(a) becomes subject to any of the disabilities mentioned in the last preceding section; or

(b) ceases to be qualified as required by law; or

(c) fails for a whole ordinary session to attend without the special leave of the senate or the house of assembly, as the case may be;

his seat shall thereupon become vacant.

55. If any person who is by law incapable of sitting as a senator or member of the house of assembly shall, while so disqualified and knowing or having reasonable grounds for knowing that he is so disqualified, sit or vote as a member of the senate or the house of assembly, he shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred pounds for each day on which he shall so sit or vote, to be recovered on behalf of the treasury of the Union by action in any superior court of the Union.

56. Each senator and each member of the house of assembly shall, under such rules as shall be framed by parliament, receive an allowance of four hundred pounds a year, to be reckoned from the date on which he takes his seat provided that for every day of the session on which he is absent there shall be deducted from such allowance the sum of three pounds provided further that no such allowance shall be paid to a minister receiving a salary under the crown or to the president of the senate or the speaker of the house of assembly. A day of the session shall mean in respect of a member any day during a session on which the house of which he is a member or any committee of which he is a member meets.

57. The powers, privileges, and immunities of the senate and of the house of assembly and of the members and committees of each house shall, subject to the provisions of this act, be such as are declared by parliament, and until declared shall be those of the house of assembly of the Cape of Good Hope and of its members and committees at the establishment of the Union.

58. Each house of parliament may make rules and orders with respect to the order and conduct of its business and proceedings. Until such rules and orders shall have been made the rules and orders of the legislative council and house of assembly of the Cape of Good Hope at the establishment of the Union shall mutatis mutandis apply to the senate and house of assembly respectively. If a joint sitting of both houses of parliament is required under the provisions of this act, it shall be convened by the governor-general by message to both houses. At any such

joint sitting the speaker of the house of assembly shall preside and the rules of the house of assembly shall, as far as practicable, apply.

Powers of parliament.

59. Parliament shall have full power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Union.

60. (1) Bills appropriating revenue or moneys or imposing taxation shall originate only in the house of assembly. But a bill shall not be taken to appropriate revenue or moneys or to impose taxation by reason only of its containing provisions for the imposition or appropriation of fines or other pecuniary penalties.

(2) The senate may not amend any bills so far as they impose taxation or appropriate revenue or moneys for the services of the government.

(3) The senate may not amend any bill so as to increase any proposed charges or burden on the people.

61. Any bill which appropriates revenue or moneys for the ordinary annual services of the government shall deal only with such appropriation.

62. The house of assembly shall not originate or pass any vote, resolution, address, or bill for the appropriation of any part of the public revenue or of any tax or impost to any purpose unless such appropriation. has been recommended by message from the governor-general during the session in which such vote, resolution, address, or bill is proposed.

63. If the house of assembly passes any bill and the senate rejects or fails to pass it or passes it with amendments to which the house of asesmbly will not agree, and if the house of assembly in the next session again passes the bill with or without any amendments which have been made or agreed to by the senate and the senate rejects or fails to pass it or passes it with amendments to which the house of assembly will not agree, the governor-general may during that session convene a joint sitting of the members of the senate and house of assembly. The members present at any such joint sitting may deliberate and shall vote together upon the bill as last proposed by the house of assembly and upon amendments, if any, which have been made therein by one house. of parliament and not agreed to by the other; and any such amendments which are affirmed by a majority of the total number of members of the senate and house of assembly present at such sitting shall be taken to have been carried, and if the bill with the amendments, if any, is affirmed. by a majority of the members of the senate and house of assembly present

at such sitting, it shall be taken to have been duly passed by both houses of parliament: provided that, if the senate shall reject or fail to pass any bill dealing with the appropriation of revenue or moneys for the public service, such joint sitting may be convened during the same session in which the senate so rejects or fails to pass such bill.

64. When a bill is presented to the governor-general for the king's assent, he shall declare according to his discretion, but subject to the provisions of this act, and to such instructions as may from time to time be given in that behalf by the king, that he assents in the king's name, or that he withholds assent, or that he reserves the bill for the signification of the king's pleasure. All bills repealing or amending this section or any of the provisions of chapter IV., under the heading "house of asembly," and all bills abolishing provincial councils or abridging the powers conferred on provincial councils under section eighty-five, otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of that section, shall be so reserved. The governor-general may return to the house in which it originated any bill so presented to him, and may transmit therewith any amendments which he may recommend, and the house may deal with the recommendation.

