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AN exhibition of the results obtained last year by Prof. Flinders Petrie and his coadjutors in the field of Egyptian archæology was opened at University College, Gower Street, on Thursday last, and will remain on view for a month. Last winter excavations were carried on in the peninsula of Sinai. At Sarabit el Khadem the mines were of turquoise, and no copper was found. The interesting feature on this site is the evidence of the Semitic-not Egyptian worship which was practised. The whole region is scattered over with shelters for pilgrims, usually containing a Bethel stone, some of which have Egyptian inscriptions of the twelfth dynasty. The pilgrims came for oracular dreams like Jacob's, and the shelters are only in the region of the temple. They are quite distinct from the miners' dwellings, such as are common at Wady Maghara. This Bethel custom is a special feature of Semitic belief, and is quite unknown in Egypt. The temple at Sarabit was originally a sacred cave-perhaps as early as Seneferu. It was carved by Amenemhat III., and furnished with altars for the worship of Hathor. In front of it, on the edge of the hill, was an enormous mass of ashes of burnt offerings, showing the burnt sacrifices on high places familiar to Semitic worship. The temple was extended over these burnt offerings by Tahutmes III. and other kings until Sety I. Of the temple itself beautiful and instructive model is shown, the scale being one-fiftieth. The whole length of the building is nearly 250 feet. Though it has been known since the time of Niebuhr, no clearance had been made; but now many new features have been brought to light from under the rubbish. The primitive shrine of Hathor was a rock cave, and the discovery of a hawk with the finely cut name of Seneferu makes it probable that the shrine is as old as the third dynasty.

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IT is announced in the Electrician that as a result of the successful experiments with the De Forest wireless telegraphy in moving trains, the Chicago and Alton Railway will supply wireless telegraphy apparatus on its two express trains running daily between Chicago and St. Louis, and ultimately on its whole system. Messages were received while the train was running at fifty miles per hour. For some time while the train was approaching the Mississippi River above the elevated stretch leading to Merchants' Bridge, the increase in strength of the signals was very marked, but when the train entered the framework of the bridge it was found that signals became almost imperceptible owing to the screening action of the bridge. It was observed also that the signals were stronger when the train was broadside on to the transmitting station and running at right angles to it. The fact that the radiations were following the course of the river in preference to overland paths was very marked as the train pulled out of Alton, Illinois. At one point the track runs within a few hundred feet of the river, and at this point the signals from St. Louis, thirty miles away, which had just previously become very weak, were increased in intensity to a surprising degree. No difficulty seems to have been experienced even when the train was many miles from the transmitting station and was threading through the yards and sidings of Chicago, completely

hidden by large elevators and steel structures of every description.

THE New York correspondent of the Lancet states that a subcommittee of twenty-one coloured physicians and clergymen has been organised by the New York Charity Organisation Society's Committee on the Prevention of Tuberculosis to fight tuberculosis among the coloured people of New York. The New York health board is cooperating with the movement, and has placed its dispensary under the supervision of the medical members of the subcommittee for three evenings a week. A course of illustrated lectures treating of tuberculosis will be given shortly in the churches for coloured congregations. It is stated that there are between 60,000 and 65,000 coloured persons in New York city, and that their death-rate from tuberculosis is 5.33 per 1000, as against 2.37 per 1000 among the whites.

THE first part of the Home Office "Mines and Quarries : General Report and Statistics for 1904" has just been issued. The total number of persons employed at the mines of the United Kingdom was 877,057, of whom 847,553 worked at the 3333 mines under the Coal Mines Act and 29,504 at the 673 mines under the Metalliferous Mines Act. The total number at coal mines is the highest recorded since 1873, and that at metalliferous mines the lowest. The output included 232,428,272 tons of coal, 3,043,045 tons of fireclay, 7.557.733 tons of ironstone, and 2,333,062 tons of oil shale. The coal production is the highest recorded. The deaths from accidents amounted to 1055 in collieries and 35 in metalliferous mines, the death rate per 1000 persons employed being 1.24 in the former case and 1.19 in the latter. It is gratifying to note that the former rate has never been lower.

