ing, and, in some parts (for instance, the account of Scottish society in the early part of the eighteenth century), it betrays powers much above the grade of the author's literary reputation. In 1804 Mr. Campbell was induced to appear as an original poet, in a work entitled The Grampians Desolate. If in this attempt he was not very successful in the principal object, it must at least be allowed, that his various knowledge, particularly in matters of Scottish antiquity, and the warm zeal with which he advocates the cause of the exiled Highlanders, give the work an interest for the patriot and the antiquary. Mr. Campbell finally published, in 1816, two parts of a collection of native Highland music, under the title Albyn's Anthology, for which Sir Walter Scott, Sir Alexander Boswell, and other eminent literary men, contributed modern verses. Unhappily, Mr. Campbell's acquirements, though such as would have eminently distinguished an independent gentleman in private life, did not reach that point of perfection which the public demands of those who expect to derive bread from their practice of the fine arts. Even in music, it was the opinion of eminent judges, that Albyn's Anthology would have been more favourably received, if the beautiful original airs had been left unencumbered with the basses and symphonies which the editor himself thought essential. the office of justice-general in Scotland, which had been hereditary in his family, but reserving to himself and his heirs the office of justiciary of Argyle and the Western Isles, which was confirmed to him by act of parliament. In 1633 the Earl of Argyle, having declared himself a Roman Catholic, was commanded to make over his estate to his son by the king, reserving to himself only as much as might support him in a manner suitable to his quality during the remainder of his life. Lord Lorne, thus prematurely possessed of political and territorial influence, was, in 1634, appointed one of the extraordinary lords of session, and in the month of April, 1638, after the national covenant had been framed and sworn by nearly all the ministers and people of Scotland, he was summoned up to London, along with Traquair the treasurer, and Roxburgh, lord privy-seal, to advise his majesty under the existing circumstances. They were all equally aware that the covenant was hateful to the king; but Argyle alone spoke freely and honestly, recommending the entire abolition of those innovations which his majesty had recklessly made on the forms of the Scottish church, and which had been solely instrumental in throwing Scotland into its present hostile attitude. Traquair advised a temporizing policy, but the Bishops of Galloway, Ross, and Brechin were for strong measures, and suggested a plan for raising an army in the north sufficient for asserting the dignity of the crown, and repressing the insolence of the Covenanters. This advice was agreeable to his majesty, and he followed it out with a blindness alike fatal to himself and the kingdom. The Earl of Argyle, being at this time at court, a bigot to the Romish faith, and friendly to the designs of the king, advised his majesty to detain the Lord Lorne a prisoner at London, assuring him that, if he was permitted to return to Scotland, he would certainly do him a mischief. But the king, supposing this advice to be the fruit of the old man's irritation at the loss of his estate, and seeing no feasible pretext for such a violent step, allowed him to depart in peace. He returned to Edinburgh on the 20th of May, and was one of the last of the Scottish nobility that signed the national covenant, which he did not do till he was commanded to do it by the king. His father dying this same year, he succeeded to all his honours and the remainder of his property. During the time he was in London, Argyle was certainly informed of the plan that had been already concerted for an invasion in Scotland by the Irish, under the Marquis of Antrim, who for the part he performed in that tragical drama, was to be rewarded with the whole district of Kintyre, which formed a CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD, Marquis of Argyle, principal part of the family patrimony of Argyle. This an eminent political character of the seventeenth arbitrary partitioning of his property, and for a purcentury, born in 1598, was the son of Archibald, pose so nefarious, must have had no small influence seventh Earl of Argyle. He was carefully educated in alienating him from the court. He did not, howin a manner suitable to his birth and station. Having ever, take any decisive step till the assembly of the been well grounded in the various branches of classi- church that met at Glasgow, November 21st, 1638, cal knowledge, he added to these an attentive per- under the auspices of the Marquis of Hamilton, usal of the Holy Scriptures, in consequence of which as lord high commissioner. When the marquis, by his mind became at an early period deeply imbued protesting against every movement that was made with a sense of religion, which became stronger and by the assembly, and finally by attempting to disstronger till his dying day. There had long been a solve it the moment it entered upon business, dis. hereditary feud between his family and the clan of the covered that he was only playing the game of the Macdonalds, against whom he accompanied his father king, Argyle, as well as several other of the young on an expedition in the year 1616, being then only nobility, could no longer refrain from taking an active in the eighteenth year of his age; and two years