manded on the part of American Veterinary Schools, and insures that a student with a mind already trained to mental processes, will acquire much more in the same length of time than the untrained mind can possibly do.

THE COURSE LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE.

Chemistry.

In the Department of Chemistry, the Veterinary Student will take: 1. Course I in Inorganic Chemistry (page 148).

2. Course 20 in Organic Chemistry (page 151).

3. Course 41 in Toxicology (page 154).

4. Course 45 in Physiological Chemistry. Two hours. Winter and spring. Assistant Professor ORNDORFF.

Microscopy, Histology, and Embryology.

1. Microscope and microscopical methods. First half of fall term. Two hours. Two lectures, one quiz and 61⁄2 actual hours of laboratory work. This course forms the basis for all the subsequent work given by the department. It is also designed to give a knowledge of the theory and use of the microscope and its accessories which would be advantageous for the work of any department where the microscope is employed. M., W., 8. Professor GAGE, Assistant Professor KINGSBURY, Dr. CLAYPOLE and Mr. MERCER.

This course counts two university hours for the term, although the work must all be done in the first five weeks.

2. Vertebrate histology. Last half of fall term (3 hours) and the winter term (5 hours). Eight hours. Two lectures, one quiz and 61⁄2 actual hours of laboratory work. In this course are given the elements of the fine anatomy of the domestic animals and of man. It includes also methods of histologic investigation and demonstration. M., W., 8. Professor GAGE, Assistant Professor KINGSBURY, Dr. CLAYPOLE and Mr. MERCER.

This is a continuation of course I and is open only to those who have taken course 1, and have taken or are taking courses in anatomy and physiology.

3. Vertebrate Embryology. Spring term. Five hours. Two lectures, one quiz and 61⁄2 actual hours of laboratory work. This course deals with the elements and methods of embryology in man, the domestic animals and the amphibia. M., W., 8. Professor GAGE, Assistant Professor KINGSBURY, Dr. CLAYPOLE and Mr. MERCER. Course 3 is open only to those who have pursued courses I and 2. 4. Research in histology and embryology. Laboratory work with Seminary throughout the year. This course is designed for those preparing theses for the baccalaureate or advanced degrees and for those wishing to undertake special investigations in histology and embryology. Professor GAGE and Assistant Professor KINGSBURY. Course 4 is open only to those who have taken courses 1, 2 and

3, or their equivalent in some other University. Drawing (course I, in Mechanical Engineering, or its equivalent) and a reading knowledge of French and German are indispensable for the most successful work in this course.

Subjects for baccalaureate theses should be decided upon if possible during the spring term of the junior year so that material in suitable stages of development and physiologic activity may be prepared.

5. Structure and physiology of the cell. Fall term. Two hours. Laboratory work with lectures. This course in Cytology is designed for advanced students, and gives the fundamental facts and principles relating to cell structure and activity. It also serves to train students in the more exact and refined methods of histology. Assistant Professor KINGSBURY.

Course 5 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2 and 3 or their equivalent.

6. Microscopy, advanced. Spring term. Two hours. Laboratory work with lectures. In this course special instruction will be given in the theory and use of the more difficult and important acces sories of the microscope, e. g., the micro-spectroscope, micro-polariscope, the apertometer, the photo-micrographic camera and the projection microscope. Professor GAGE.

This course is open only to those who have taken courses 1, 2, and if photo-micrography is desired, an elementary knowledge of photography like that given in course 9, Department of Physics, is necessary.

Anatomy.

10. General and descriptive veterinary anatomy. Fall, winter and spring. Six hours. Two lectures, T., Th., 9; laboratory work: W., Th., F., P. M.; S., A. M. Dr. HOPKINS and Demonstrators. Descriptive veterinary anatomy. Fall and winter. One lecture, W., 9; laboratory work: Fall, 4 hours, W., Th., F., P. M. ; S., A. M., Winter, 8 hours, M., T., W., Th., F., P. M. ; S., A. M. Dr. HopKINS and Demonstrators.

II.

This course must be preceded by course 10.

