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independence, and the exertion of their rights, cannot be more årdent or more ftrongly expreffed. Their motto of union is the fame with that of your nation-Liberty: a Republic. What a fortunate omen for the fulfilment of a wifh fo dear to our hearts! It is doubtlefs the duty of the Cifalpine government, on its first beginning, to make known to the brave Batavian nation, the commencement of a period which must ever be recorded in the annals of history; to that nation, which, from the fimilarity of its fituation, has the fame enemies to oppofe and conquer. The mutual interefts of the two republics cannot but unite them, and induce them mutually to support each other. The Cifalpine people, rendered free by the power and generous fupport of the French republic, our ally and friend, has opened new channels for the reciprocal trade and activity of the three nations, and will fhortly become the firmeft bulwark of general freedom and happinefs. Let us haften, therefore, to connect ourfelves together by the bands of the ftricteft friendship; bands which must be indiffoluble between two nations, which fo cordially love and esteem each other. It is impoffible that a nation which has once tafted the fweets of liberty, fhould willingly put on again the chains of flavery. The uniformity of our fentiments, our confidence in each other, and our ardent wifh for the general happiness, are reciprocal bands by which we are connected. The fame fentiments are a pledge of the heartfelt fatisfaction I perfonally feel on this occafion, and the delight I feel in the fulfilment of my duty, in communicating to you the joyful intelligence, that the independence of the Cifalpine republic is acknowledged, and that the Directory began to enter on its functions on the 11th of Meffidor. The members of it are the Citizens Giovanni, Galeazze Serbelloni, Pietro Mofcati, Giovanni Paridifi, Marco Alaffandri, and Giovanni Constabili Contadini. Receive then, with the fame fentiments with which it is tranfmitted, this first proof of friendship and alliance which the Directory, through me, confiders as a duty and a pleasure to communicate on the part of the Cifalpine people. The fentiments which I have had the honour to exprefs, I feel with the warmest fraternal cfteem. Permit me to add the fincere with of my nation for your individual happiness and welfare; and to affure you of the efteem which I fhall ever feel towards you. Health and fraternity!

(Signed)

CHARLES TESTI,
The minifter for foreign affairs.

Extract

Extract of a Letter from Citizen Noel, Minifter Plenipotentiary of the French Republic to the Batavian Republic, addreffed to the Minifter General of Police, and dated Hague, September 2.

LEARNT a very fingular thing from Marfhal Broglio, and which was confirmed to me afterwards, at Brunswick, by above twenty different perfons of credibility, viz. that Louis XVIII. had fent to Gotha for his field equipage, and that every exertion was making to prepare it. The Marthal thinks that the King's hopes were never better founded. He believes that he will be recalled. You have no idea of the language of the emigrants at Brunswick. There are fo many, that I am fure Louis XVIII. carries on a correfpondence in France, and that it is neceffary to watch carefully.

Auguft 28.-I ought to tell you, that the intrigues I fee carrying on here give me much uneafinefs; there is not fufficient attention paid to them. Many people are led to believe that Louis XVIII. has a strong party in the Council of Five Hundred, and that he will speedily be recalled through their means. The major of Mirabeau's corps, M. Juguier, concerning whom I spoke to you about four months ago, and of whom I alfo gave notice to Caillard, has at length obtained paffports. I believe they came from the manufactory of the Count de Harcourt and Colonel Donn, at Bremen, upon which I gave you a note. He is at Paris, and has written several letters to Mad. de Nadaillac here, and alfo to the Count d'Efcars and St. Maixant, in which he draws a picture of Paris, of the Directory, and of the Councils, which contributes very much to elevate the hopes of the emigrants and of the priefts. Nadaillac fent the letters to Madame Reitze, and they were read to the King; they were fhown to me, and the Abbé de exhibits them like relics.-This has a great effect upon the counter-revolutionifts, except Haugwitz, who only fhrugs his fhoulders at them. The Prince of Heffe Caffel, to whom a. copy was shown at Pyrmont, faid, that it was written by fome rafcally emigrant, who deferved the baftinado. It would be well if the police at Paris would watch thefe gentlemen who arrive a little more clofely. They are paid by the English to go and intrigue at Paris. I know that Madame Nefbeth is gone into Switzerland to feek for perfons to fend into Paris. She asked me for addreffes and defcriptions for that purpose at Pyrmont. By the way in which the proceeds, there is money to be made with her. Since the minifters Caillard and d'Anadice have heard of the peace with Portugal, Anadice predicts that the first courier will bring an account of a peace with England; but from what I hear from the Bishop of Derry, Mrs. Nefbeth, Lord Elgin, and others, I entertain no fuch hopes: I am convinced that the VOL. VII. negotia

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negotiation is only a farce. Upon that fubject I have fome proofs, which I fhould have wifhed to communicate verbally to you, if they would have fuffered me to come.

The English do not want an immediate peace; they look with too much certainty for the fpeedy diffolution of the French government, and are making great sacrifices for that object.

HIS

Manifefe of the Governor of Turin, Sept. 20, 1798.

IS Majefty, defiring nothing fo much as the maintenance of public peace and tranquillity, has taken all the measures and precautions judged expedient for that purpofe, and has charged us, at the fame time, to announce, by a manifefto, to all the inhabitants of this capital, its fuburbs and territory, that they muft pofitively abftain from all provocation or infult whatever, which might tend to difturb the public tranquillity; to invite all good and faithful citizens not to frequent any of those places where they might be exposed to the like; and particularly, not to give ear to the reports which evil-defigning men, fome of whom abufe the national cockade, propagate, for the purpose of alarming the public mind. His Majefty expects alfo from the loyalty of the French government, that it will contribute to maintain and confirm, more and more, the good harmony which ought to fubfift between the two allied governments.