part in the work of reformation. On the withdrawal afterwards, his father having left the kingdom, the of the commissioner, all the privy council followed care of the Highlands, and especially of the Protes-him except Argyle; and at the close of the assembly, tant interest there, devolved almost entirely upon him. In 1626 he was sworn of his majesty's most honourable privy council, and in 1628 surrendered into the hands of the king, so far as lay in his power, Mr. Campbell, in early life, had been possessed of a handsome person, and a lively and social disposition. Gifted, as he then was, with so many of those accomplishments which are calculated to give a charm to existence, it might have been expected that his life would have been one of happiness and prosperity. It was in every respect the reverse. Some unhappy misunderstanding with the relations of his second wife led to a separation between them, and two individuals, who, united, could have promoted each other's happiness, lived for ever after apart and miserable. A numerous train of disappointments, not exclusively literary, tended further to embitter the declining years of this unfortunate man of genius. Yet his own distresses, and they were numerous, both from disease and difficulty of circumstances, could never either break his spirits, or chill his interest in the happiness of his friends. If he had the foibles of a keen temper, he was free from the faults of a sullen and cold disposition. After experiencing as many of the vicissitudes of life as fall to the lot of most men, he died of apoplexy on the 15th of May, 1824, in the sixty-first year of his age. Mr. Henderson the moderator, sensible of the advantages they had derived from his presence, compli mented him in a handsome speech, in which he regretted that his lordship had not joined with them sooner, but hoped that God had reserved him for the | the ford of Lyon, was sent prisoner to Stirling; and best times, and that he would yet highly honour him his factor, Stuart, younger, of Grantully, with twelve in making him instrumental in promoting the best of the leading men in his neighbourhood, were cominterests of his church and people. To this his lord-manded by Argyle to enter in ward at Edinburgh till ship made a suitable reply, declaring it was not they found security for their good behaviour, and he from want of affection to the cause of God and his exacted 10,000 pounds Scots in the district, for the country that he had not sooner come forward to their support of his army. Passing thence into Angus, assistance, but from a fond hope that by remaining Argyle demolished the castles of Airly and Forthar, with the court, he might have been able to bring residences of the Earl of Airly, and returned to about a redress of their grievances, to the comfort Argyleshire, the greater part of his troops being sent and satisfaction of both parties. This assembly, so to the main body in England. remarkable for the bold character of its acts, sat twenty-six days, and in that time accomplished all that had been expected from it. The six previous assemblies, all that had been held since the accession of James to the English crown, were unanimously declared unlawful, and by this sentence their proceedings in favour of Episcopacy were cancelled, and Episcopacy itself overthrown in Scotland. Two archbishops and six bishops were excommunicated, four bishops were deposed, and two, who made humble submission to the assembly, were simply suspended, and thus the whole Scottish bench was at once silenced. The assembly rose in great triumph on the 20th of December. "We have now," said the moderator, Henderson, "cast down the walls of Jericho; let him that rebuildeth them beware of the curse of Hiel the Bethelite." While the assembly was thus doing its work, the time-serving Marquis of Hamilton was, according to the instructions of his master, practising every shift to give the king the better ground of quarrel, and allow him time to collect his forces. Preparations for an invasion of Scotland had for some time been in progress, and in May, 1639, Charles approached the border with about 16,000 men, while a large host of Irish Papists was expected to land in his behalf upon the west coast, and Hamilton entered the Firth of Forth with a fleet containing a small army. During this first campaign, while General Leslie with the main body of the Scottish army marched for the border with the view of carrying the war into England, Montrose, at this time one of the most violent of the Covenanters, was sent to the north to watch over Huntly and the Aberdonians, and Argyle proceeded to his own country to watch the Macdonalds and the Earl of Antrim, who threatened to lay it waste. For this purpose he raised not less than 900 of his vassals, part of whom he stationed in Kintyre to watch the movements of the Irish, and part in Lorn to guard against the Macdonalds, while with a third part he passed over into Arran, which he secured by seizing upon the castle of Brodick, one of the strongholds belonging to the Marquis of Hamil ton; and thus rendered the attempt on the part of the Irish at the time nearly impossible. On the pacification that took place at Birks, near Berwick, Argyle was sent for to court; but the Earl of Loudon having been sent up as commissioner from the Scottish estates, and by his majesty's order been committed to the Tower, where he was said to have narrowly escaped a violent death, the Earl of Argyle durst not, at this time, trust himself in the king's hands. On the resumption of hostilities in 1640, when Charles