worthless to the serious student. At the same time he does not pretend to have done more than scratch the surface of many a vital problem. Each of the separate subjects, for instance, enumerated in the chapter on the Distribution of Legislative Power opens a long vista of legal decisions: these the author has been compelled to avoid. As for the historical chapters in Part I., the author believes that a study of the development of Union in Canada and Australia is particularly necessary in South Africa at this moment, and he knows by experience how difficult it is to obtain a clear account of that development. In the case of the United States there is no such difficulty. In this connection the author wishes to acknowledge his debt to Messrs. Quick and Garran. Chapter II. of Part I. is based almost entirely upon their historical introduction to the Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth. That invaluable work has been throughout of the greatest assistance to the author, who would like to pay a sincere tribute of admiration to the ability and research of its joint authors. No attempt has been made to discuss or illustrate the working of the Australian Constitution: the material for such an attempt. has not yet been published in a collected form, and lack of time has made it impossible for the author to undertake the necessary research... Finally, the author may perhaps be allowed to say that he has scrupulously tried to avoid any expression of personal opinion while deliberately preferring to rely in almost every case on quotation; and to plead in extenuation of both obvious defects and latent errors that it has been necessary to bring out this book in a very short time and under the stress of a great pressure of other work. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. CHAP. I. THE CREATION OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA Canada in 1863, pp. 1-2. The Quebec Act, p. 2. The Constitutional Act, 1791, p. 3. Political Disputes, pp. 4-8. Lord Durham's Report, pp. 9-11. Period before Union, First Steps towards Union, pp. 17-19. The Quebec Conference, pp. 20-23. Action on the Quebec Resolutions, pp. 24-26. The B.N.A. Act, 1867, pp. 27–29. CHAP. II. THE GROWTH OF THE AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH.. Imperial Initiative, pp. 30-31. Beginnings of the Australian Movement, pp. 32-35. The Federal Council, pp. 36-37. Convention of 1891, pp. 38-45. Popular Movement, pp. 46-47. Convention of 1897-1898, pp. 48-61. First Referendum, pp. 61-62. Second Referendum, pp. 63-64. CHAP. III. THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE Appointment, Canada, p. 82. Power of Pardon, Canada, p. 2. Executive Powers, Canada, pp. 84-85. Appointment and Executive Powers, Australia, pp. 86-87. Legislative 30-66 67-81 82-91 Number of Members, pp. 99-101. Qualification of Electors, pp. 101-102. Qualification of Members, p. 103. V. BOTH HOUSES OF THE CENTRAL LEGISLATURE Powers, Privileges, and Immunities, pp. 104-106. Money pretend to have done : vital problem. Each enumerated in the chap opens a long vista of 1 compelled to avoid. As for the historical c a study of the develop particularly necessary i knows by experience ho that development. In such difficulty. In this ledge his debt to Messrs is based almost entirely Annotated Constitution invaluable work has bee the author, who would. to the ability and resear No attempt has been of the Australian Const has not yet been pul has made it impossible research... Finally, the author scrupulously tried to while deliberately pre quotation; and to pl and latent errors that i' in a very short time other work. THE RAME-WORK OF UNION PART I. UNION IN CANADA, AUSTRALIA AND GERMANY. CHAPTER I. THE CREATION OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA. year 1763 saw in the Peace of Paris the treaty which conthe victory of Great Britain over France in North America. 10th October, 1864-just over a century later-there met at c that convention of delegates from Upper and Lower Canada, Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundwhose work was the creation of the Dominion of Canada. sful as was the work of that Convention-rapid as was the plishment of the task of creating the Dominion-that success at rapidity can be accounted for only by some description of →velopment of the States of Canada during the preceding y. The Dominion Constitution is not the mushroom growth ight its roots go deep into the history of the land: it is in way a native, long matured and sturdy growth. e whole population of Canada when she came under the British Flag" Canada in 1863. . Mr. C. G. D. Roberts in his "History of Canada ")" was about nousand. This hardy handful was gathered chiefly at Quebec, Three and Montreal. The rest tailed thinly along the shores of the St. Lawrence Le Richelieu. The lands about the Great Lakes, and the western ✓, were held only by a few scattered forts, buried here and there in en wilderness. At Detroit had sprung up a scanty settlement of , one thousand souls. . . . Quebec had seven thousand inhabitants. 1 them dwelt between the water's edge and the foot of the great cliff op was crowned by the citadel. Where the shoulder of the promontory round towards the St. Charles, the slope became more gentle, and e houses and streets began to clamber towards the summit. the city was within walls, part without. Most of the houses were -storey buildings, with large expanse of steep roof and high dormer Along the incline leading down to the St. Charles stretched popuirbs. On the high plateau where now lies the stately New Town, s then but a bleak pasture land whose grasses waved against the B |