No. 21 of the Publications of the Earthquake Investigation Committee (Tokyo) contains a lengthy paper by Prof. Omori on horizontal pendulum observations at Tokyo; the most interesting of the results is the conclusion that the first movement is usually towards the origin in the case of near or moderately distant earthquakes, but in a small proportion of the records it is away from the origin. The author attributes this difference to a distinction in the cause of the earthquakes, the first type being due to the sudden collapse of a subterranean cavity, or the crushing down of a horizontal stratum, and the second type to the sudden splitting asunder or widening of a vertical cavity by the expansive action of steam or gases. In another part of the paper, however, he points out that in the case of artificial earthquakes caused by explosions, the first movement is outwards if these take place on the surface of the ground, but inwards if the explosive is buried at some little depth. Other points which are commented on are the resemblance between the records of earthquakes of similar intensity and originating in the same region, and the occasional occurrence of long-period undulations combined with shorter-period vibrations in the first phase of distant earthquakes.

THE investigations of the relation between variation of barometric pressure and sea level on the coast of Japan, which were noticed in NATURE of November 3, 1904, has been continued by Prof. Omori, who shows, in the Proceedings of the Tokyo Physicomathematical Society (vol. ii., No. 20), that the relationship found on the Pacific extends to the western coasts of Japan, so that all round these islands the rise of sea-level is greater than that due to the local diminution of barometric pressure alone. The consequence of this is that a low barometer means a

decrease of pressure on land but an increase of pressure on the surrounding sea bottom, the latter being about 1.6 times as great as the former. An interesting result, attributed to this cause, is given in No. 21 of the Publications of the Earthquake Investigation Committee, where the behaviour of a horizontal pendulum during the storm of October 10-11, 1904, is described; the low-pressure area passed to the east of Tokyo, and during its passage the horizontal pendulum indicated a tilting, which reached 3-5 seconds of arc, to the east-that is, in the direction of the low barometric pressure-indicating an increase of pressure on the sea bottom in that direction.

WE have received the report of the Government Observ atory, Bombay, for the year 1904. This observatory deals chiefly with terrestrial magnetism, meteorology, and seismology; it has issued a long series of valuable publications, and many years ago Mr. Charles Chambers, then director, prepared an elaborate discussion of the meteorology of Bombay. The care bestowed upon the records of the photographic self-registering instruments may be gathered from the fact that the watchmen go round once every hour, night and day, to see that the clocks are all going and the lights burning. Their regular attendance is automatically recorded on the photograms themselves. The total rainfall for the year amounted to only 33-4 inches, being 41-7 inches below the normal value for twenty-four years (1873-96); this is the smallest fall recorded at the observatory. Milne's seismograph registered thirty-five earthquakes during the year.

FROM information received from the president of the International Aëronautical Committee, we find that in the months of January to April last the average monthly number of stations participating in the balloon and kite ascents was sixteen; kite observations were made each month at Oxshott by Mr. Dines, and at Aldershot, by the military balloon section, in February and March. The most notable heights attained, by means of unmanned balloons, were 19,420 metres at Strassburg and 21,733 metres at Berlin. In April kite and unmanned balloon observations were made from the Prince of Monaco's yacht in the Mediterranean. These are the first ascents made with unmanned balloons in the open sea, and these successful experiments show that Prof. Hergesell's idea of obtaining such observations over the oceans may possibly be realised.

BULLETIN NO. 35 of the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, Conn., deals with the Camembert type of soft cheese. The conclusion is arrived at that the ripening is due to definite moulds and bacteria. One mould (? Penicillium candidum) seems to produce the changes which result in the texture of the cheese, and it, together with the Oidium lactis, produces the flavour, lactic acid bacteria giving the necessary acidity and retarding the action of other bacteria. It is found possible so to control the process of ripening that the desired result may be obtained with reasonable uniformity.