65. The king may disallow any law within one year after it has been assented to by the governor-general, and such disallowance, on being made known by the governor-general by speech or message to each of the houses. of parliament or by proclamation shall annul the law from the day when. the disallowance is so made known.

66. A bill reserved for the king's pleasure shall not have any force unless and until, within one year from the day on which it was presented to the governor-general for the king's assent, the governor-general makes known by speech or message to each of the houses of parliament or by proclamation that it has received the king's assent.

67. As soon as may be after any law shall have been assented to in the king's name by the governor-general, or having been reserved for the king's pleasure shall have received his assent, the clerk of the house of assembly shall cause two fair copies of such law, one being in the English and the other in the Dutch language (one of which copies shall be signed by the governor-general), to be enrolled of record in the office of the registrar of the appellate division of the supreme court of South Africa; and such copies shall be conclusive evidence as to the provisions of every such law, and in case of conflict between the two copies thus deposited that signed by the governor-general shall prevail.

V. THE PROVINCES.

Administrators.

68. (1) In each province there shall be a chief executive officer appointed by the governor-general in council, who shall be styled the administrator of the province, and in whose name all executive acts relating to provincial affairs therein shall be done.

(2) In the appointment of the administrator of any province, the governor-general in council shall, as far as practicable, give preference to persons resident in such province.

(3) Such administrator shall hold office for a term of five years and shall not be removed before the expiration thereof except by the governorgeneral in council for cause assigned, which shall be communicated by message to both houses of parliament within one week after the removal, if parliament be then sitting, or, if parliament be not sitting, then within one week after the commencement of the next ensuing session.

(4) The governor-general in council may from time to time appoint a deputy administrator to execute the office and functions of the administrator duing his absence, illness, or other inability.

69. The salaries of the administrators shall be fixed and provided by parliament, and shall not be reduced during their respective terms of office.

Provincial councils.

70. (1) There shall be a provincial council in each province consisting of the same number of members as are elected in the province for the house of assembly: provided that, in any province whose representatives in the house of assembly shall be less than twenty-five in number, the provincial council shall consist of twenty-five members.

(2) Any person qualified to vote for the election of members of the provincial council shall be qualified to be a member of such council.

71. (1) The members of the provincial council shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for the election of members of the house of assembly in the province voting in the same electoral divisions as are delimited for the election of members of the house of assembly: provided that, in any province in which less than twenty-five members are elected to the house of assembly, the delimitation of the electoral divisions, and any necessary re-allocation of members or adjustment of electoral divisions, shall be effected by the same commission and on the same principles as are prescribed in regard to the electoral divisions for the house of assembly.

(2) Any alteration in the number of members of the provincial council and any re-division of the province into electoral divisions, shall come into operation at the next general election for such council held after the completion of such re-division, or of any allocation consequent upon such alteration, and not earlier.

(3) The elections shall take place at such times as the administrator shall by proclamation direct, and the provisions of section thirty-seven applicable to the election of members of the house of assembly shall mutatis mutandis apply to such elections.

72. The provisions of sections fifty-three, fifty-four and fifty-five, relative to members of the house of assembly, shall mutatis mutandis apply to members of the provincial councils: provided that any member of a provincial council who shall become a member of either house of parliament shall thereupon cease to be a member of such provincial council.

73. Each provincial council shall continue for three years from the date of its first meeting, and shall not be subject to dissolution save by effluxion of time.

74. The administrator of each province shall by proclamation fix such times for holding the sessions of the provincial council as he may think fit, and may from time to time prorogue such council: provided that there shall be a session of every provincial council once at least in every year, so that a period of twelve months shall not intervene between the last sitting of the council in one session and its first sitting in the next session.

75. The provincial council shall elect from among its members a chairman, and may make rules for the conduct of its proceedings. Such rules shall be transmitted by the administrator to the governor-general, and shall have full force and effect unless and until the governor-general in council shall express his disapproval thereof in writing addressed to the administrator.

76. The members of the provincial council shall receive such allowances as shall be determined by the governor-general in council.

77. There shall be freedom of speech in the provincial council, and no member shall be liable to any action or proceeding in any court by reason of his speech or vote in such council.

Executive committees.

78. (1) Each provincial council shall at its first meeting after any general election elect from among its members, or otherwise, four persons to form with the administrator, who shall be chairman, an executive