12. Anatomical methods and gross anatomy. Fall term. Three hours. One lecture and laboratory work. S., 12. Dr. HOPKINS. 13. Advanced anatomy. Winter term. Three hours. One lecture and laboratory work. S., 12. Dr. HOPKINS.

Course 13 must be preceded by course 12 or its equivalent.

14. Human or Comparative Anatomy.

throughout the year. Dr. HOPKINS.

Laboratory work

This course is open to those who have had one or more of the preceding courses.

15. Research and thesis. Three hours throughout the year. Dr. HOPKINS.

In this course, reports of progress will be made from time to time before the college seminary.

Comparative Physiology.

It is the aim in this department to select from a wide field of interesting topics, those which will be of greatest use to the student, in preparation for a more complete understanding of normal functions, as distinguished from the pathological changes so frequently encountered in the practice of human and veterinary medicine.

The fact that it is essential to know the natural before undertaking the diagnosis of unnatural conditions is thoroughly emphasized.

The lectures are supplemented as fully as possible by diagrams, preparations and experiments.

In addition to the didactic instruction a course in the laboratory is provided, which is intended to supplement and extend the lecture courses. The laboratory of comparative physiology is located, for the present, upon the second floor of the main building (Plate II). It is well lighted and equipped with necessary reagents and apparatus, additions to which are made as needed. Students are rendered every assistance in the comprehension of the fundamental parts of their work without, however, losing. sight of the fact that careful observation and self-interpretation are most essential for a proper scientific training. Every encouragement is offered, to those properly fitted, to pursue their work beyond that given in the regular course. As a part of the equipment may be mentioned a kymograph, sphygmograph, induction coil and various batteries, a centrifuge and other apparatus for urinalysis.

To those intending to be teachers, as well as those contemplating the study of human or veterinary medicine, the course will be especially useful as it deals with experiments on the functional changes going on in the human and animal body, the exposition of which, is none the less important because, in many cases, of an elementary

nature.

20. The digestive functions, circulation, respiration and excretion. The work given in this course precedes quite logically that of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Lectures, one hour each week through the year. F., IO. Dr. FISH.

21. The functions of the muscular and nervous systems and reproduction are considered in this course, which is a direct continuation of course 1. Lectures, one hour each week through the fall and winter terms. W., IO. Dr. FISH.

22. Practical work in the laboratory. A large proportion of the work is devoted to the digestive system. Artificial digestive juices are tested upon the various kinds of food by the student and careful notes kept of the various changes. Those who can devote more than the required time are taught how to make the various digestive extracts. A course in urinalysis is also required in order that students may familiarize themselves with some of the more common but important processes occurring during health and disease. Experiments in blood pressure and upon the muscular and nervous systems will be carried on as time and opportunity permit. Fall term. Two hours. M., 2-5, W., 9-11. Dr. FISH and Assistants CLAYPOLE and VOSE.

23. Research and thesis. Three hours throughout the year with occasioual reports before the College Seminary. Dr. FISH.

Breeds and Breeding.

The courses in the College of Agriculture attended by veterinary students are as follows:

3. Breeds and Breeding (in part). The horse, breeds and breeding, feeding, education, care and driving. Fall term. Two hours. Professor ROBERTS.

10. Animal Industry. Principles of breeding, history and development, improvement and creation of dairy and beef breeds of cattle, principles of feeding, care, selection and management of dairy and beef cattle. Winter and spring terms. Two hours. Practice, one hour by appointment, for those electing it. Assistant Professor WING.

Pharmacology.

The term is employed in its comprehensive meaning to include not only the materials of medicine, but their preparation, use and physiological action. Allowing for certain exceptional differences, there is, in general, a great resemblance in the action of drugs in the lower animals and human beings. The efficiency of new drugs is commonly tested upon the lower forms before being applied to man. For a broad and enlightened human practice a medical course dealing with the treatment of lower animals offers a most advantageous preparation. The more important drugs and preparations as given in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia are studied, including the new ones which appear from time to time.

The clinics furnish abundant material for the use of medicines and the study of their actions.

The physiological changes in certain tissues resulting from the toxic