WE have received the first number of a new periodical, the Medico-technologisches Journal, edited by Dr. Berthold Beer, which is to be devoted to medical and surgical instruments and the various apparatus employed in bacteriology, photography, radiography, hygiene, &c., and appertaining to the medical sciences and physical therapeutics. contains a prefatory article by Dr. Beer, and descriptions of Zeiss's apparatus for the demonstration of ultramicroscopic particles and of various surgical instruments

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and pharmaceutical preparations, together with photographic and balneological notes and new literature. Such a journal, provided it gives concise descriptions of the principal new inventions of the various countries, and not of Germany only, should supply a decided want.

IN a paper contributed to the June number of the Zoologist Mr. J. G. Millais points out that the English black rat-the type of Mus rattus of Linnæus-is by no means the blackest representative of the species, that distinction falling to a race which it is proposed to call M. rattus ater, and of which specimens have been taken in England. No doubt this is right enough, but when the author proceeds to suggest English names for the various local races of the species in question he follows a course which, in our opinion, cannot but land him in difficulties. The species itself he rightly calls the black rat, but for its local races the name of Alexandrine rat is taken, so that the typical form becomes the northern Alexandrine rat, while the new race is termed the black Alexandrine rat. Their proper designations should be the Alexandrine black rat and the Black Sea black rat.

IN the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (vol. iii., part iii., No. 22) Sir Charles Elliot describes the nudibranch molluscs collected during the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. These comprise but two species, two of which are, however, referable to new and interesting generic types. The most remarkable feature is the absence in the collection of all representatives of Doris and its allies, a feature common to the Discovery collection of this group, which has been entrusted to the author for description. Certain holothurians of the genus Psolus from the Antarctic present a superficial resemblance to dorids, although this is not regarded as more than accidental.

As a supplement to part iii. of Prof. Herdman's report on the pearl oyster fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, published by the Royal Society, Messrs. Shipley and Hornell describe several new parasitic worms (some referred to new generic types) obtained from elasmobranch fishes frequenting the pearl-banks. Possibly, although not probably, some of the cestodes may be the parent form of the pearl-producing larvæ. No direct light is thrown by the investigations on the problem of the provenance of the pearl-producing parasite.

THE departmental committee appointed to investigate certain matters connected with the sea-fisheries of Sutherland and Caithness reports that cod and ling have of late years been much less abundant than formerly on the coast. As regards a proposed close time for herrings, it was considered that the fishermen themselves are the best judges as to whether such a protective measure is advisable. Trawling in the Moray Forth (which is not permitted to British craft) by foreign vessels is held to be responsible for considerable injury to the fishery.

ACCORDING to the report for 1904, the Marine Biological Association of the West of Scotland has had a very successful year, the only drawback being certain difficulties with regard to the staff. The year witnessed the practical completion of the large extensions of the station generously provided by Mr. J. Coats, jun., which were opened by Sir John Primrose in September last, and promise to meet all present requirements. The hope is expressed that it may be found possible to retain the invaluable services of the S.Y. Mermaid during the present season.

Nos. 4 and 5 of the admirable series of Cold Spring Harbour Monographs are respectively devoted to the lifehistory of the chrysomelid beetle Chlamys plicata, commonly called " case-bearer," and of the "mud-snail (dog-whelk), Nassa plicata, E. M. Briggs and A. C. Dimon being the respective authors, or, as some would say, authoresses. The case-bearer is remarkable for the fact that its encased larvæ resemble not only undeveloped buds of the alder, but likewise the fruit of the high-vine blackberry. Of the "mud-snail" the life-history and habits are described in considerable detail, and a number of observations recorded with regard to its reactions to light, &c.

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Two addresses, on Spirals and 'Ambidexterity," which were delivered before the Hampstead Scientific Society by Sir Samuel Wilks, Bart., F.R.S., on April 14 and May 12 respectively, have just been issued in pamphlet form by Mr. S. C. Mayle, of Hampstead. The society is to be congratulated on having the active support of so eminent a man as Sir Samuel Wilks.

AT the meeting of the Aëronautical Society of Great Britain to be held on Wednesday next, the following communications will be read:-"Some Remarks on Aërial Flight," by G. H. Wenham; "Demonstration of a Birdlike Flying Machine,' by Dr. F. W. A. Hutchinson; "Balloon Varnishes and their Defects," by W. F. Reid; and The Thrust of Aërial Propellers," by W. G. Walker.

