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ART. 9. There are also excepted from the provisions of Art. 8:

1) titular professors of chairs which are filled by competition or upon the nomination of the bodies where the vacancy occurs;

2) persons who have been charged with a temporary mission. All missions continuing more than six months cease to be temporary and are governed by Art. 8.

ART. IO. The officer preserves the rights which he has acquired to a retiring pension, and may, after the expiration of his term of office, be restored to active service.

The civil officer who, having had twenty years of service at the date of the acceptance of the office of deputy, shall be fifty years of age at the time of the expiration of this term of office, may establish his rights to an exceptional retiring pension.

This pension shall be regulated according to the third paragraph of Art. 12 of the law of June 9, 1853.

If the officer is restored to active service after the expiration of his term of office, the provisions of Art. 3, paragraph 2, and Art. 28 of the law of June 9, 1853, shall apply to him.

In duties where the rank is distinct from the employment, the officer, by the acceptance of the office of deputy, loses the employment and preserves the rank only.

ART. II. Every deputy appointed or promoted to a salaried public position shall cease to belong to the Chamber by the very fact of his acceptance; but he may be re-elected, if the office which he occupies is compatible with the office of deputy.

Deputies who become ministers or under-secretaries of state shall not be required to seek re-election.

ART. 12. The following officers shall not be elected by the arrondissement or the colony included wholly or partially in their jurisdiction, during the exercise of their duties or for six months following the cessation of their duties, because of

resignation, dismissal, change of residence, or any other

cause:

1) The first-presidents, presidents, and members of the Courts of Appeal.

2) The presidents, vice-presidents, titular judges, examining magistrates, members of the tribunals of first instance, [and justices of the peace in active service].1

3) The prefect of police; the prefects and secretariesgeneral of the prefectures; the governors, directors of the interior, and secretaries-general of the colonies.

4) The engineers in chief and of the arrondissement, and road surveyors in chief and of the arrondissement.

5) The rectors and inspectors of academies.

6) The inspectors of primary schools.

7) The archbishops, bishops, and vicars-general.

8) The general paymasters and special receivers of money. 9) The superintendents of direct and indirect taxes, of registration, of public property, and of posts.

10) The commissioners and inspectors of forests.

The subprefects [and councilors of the prefecture] shall not be elected in any of the arrondissements of the department in which they perform their duties.

ART. 13. Every attempt to bind deputies by instructions is null and void.

ART. 14. Members of the Chamber of Deputies shall be elected by single districts. Each administrative arrondissement shall elect one deputy. Arrondissements having more than 100,000 inhabitants shall elect one deputy in addition for every additional 100,000 inhabitants or fraction of 100,000. Arrondissements, in such cases, shall be divided into districts '

'Justices of the peace and councilors of the prefecture were rendered ineligible by law of March 30, 1902.

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Justices of the peace and councilors of the prefecture are made ineligible by law of March 30, 1902.

whose boundaries shall be established by law and may be changed only by law."

ART. 15. Deputies shall be chosen for four years.

The Chamber shall be renewed integrally.

ART. 16. In case of vacancy by death, resignation, or otherwise, a new election shall be held within three months of the date when the vacancy occurred.

In case of option, the vacancy shall be filled within one month.

ART. 17. The legislative indemnity is fixed at fifteen thousand (15,000) francs per year, beginning with the first of January, 1907. It is regulated by the second paragraph of Art. 96 and by Art. 97 of the law of March 15, 1849, as well as by the provisions of the law of February 16, 1872.

ART. 18. No one shall be elected on the first ballot unless he receives:

1) an absolute majority of the votes cast;

2) a number of votes equal to one-fourth of the number of voters registered.

On the second ballot a plurality is sufficient. In case of an equality of votes, the oldest is elected.

ART. 19. Each department of Algeria shall elect one deputy.9

ART. 20. The voters living in Algeria in a place not yet made a commune, shall be registered on the electoral list of the nearest commune.

When it is necessary to establish electoral districts, either for the purpose of grouping mixed communes in each of which 6 By law of June 16, 1885, the scrutin de liste was introduced, but the law of February 13, 1889, re-established the system of single districts. See pp. 316, 318.

I. e., when a deputy has been elected from two or more districts, and decides which one he will serve.

As altered by law of November 23, 1906; before the passage of this law deputies and senators received nine thousand francs per year.

'Changed by law of February 13, 1889; see p. 318.

the number of voters is insufficient, or to bring together voters living in places not formed into communes, the decrees for fixing the seat of these districts shall be issued by the governorgeneral, upon the report of the prefect or of the general commanding the division.

ART. 21. The four colonies to which senators have been assigned by the law of February 24, 1875, on the organization of the Senate, shall choose one deputy each.10

ART. 22. Every violation of the prohibitive provisions of Art. 3, paragraph 3, of the present law shall be punished by a fine of from sixteen francs to three hundred francs. Nevertheless the criminal courts may apply Art. 463 of the Penal Code.

The provisions of Art. 6 of the law of July 7, 1874, shall apply to the political electoral lists.

The decree of January 29, 1871, and the laws of April 10, 1871, May 2, 1871, and of February 18, 1873, are repealed.

Paragraph II of Art. 15 of the organic decree of February 2, 1852, is also repealed, in so far as it refers to the law of May 21, 1836, on lotteries, reserving, however, to the courts the right to apply Art. 42 of the Penal Code to convicted persons.

The provisions of the laws and decrees now in force, not in conflict with the present law, shall continue to be applied.

ART. 23. The provision of Art. 12 of the present law by which an interval of six months must elapse between the cessation of duties and election, shall not apply to officials other than prefects and subprefects, whose duties shall have ceased either before the promulgation of the present law or within twenty days thereafter.

10 Changed by law of February 13, 1889; see p. 318.

LAW RELATING TO THE SEAT OF THE EXECUTIVE POWER AND OF THE TWO

CHAMBERS AT PARIS

(July 22, 1879)

ARTICLE I. The seat of the executive power and of the two chambers is at Paris.

ART. 2. The palace of the Luxemburg and the PalaisBourbon are assigned, the first to the use of the Senate, and the second to that of the Chamber of Deputies.

Nevertheless each of the chambers is authorized to choose, in the city of Paris, the palace which it wishes to occupy. ART. 3. The various parts of the palace of Versailles now occupied by the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies shall preserve their arrangements.

Whenever, according to Arts. 7 and 8 of the law of February 25, 1875, on the organization of the public powers, a meeting of the National Assembly takes place, it shall sit at Versailles, in the present hall of the Chamber of Deputies.

Whenever, according to Art. 9 of the law of February 24, 1875, on the organization of the Senate, and Art. 12 of the constitutional law of July 16, 1875, on the relations of the public powers, the Senate shall be called upon to constitute itself a court of justice, it shall indicate the town and place where it proposes to sit.

ART. 4. The Senate and Chamber of Deputies shall sit at Paris on and after November 3 next.

ART. 5. The presidents of the Senate and of the Chamber of Deputies are charged with the duty of securing the external and internal safety of the chambers over which they preside.

For this purpose they shall have the right to call upon the armed forces and upon authorities whose assistance they consider necessary.

Such requisitions may be addressed directly to all officers,

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