was found to have signed the treaty of Birks only to gain time, the care of the west coast, and the reduction of the northern clans, was again intrusted to Argyle. | Committing, on this occasion, the care of Kintyre and the Islands to their own inhabitants, he traversed, with a force of about 5000 men attended by a small train of artillery, the districts of Badenoch, Athol, and Marr, levying the taxes imposed by the estates, and enforcing subjection to their authority. The Earl of Athol, having made a show of resistance at In this campaign the king, finding himself unable to continue the contest, made another insincere pacification at Ripon, in the month of October, 1640. Montrose, who had been disgusted with the Covenanters, and gained over by the king, now began to form a party of loyalists in Scotland; but his designs were accidentally discovered, and he was put under arrest. To ruin Argyle, who was the object of his aversion, Montrose now reported, that at the ford of Lyon he had said that the Covenanters had consulted both lawyers and divines anent deposing the king, and had gotten resolution that it might be done in three cases-desertion, invasion, and vendition, and that they had resolved, at the last sitting of parliament, to accomplish that object next session. For this malicious falsehood Montrose referred to a Mr. John Stuart, commissary of Dunkeld, who upon being questioned retracted the accusation, which he owned he had uttered out of pure malice. Stuart was, of course, prosecuted for leasing-making, and, though he professed the deepest repentance for his crime, was executed. The king, though he had made an agreement with his Scottish subjects, was getting every day upon worse terms with the English, and in the summer of 1641 came to Scotland with the view of engaging the affections of that kingdom, so that he might oppose the parliament with the more effect. On this occasion his majesty displayed great condescension; he appointed Henderson to be one of his chaplains, attended divine service without either service-book or ceremonies, and was liberal of his favours to all the leading Covenanters. Argyle was on this occasion particularly attended to, together with the Marquis of Hamilton and his brother Lanark, both of whom had become reconciled to the Covenanters, and admitted to their full share of power. Montrose, in the meantime, was under confinement, but was indefatigable in his attempts to ruin those whom he supposed to stand between him and the object of his ambition, the supreme direction of public affairs. For the accomplishment of this darling purpose he proposed nothing less than the assassination of the Earls of Argyle and Lanark, with the Marquis of Hamilton. Finding that the king regarded his proposals with horror, he conceived the gentler design of arresting these nobles during the night, after being called upon pretence of speaking with Charles, in his bed-chamber, when they might be delivered to a body of soldiers prepared under the Earl of Crawford, who was to carry them on board a vessel in Leith Roads, or to kill them if they made any resistance; but at all events, to detain them till his majesty had gained a sufficient ascendency in the country to try, condemn, and execute them under colour of law. Colonel Cochrane was to have marched with his regiment from Musselburgh to overawe the city of Edinburgh; a vigorous attempt was at the same time to have been made by Montrose to obtain possession of the castle. In aid of this plot, an attempt was made to obtain a declaration for the king from the English army, and the Catholics of Ireland were to have made a rising, which they actually attempted on the same day; all evidently undertaken in concert for the promotion of the royal cause-but all of which had the contrary effect. Some one, invited to take a part in the plot against Argyle and the Hamiltons, communicated it to Colonel Hurry, who communicated it to General Leslie, and he lost not a moment in warning its intended victims, who took precautions for their security the ensuing night, and, next morning, after writing an apology to the king for their conduct, fled to Kiniel House in West Lothian, where the mother of the two Hamiltons at that time resided. The city of Edinburgh was thrown into the utmost alarm, in consequence of all the leading Covenanters judging it necessary to have guards placed upon their houses for the protection of their persons. In the afternoon, the king, going up the main street, was followed by upwards of 500 armed men, who entered the outer hall of the parliament house along with him, which necessarily increased the confusion. The house, alarmed by this military array, refused to proceed to business till the command of all the troops in the city and neighbourhood was intrusted to General Leslie, and every stranger not particularly known ordered to leave the city. The three noblemen returned to their post in a few days, were to all appearance received into their former state of favour, and the whole matter seemed in Scotland at once to have dropped into oblivion. Intelligence of the whole affair was, however, sent up to the English parliament by their agents, who, under the name of commissioners, attended as spies upon the king, and it had a lasting and a most pernicious effect upon his affairs. This, and the news of the Irish insurrection, which speedily followed, caused his majesty to hasten his departure, after he had feasted the whole body of the nobility in the great hall of the palace of Holyrood, on the 17th of November, 1641, having two days