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OUR ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE SATELLITES OF SATURN AND URANUS. An important set of observations of the satellites of Saturn and Uranus, involving some hundreds of individual settings," was made by Messrs. Frederick and Hammond with the 26-inch equatorial of the U.S. Naval Observatory during 1904. The position angle and distance of each satellite were measured from a second satellite, the angle about the inner body always being taken. The observations extended over the period May 24 to October 11, and the detailed results are published in No. 4026 of the Astronomische Nachrichten.

GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS FROM SOLAR ECLIPSES.-The Journal of the British Astronomical Association (vol. xv., June 22) contains a paper in which Mr. C. E. Stromeyer points out that if the central shadow of the coming August eclipse be accurately located, all the necessary data will be available for the determination of the geocentric difference of any two observation stations. He proposes two methods for eye observations, and two photographic methods, of which one in particular seems capable of being carried out with the desired precision; it consists in photographing a trail of the central phase of the eclipse on to a moving film.

The method described can be carried out both within and outside the shadow, but the best results will be obtained if the observer is just on the edge of the shadow. The method can also be used with annular eclipses, and if found to be trustworthy would be a valuable means for gradually determining the geocentric distances of various points, even of islands in mid-ocean, which can never be triangulated.

MONOCHROMATIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE ORION NEBULA.On obtaining a series of spectrograms of the Orion nebula with a small objective-prism quartz spectrograph, Prof. Hartmann found that different parts of the nebula emit light of very different composition, whilst large areas, of characteristic forms, shine solely by the ultra-violet radiation at A 3727. This variety of the light emitted by the several areas of the nebula led Prof. Hartmann to employ colour screens in obtaining direct photographs with Steinheil reflector of 24 cm. aperture and 90 cm. focal length. Three screens were used; the first completely absorbed all wave-lengths shorter than A 4800, but allowed

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HB and the two chief nebular lines, N, and N2, to pass through almost without any diminution of intensity. The second screen freely transmitted all radiations between A 3880 and λ 3740, but absorbed all others, whilst with the third the absorption commenced at a 5050, increased rapidly to totality at HB, extended to A 4000, and then quickly decreased until at A 3727 the transparency was very nearly complete. In this screen the two chief nebular lines were faintly transmitted, but it was an easy matter to eliminate their action by employing a plate of suitable sensitiveness. Combining the first and third screens cut out HB, leaving only N, and N, effective.

Marked differences of the intensities of several areas, as shown on the various photographs obtained with different screens, are plainly seen on the reproductions accompanying Prof. Hartmann's paper. Evidently the radiation A 3727 is extraordinarily intense in all parts of the nebula, whilst in some parts it is almost the sole radiation, producing strong photographic images where the eye sees nothing. The nebula G.C. 1180 surrounding the star Orionis is scarcely visible on the N, and N, photograph, but it is a prominent feature on that obtained with the ultra-violet light, and is fairly bright on the HB plate.

This differential action suggests to Prof. Hartmann the presence of at least three gases in the Orion nebula, one of which emits the chief nebular radiations, the second hydrogen, and a third, which emits the radiation at A 3727 (Astrophysical Journal, No. 5, vol. xxi.).

PERIODICITY OF AEROLITE FALLS.-Among a number of interesting papers published by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada ("Selected Papers and Proceedings, 1904) we notice one by Mr. W. H. S. Monck in which the author suggests that aërolites, like meteors, effect a certain periodicity. He first shows that the months of May and June stand out prominently in his catalogue of aerolites as the two months of the year in which a greater proportion of known falls have taken place. The number per diem for these two months is 1-34, whilst for the rest of the year it is only 0-81.