Admiral Morard de Galles to the Citizens compofing the naval Army. Breft, 26 Fructidor (September 12, 1797).

IN tranfmitting to you, upon the 24th, the proclamation of the Executive Directory to the citizens of Paris, and, the following day, that to all France, I infpired your republican hearts with joy on the affurance that liberty had triumphed over the fatellites of royalty, who had flattered them felves with the hopes of restoring your chains. Now, citizens, I take the earliest opportunity to acquaint you with the details which have officially been tranfmitted to me relative to this great event, which will restore the republic to all its fplendour, and give to its children peace and happinefs. Thefe details will inform you, that if hitherto the paternal folicitude of the government has vainly exerted itfelf to meliorate your fituation; if, in fpite of its inceffant application to the legiflative body to obtain funds neceffary for the payment of your falaries and the comfort of your families, you remained naked and deftitute, it was becaufe the royalift confpirators who'

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fat in the legislative body had laboured induftriously to dry up the fources of the public treafury, in order to difcourage the republican armies by the excefs of their fufferings, and to render the republic odious. Now, citizens, thefe wretches are, under the avenging fword of the laws which they have outraged. They are difabled from confummating their horrible confpiracies; and the first exertions of the government, after having difconcerted their designs, have been directed to the land and naval force. Already measures have been taken by it for the payment of your arrear, and the improvement of your fituation. Be calm and firm at your pofts, as your brethren of the immortal armies have been on the news of this memorable event; and be affured that your chiefs, always emulous to give you the example of patriotifm and devotion to the cause of liberty, will not lofe fight of the fuccefs of the republicans, in order to make you participate with the whole nation in the advantages which this triumph over our enemies will procure.

(Signed)

MORAND DE GALLES.

Addrefs to General Augereau, Commander in Chief of the Armies of the Sambre and the Meufe, and Rhine and Mofelle, to the Troops compofing thofe Armies.

IF

Fellow-Soldiers,

F Death were to choose her own victims, guilt alone would be banished from the world; but he ftrikes without diftinction an Achilles and a Therfites, a hero and the child of vice and of effeminacy. His fcythe cuts down indifferently every thing that prefents itself to his blow. Vice and virtue, it is all one. Cato, unable to furvive the liberty of his country, tore out his own bowels, and on his fmoking corpfe, Cæfar reared a throne. Hoche died in the flower of his age, and in the height of his glory, and Pichegru outlived his crimes. Such are the decrees cf blind destiny. Soldiers, drop a tear on the bier of the hero, and let a cry of indignation anathematise the traitor! Long deceived, often neglected, fometimes betrayed, what force of arm, what sentiment of glory, what robuft patriotism and courageous conftancy, did you not require to refift at once confpiracies, fufferings, in ternal difguft, and the efforts of Austria from without? Doubtless, it is when, with pure intentions and tried republicanism, a chief is appointed to the command of men like you, that victory is rendered fubject to his will. Penetrated with this truth, my fellow-foldiers, it is, that I have not hesitated to accept the vast charge which the government has impofed upon me in placing me at your head. I know the extent of the charge, and I am not difmayed; is not this a fufficient declaration of the esteem

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in which I hold you? Soldiers, the chiefs of the royalist confpiracy no longer fit in the fenate, and the cabinet of Vienna no longer has auxiliaries in the Luxembourg. The Executive Directory, long placed by the confpirators in the cruel impoffibility of putting a period to your fufferings, is now feconded by the reprefentatives of the people who remained faithful to the people. The eyes of the government are open to you and to your wants. Its power is far from keeping pace with its paternal intentions. Nevertheless, your fufferings fhall be mitigated. It is in order to accelerate the attainment of this object that I remain at Paris. I fhall very fpeedily follow this addrefs, which I fend you. I fhall bring funds along with me; clothing and fuel fhall be provided before the rigour of winter. Every part of the administration fhall be purified, and reduced to regularity; and henceforth nothing but unforeseen events can interrupt, and that only for a moment, the difcharge of your pay, and condemn you to wants which it fhall be my chief care to abridge. Every moment of my life, all my faculties, my whole exiftence, fellowfoldiers, thall be confecrated to your fervice. But, in proportion as you ought to expect every thing from my devotion to your caufe, I am entitled to require from you a difcipline, not trifling in its details, nor degrading, but juft, fevere, inflexible, and completely republican. Patriotifm and courage are virtues which it is cafy for you to practife. If, however, there are men among you to whom it is painful to exercise them, let them quit their ranks, let them withdraw. These enemies of liberty ought to have no fhare in the glory of her children. Soldiers, let your bravery catch fire from the facred love of your country, and let the rife of your glowing energy ftrike terror into your enemies beyond the Rhine, and infpire with difmay thofe whom you leave behind that river. The Emperor, it is faid, is railing levies. Poor wretches, torn from the plough, and trained by violence, are coming to fwell the number of his fatellites. Vain precaution! France, restored to the vigour of republican inftitutions, is at this moment one entire army, of which we are only the advanced guard. In a word, if our enemies remain obftinate; if, rejecting the pacific offers of our government, they ftill wifh for blood, why then let them be fatisfied. They are only fo extenfive in their demands, because we were fo generous, and let it one day be asked, if the people of Vienna ever had mafters ?

(Signed)

AUGEREAU.

Proclamation

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