before created Argyle a Marquis. Finding on his return to London that the parliament was getting more and more intractable, Charles sent down to the Scottish privy council a representation of the insults and injuries he had received from that parliament, with a requisition that they would send up to Westminster a declaration of the deep sense they entertained of the danger and injustice of their present course. A privy council was accordingly summoned, and a number of the friends of the court, Kinnoul, Roxburgh, and others, now known by the name of Banders, having assembled in the capital, strong suspicions were entertained of a design upon the life of Argyle. The gentlemen of Fife and the Lothians hastened to the scene of action, where the high royalists, who had expected to carry matters in the council against the English parliament, met with so much opposition, that they abandoned their purpose, and the king signified his pleasure that they should not interfere in the business. When hostilities had actually commenced between the king and the parliament, Argyle was so far prevailed upon by the Marquis of Hamilton to trust the asseverations of his majesty for peace, that he signed, along with Loudon, Warriston, and Henderson, the invitation framed by the court party to the queen to return from Holland, to assist in mediating a peace between his majesty and the two houses of parliament. The battle of Edgehill, however, so inspirited the king, that he rejected the offer on the pretence that he durst not hazard her person. In 1642, when, at the request of the parliament of England, troops were raised by the Scottish estates to aid the Protestants of Ireland, Argyle was nominated to a colonelcy in one of the regiments, and in the month of January, 1644, he accompained General Leslie with the Scottish army into England as chief of the committee of parliament, but in a short time returned with tidings of the defeat of the Marquis of Newcastle at Newburn. The ultra royalists, highly offended at the assistance afforded by the estates of Scotland to the parliament of England, had already planned and begun to execute different movements in the north, which they intended should either overthrow the estates or oblige them to recall their army from England for their own defence. The Marquis of Huntly had already commenced hostilities, by making prisoners of the provost and magistrates of Aberdeen, and plundering the town of all its arms and ammunition. He also published a declaration of hostilities against the Covenanters. Earl-marischal, apprised of this, summoned the committees of Angus and Mearns, and sent a message to Huntly to dismiss his followers. Huntly, trusting to the assurances he had obtained from Montrose, Crawford, and Nithsdale of assistance from the south, and from Ireland, sent an insulting reply to the committee, requiring them to disband, and not interrupt the peace of the country. In the month of April Argyle was despatched against him, with what troops he could raise for the occasion, and came unexpectedly upon him after his followers had plundered and set on fire the town of Montrose, whence they retreated to Aberdeen. Thither they were followed by Argyle, who, learning that the laird of Haddow, with a number of his friends, had fortified themselves in the house of Killie, marched thither, and invested it with his army. Unwilling, however, to lose time by a regular siege, he sent a trumpeter offering pardon to every man in the garrison who should surrender, the laird of Haddow excepted. Seeing no means of escape, the garrison accepted the terms. Haddow was sent to Edinburgh, brought to trial on a charge of treason, found guilty, and executed. Huntly, afraid of being sent to his old quarters in Edinburgh Castle, repaired to the Bog of Gight. In the meantime about 1200 of the promised Irish auxiliaries, under Alaster Macdonald, landed on the island of Mull, where they captured some of the small fortresses, and sailing for the mainland, they disembarked in Knoydart, where they attempted to raise some of the clans. Argyle, to whom this Alaster Macdonald was a mortal enemy, having sent round some ships of war from Leith, which seized the vessels that had transported them over, they were unable to leave the country; and he himself, with a formidable force, hanging upon their rear, they were driven into the interior, where they traversed the wilds of Lochaber and Badenoch, expecting to meet a royal army under Montrose, though in what place they had no knowledge. Macdonald, in order to reinforce them, had sent through the fiery cross in various directions, though with indifferent success, till Montrose at last met them, having found his way through the country in disguise all the way from Oxford, with only one or two attendants. Influenced by Montrose, the men of Athol, who were generally anti-covenanters, joined the royal standard, and he soon found himself at the head of a formidable army. His situation was not, however, promising. Argyle was in his rear, being in pursuit of the Irish, who had committed terrible ravages upon his estates, and there were before him 6000 or 7000 men under Lord Elcho stationed at Perth. Elcho's troops, however, were only raw militia, and their leaders were disaffected to the cause. As the most prudent measure, he did not wait to be attacked, but went to meet Montrose, who was marching through Strathearn. Elcho took up a position upon the plain of Tippermuir, where he was attacked by Montrose, and totally routed in the space of a few minutes. Perth fell at once into the hands |