In an argument supporting the suggested periodical relation between various aërolite falls, Mr. Monck cites instances in which (1) aërolites fell within one or two days of each other in the same year; (2) aërolites fell on almost the same date in two consecutive years; (3) aërolites fell on nearly the same date after an interval of two or three years; and the number of cases quoted seems to place the matter beyond one of chance coincidences. Further, an analysis of the catalogue dates and numbers indicates a marked tendency for series of falls to congregate about certain dates, and for these falls Mr. Monck tentatively deduces periodicities varying from seven to twenty years.

THE REALITY OF SUPPOSED CHANGES ON THE MOON'S SURFACE. In a paper published in the June number of the Bulletin de la Société astronomique de France M. Puiseux discusses at some length the various observations of alleged changes on the lunar surface under the influence of the solar radiation. Going back to the earliest observations of details, he carefully considers each authoritative report of suspected change up to the most recent observations of the reported increase of the diameter of Linné during lunar eclipses. Summing up all the evidence thus examined, M. Puiseux arrives at the conclusion that the case for real changes taking place on the surface of our satellite is not established. He believes that the change of sensitiveness of the retina when observing faint objects is sufficient to account for the changes visually observed, whilst the different conditions of exposure when photographing the eclipsed moon might easily introduce the changes suspected from the examination of photographs. THE CIRCUMZENITHAL APPARATUS.-A new circumzenithal apparatus, devised by MM. Nušl and Frič for the determination of latitude, &c., was briefly described in these columns for August 20, 1903. A full and illustrated description of the instrument, and of the various improvements suggested by experience in its use, is now given in the Bulletin International of the Académie des Sciences de François Joseph I. (Prague, 1904) by the inventors, together with a detailed account of the observations already made and the methods employed in reducing the same.

THE NEEDS OF OUR OLDEST UNIVERSITY.

THE following statement has been drawn up by those professors and heads of departments of the University of Oxford whose names are appended, each being responsible for the details of his own and allied subjects, but expressing also a general sympathy with the scheme as a whole. It indicates the cost at which, in their opinion, all important existing deficiencies (except those of law) may be met by a generous provision for research as well as for teaching.

To carry out the scheme here set forth would require a capital outlay of about 564,000l., and an annual income of about 93,000l.

A large proportion of the capital sum proposed for building the new laboratories, together with the whole sum proposed for the purchase of land near the museum, might be saved if the chemical and physical departments were moved from their present position. It is estimated that at a cost of about 50,000l. all existing or proposed departments in these branches of science could be accommodated, and space found for other proposed laboratories in the buildings thus set free. With the sums hereafter named, in addition to her present resources, Oxford could successfully meet every pressing need as well as those demands which it is believed will pour in from many parts of the Empire, from the United States, and from Germany.

The present occasion has been thought a favourable one for stating clearly the full cost which, in the opinion of those who have signed this document, would enable Oxford confidently and hopefully to face the great responsibilities which have been placed upon her. But whatever be the outcome, her professors and heads of departments gladly welcome the inspiring opportunity for research and for education which these new responsibilities will assuredly bring. They will cheerfully attempt to meet the coming needs, even with the present inadequate resources, but they consider it right to point out that their work will be done under the greatest fficulties and therefore inadequately.

The insufficient endowment of many university departments and the necessity for further equipment have been subjects of anxious consideration for many years, culminating in the Vice-Chancellor's letter of February 20, 1902, to heads of institutions and departments-published with the answers in the "Statement of the Needs of the University " (Oxford, 192). The estimates of expenditure given below have been argely based upon these published replies to a letter which was issued before our necessities became still more pressing in consequence of the will of Mr. Rhodes. Many additional needs not contemplated in the replies to the ViceChancellor have also come to light in the course of this inquiry, and are provided for in the following scheme. The Published statement of needs is itself introduced by the following sentence (p. 3): "It is hardly necessary to add that in dealing with prospective needs it is generally impossible to form even an approximate estimate of the new and everincreasing wants which the rapidly-growing requirements of our time may bring, and indeed in some instances (even since these statements were prepared) have already brought within view."

