis to the view of the pub are at present in France 2 millions of children in with Tis. It is now exhibiting in the court room of the ex-of primary education. He says, be does not speak SUPPLEMENT PO VOL, IX, that education which forms half philosophers, or The height of the Peaks of Otter, deemed the men of the world, but only such as will form good ar highest mountains (from their base) of Virginia are tizans and moral men, by affording the elements of amongst the highest in the United States, which has indispensable knowledge, cod habits, and respect hitherto been a subject of uncertain conjecture, bas for the laws. He then proceeds to state how this lately been taken by geometrical operations with system may be most easily reduced to practice, and an excellent instrument and great care. They are concludes with a high eulogium upon Dr. Bell and found to be much short of the conjecture which has Mr. Lancaster, whose systems have been introduced prevailed. to ite remotest settlement of America, and for which helicits the patronage of the mper. Then follows a decree of the emperor, ordaining of an experiment school for primary education, as a model for subsequent national schools, to bring up tutors for the system. The following are the particulars most worthy of notice. The latitude of the sharp peak (which is the south one) taken by a single observation made on its apex, is 37° 33' 17" North. a The distance of the summits nearly 1 and 8-10 of mile, but exactly 95073 feet. The magnetic bearing of the summit of the South from that of the south peak, is N. 35° 50′ E.-from which 2o must be substracted for the present variation of the needle. By a mean of the observations, the height of the north peak, above the surface of Otter river, is 31034 EXCELLENT FENCE. From the Albany Daily Adver-feet-of the south or sharp peak, 2946 feet. Their tiser. Travelling lately upon the banks of Connec difference of height 157 feet. ticut river, in the vicinity of Hanover, I observed | hundreds-and I believe thousands of roods of strong, substantial and durable fence, made of white pine stumps, extracted from the ground with their roots. Curiosity led me to enquire by what power and machinery the operation of extraction was performed. An obliging stranger shewed me one of the machines The base lines measured-the one of 2806 feet or and explained the manner in which it was applied; 55-100 of a mile; the other of 6589 feet or 1 14 and as I apprehend these machines may be used to miles, were on the plains of Otter river, belonging great advantage in many parts of the United States to Christopher Clark, E-q. and the heirs of Andrew where they have not been heard of, I will endeavor, Donald, near the mill of the latter; the former line as far as I can recollect, to describe the machine, and in exact direction to the axis of the south peak; the explain the manner of using it. from the other. latter nearly parallel with the bearing of the one peak The machine consists of a very strong pair of wheels, say 18 feet diameter-the axis about 15 or The distance of the base lines measured from the 16 inches, diameter. Near to, and the inside of one points in the basis of the mountains, vertically, unthe wheels, a third wheel, somewhat less than the der their summits, was, the nearest 19002 feet; the others, is framed to the axis as a hob. A large rope, farthest 24523 feet, or about 4 miles generally. or hawser is fastened to the periphery of the small Supposing the radius of the earth 3965 miles, wheel and coils upon it. To the end of this hawser the north peak may be seen over a level country are hitched four oxen-a large chain is made to fas- to the distance of 62 1.4 miles; this will include ten to the centre of the axis and round the stump.the whole or a part of the counties of Amherst, The oxen, drawing upon the hawser, turn the small Nelson, Albemarle, Fluvanns, Buckingham, Cumwheel and axis, while the two large wheels re-berland, Franklin, Bedford, Campbell, Prince Ed. main stationary, only supporting the operation ward, Charlotte, Patrick, Henry, Pittsylvania and The stump when thus extracted, is borne off, swing- Halifax, and it may be seen over the summit of the ing under the axis, to the line where the fence is Blue Ridge, in Rockbridge and Botetourt. to be made. MERINOS. The number and grades of sheep ownIt may be necessary to add, that where the stumped by gentlemen residing within one mile of the is large and holds a strong grasp upon the earth, the centre of the town of Pittsfield (Mass.) are ascermost prominent top roots should be cut off three or four feet from the stump. The fence is constructed by throwing the stumps into line, and stopping in here and there a root to secure the widest openings. To those acquainted) with the durability of pine stumps, it is hardly necessary to observe that the fence constructed of them will remain sound for at least one generation. A machine constructed as above, and applied by! four men and four oxen, will extract from 70 to 80 stumps per day. Its usefulness needs no comment. There is nothing visionary about it. The expariment has been tried upon a large scale, and many a farmer who heretofore dreaded the pine stump as an enemy which would survive himself and annoy his. heirs, now swings his undisturbed scythe or cradle over the strong ground which his fallen foe once occupied. twined to be as follows: Full bloods, 1-4 h, Total, [June 1815.] 435 388 890 2299 170 3040 388 852 8462 The British in India. "In 1779, an enquiry took place before the house of commons, as to the conduct of the East India Company. General Burgoyne was chairman of the committee. He says, that "such a scene of iniquity, rapine and injustice, such THE PEAKS OF OTTER. We copy from the Lynch unheard of cruelties, such open violations of every burg Press the following nice geometrical calcula-rule of morality, every tie of religion, and every tions, which are the result of the unwearied indus-principle of good government, was never before distry and scientific character of the venerable Jer covered; and that, through the whole of the inves FERSON, then on a visit to his farm at Poplarigation, he could not find a single spot, whereon to Forest, in that neighborhood. It is delightful to tay his finger, it being all equally one mass of most Witness the serenity and elasticity of the eve of a unheard of villaimes, and the most notorious corrupwell-spent life, as exemplified in the present pursuits tion." This passage occurs in the first of more than and habits of this illustrious republican philosopher. 300 pages, all in the same style.” |