It has been assumed in the following statement that every important university chair, including all those to which the care of a department providing for one of the chief scientific subjects is attached, should be of the value of 900l. a year. In fixing this sum the traditions of the last Commission have been followed, but it is necessary to bear in mind that the growth of universities in the future and the competition between them may ultimately render such a sum insufficient to attract and retain the greatest workers and teachers. Under existing conditions we are convinced that it is adequate, but the university would require a large increase of income before she could provide for every important chair the stipend with which it is sometimes erroneously believed to be endowed.

Each new laboratory devoted to one of the principal branches of natural science has been estimated to cost 30.000l., exclusive of site. It is believed that this sum would provide fittings and sufficient apparatus to begin teaching and research on an adequate scale, allowance being made for the material now in the possession of the university. It has been assumed that every important laboratory, both new and old, should receive an income of 3000l. a year, for pro

fessor's stipend, demonstrators, assistants, apparatus, and material for research and for teaching, and the general expenses of maintenance.

With such an income a professor could encourage several of his most promising men to do original work, giving them employment in teaching or working for the department during a part of their time.

Attention to the large and insistent needs of the existing and proposed scientific departments has been accompanied by a generous provision for the necessities of other subjects, and especially by the suggested increase of the Bodleian income to 23,000l. a year-even then less than one-third of the annual sum supplied to the National Library.

We feel that it is not too much to claim that the annual output in research and teaching from the small inadequately endowed-often miserably endowed-departments of the university, justifies the confident conclusion that a liberal provision for existing and imminent needs would be followed by results of the highest importance to the Empire as well as to the university. The results would be threefold the advancement of learning, which is the highest and noblest function of a university; the adequate teaching of many subjects of the first importance, now imperfectly provided, or not provided at all; the inestimable benefits conferred upon students by living in an atmosphere of research.

H. B. Baker, F.R.S., Lee's reader in chemistry; Henry Balfour, curator of the Pitt-Rivers Museum; R. E. Baynes, Lee's reader in physics; T. K. Cheyne, Oriel professor of the interpretation of Holy Scripture; R. B. Clifton, F.R.S., professor of experimental philosophy S. R. Driver, Regius professor of Hebrew; F. Y. Edgeworth, professor of political economy; E. B. Elliott, F.R.S., Waynflete professor of pure mathematics; Robinson Ellis, Corpus professor of Latin literature; W. Esson, F.R.S., Savilian professor of geometry; Arthur J. Evans, F.R.S., keeper of the Ashmolean Museum; C. H. Firth, Regius professor of modern history; P. Gardner, Lincoln and Merton professor of archæology; Francis Gotch, F.R.S., Waynflete professor of physiology; H. Goudy, Regius professor of civil law; F. LI. Griffith, reader in Egyptology; W. Lock, Ireland professor of exegesis of Holy Scripture; A. E. H. Love, F.R.S., Sedleian professor of natural philosophy; R. W. Macan, university reader in ancient history; A. A. Macdonell, Boden professor of Sanskrit ; D. S. Margoliouth, Laudian professor of Arabic; Henry A. Miers, F.R.S., professor of mineralogy; W. R. Morfill, professor of Russian; A. S. Napier, Merton professor of English language and literature; E. W. B. Nicholson, Bodley's librarian; W. Odling, F.R.S., Waynflete professor of chemistry; R. L. Ottley, Regius professor of pastoral theology; H. F. Pelham, Camden professor of ancient history; E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., Hope professor of zoology; Arthur Sidgwick, university reader in Greek; W. A. Raleigh, professor of English literature; John Rhys, Jesus professor of Celtic; James Ritchie, reader in pathology; W. Sanday, Margaret professor of divinity; A. H. Sayce, professor of Assyriology ; Henry Sweet, university reader in phonetics; W. J. Sollas, F.R.S., professor of geology; John S. Townsend, F.R.S., Wykeham professor of physics; H. H. Turner, F.R.S., Savilian professor of astronomy; E. B. Tylor, F.R.S., professor of anthropology; Sydney H. Vines, F.R.S., Sherardian professor of botany; W. F. R. Weldon, F.R.S., Linacre professor of comparative anatomy; Joseph Wright, professor of comparative philology.

The late Regius professor of medicine, Sir John Burdon Sanderson, F.R.S., has expressed his approval.

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Bodleian Library.-Fire-proofing, additional additional reading-room, warming picture-gallery, electric lighting of camera (see also Central University Institution below, which it is suggested might liberate additional space for the Bodleian) (25,000l. :-); large increase of staff, filling up deficiencies in and maintaining special departments, printing the catalogue, binding (including arrears) (→ 13,000l.).

In this and all other cases the sum placed before the colon indicates capital outlay, that placed after the colon annual expenditure.

Central University Institution.-Containing workrooms and lecture-rooms for professors not otherwise provided for, university chest. delegates' rooms, committee rooms, &c.,

&c. The Clarendon building might be incorporated in Bodleian (cost, including site in a central position, 80,oool. :-); custody of same, warming, lighting, cleaning (— : 400l.) ; stipend of librarian for departmental libraries (—: 2001.). Examination Schools.-Installation of the electric light (1000l. :-).

Theology.-Oriel professor of interpretation of Holy Scripture, stipend (the chair to be detached from the canonry at Rochester) (-: 900l.); Dean Ireland's professor, increase of stipend (500l.); two additional professors, ecclesiastical history ( 900l.), Christian archæology (-: 600l.); four additional readers (300l. each), ecclesiastical history, liturgiology, Rabbinical Hebrew, Biblical archæology (-: 1200l.); Grinfield lecturer on Biblical Greek, increase of stipend, making the lectureship equal to a readership, with reader's duties (-; 2301.); [additional readers (not exclusively concerned with theology)-Aramaic, Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopic] (1200l.); travelling fellowships (2) (— : 400l.); capital fund from which payment might be made for occasional lectures (3000l. :-).

Greek, New Professor of Mediaeval and Modern Greek.-Stipend (900l.).

Classical Palaeography.-Stipends of new readers, Greek and Latin (300l. each) (-: 600l.).

New chairs of Pali and Persian philology and literature (700l. each) (-: 1400l.).

Reader in Prakrit Philology and Literature.-Stipend (-: 300l.); increased stipend of 100l. to each of the five teachers of Indian vernacular, and additional grant to Indian Institute for purchase and care of Indian antiquities, &c. (300l.) (--: Sool.).

Ashmolean Museum.-Extension of site, increase of museum, cases and fittings, including a numismatic department and space for growth of the departments mentioned below (30,000l. :-); increased staff both for the museum and common service of the Ashmolean museum and university picture-gallery, and stipend of librarian (-: 1000l.); post-graduate studentship in archæology, art, &c. (-: 1000l.); purchase of specimens, books, &c. (-: 1500l.).

Classical Archaeology.-Increased stipend of chair, three new readerships (— : 1500l.).

Increase required for creation of new chairs of Greek and Roman Epigraphy and Inscriptions (700l. each), Egyptology (700l.), Assyriology (700l.), History of Religions (700l.), Northern Archaeology (9ool.), History of Architecture (900l.) (-: 5300l.)

University Picture Gallery.-Extension of site, increase of gallery (10,000l. :-).

Slade Professor of Fine Art.-Increased stipend for resident chair, wages of attendant (-: 600l.); increase of stipends, purchases, &c. (— : 1000l.).

Pitt-Rivers Museum (Ethnology).-Increased space, building (8000l.), cases and fittings (4000l.), electric lighting (250l.), (12,250l. :-); increase of stipend, a professorship of anthropology might, at some future time, be combined with the curatorship (-700l.); assistants, service, general expenses and purchase of specimens (~: 700l.).

Astronomy, Savilian.-Building and apparatus (10,000l. : −); annual grant to make up a moderately efficient and well-equipped observatory with an income of 5000l. (— : 3500l.).

Increase required for creation of new chairs in scientific subjects and the building and new laboratories, &c. Under each chair the first-named sum represents capital expenditure for a new building, or for adapting an existing structure; the second sum represents the annual expenditure for the stipend of the chair, provision of demonstrators and assistants, the expenses of research and of service and maintenance :

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Engineering (30,000l.: 3000l.); Organic Chemistry (30,000l.: 300ol.); Physiological and Applied Botany (20,000l. 2000l.); Biochemistry (12,000l: 2000l.); Experimental Psychology (15,000l.: 2000l.); Pathology (-: 1500l., allowing for existing readership); Pharmacology and Materia Medica (15,000l.: 1500l., allowing for existing lectureship); State Medicine and Hygiene (10,000l. 2000l.). The Regius professorship of medicine might perhaps be combined with one of the suggested new chairs of medicine. Increase required for building new or adapting old laboratories and other capital expenditure, for existing chairs

in scientific subjects, &c., for increase of the stipend of the chairs, for additional demonstrators and assistants, and for the expenses of research and of service and maintenance. The capital expenditure is placed first, the annual second, under each chair:

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Experimental Philosophy, Clarendon.-Light and Sound (25,000l., to include provision for elementary students and for examinations: 2000l.); Electricity and Magnetism, Wykeham (30,000l. 2000l.); Heat, Lee's (30,000l.: 2000l., allowing for Lee's readership); Inorganic Chemistry, Waynflete (30,000l., old laboratory for extension of mineralogy, geology, and the Radcliffe library: 2200l.); Physical Chemistry. Lee's (30,000l. 2000l., allowing for Lee's readership); Mineralogy, Waynflete (15,000l.: 2200l., including an assistant chair of metallurgy); Geology (20,000l.: 3000l., including two assistant chairs); Comparative Anatomy, Linacre (-1000l.); Zoology, Hope (7000l., chiefly for cabinets (-: 2500l., including the maintenance of a tropical biological laboratory); Systematic Botany, Sherardian (: 1000l.); Animal Physiology, Waynflete (6000l.: 1000l.); Human Anatomy (: 1000l.).

Secretary of the Museum Delegates and of the Scientific Departments. Increase of staff for the general purposes of the museum and to enable the secretary to collect all fees of the scientific departments (— : 400l.).

Sites for Scientific Departments.-For purchase of land in the neighbourhood of the present museum (50,000l. :-). Geography.-Stipend of new chair (700l.); assistant lecturers (: 750l.).

University Chest.-Increased income to meet expenses in connection with additional buildings (-: 2000l.).

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Modern History.-New chairs of economic history, colonial history, and military history (9ool, each) (2700l.); "seminars," maintenance and equipment of (100l. for each of the chairs) (-: 500l.); Lectureships-additional payment of existing lecturers and appointment of new lecturers, class expenses (-: 1500l.).

Political Economy.-Increased stipend of chair (2001.), see also the new chair of economic history proposed under Modern History; lecturers in economic theory, in statistics and applied economics, and in economic geography (2001. each); expenditure on examinations, &c. (5ol.); secretary and clerk (150l.), (— : 1000l.).

English Language.-Two assistants in English language (-:600l.).

English Literature.-Increased stipend of chair (400l.); two assistant lecturers in English literature (150l. each); one reader in rhetoric and criticism (300l.) (—: 1000l.).

Modern Languages.-Increase of stipends of Taylorian teachers to 6ool. each (-: 1600l.); assistant lecturers (— : 1000l.).

New Chair of Phonetics.-Stipend (—: 900l.).
Total (546,250l. : 93,8801.).

PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ROYAL SCHOOL OF MINES.

TO THE MOST HONOURABLE THE MARQUESS OF LONDONDERRY, K.G., PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION. MY LORD MARQUESS,

We, the Departmental Committee appointed by Your Lordship in April last to inquire into the present and future working of the Royal College of Science (including the Royal School of Mines), and into questions connected therewith, have the honour to submit a Preliminary Report. I. In conducting the inquiry referred to us, we have held 17 meetings, at which we have examined 21 witnesses, the remainder of the time having been devoted to consideration of the information thus supplied to us. The evidence which we have received has been largely concerned with the history of the Royal College of Science (including the Royal School of Mines), with the character of the instruction now given therein, and with the possibility of attracting students more advanced in their education than the majority of those who now seek admission. On this branch of our inquiry we should be prepared to submit recommendations which we think would conduce

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