An ARNO PRESS book published in cooperation with
MCGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY
London Sydney

New York Toronto London

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

ARNO PRESS, INC.

Library of Congress Catalog Card #67-29422

974.4
B22-2

CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME,

CHAPTER I.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

1769-1889.

The Three Great Branches, Grass, Grain, and Fruit-The Age of Grass

--Pre-American Farming-Processes and Products-Exhaustion of

Soil--Farming and Machinery--Irrigation-Artesian Wells--Ripa-

rian Rights-Droughts-Floods-Pests-Climates and Soils--Tem-

perature and Rainfalls-Configurations as Affecting Agriculture...

CHAPTER II.

PAGE

CEREALS AND OTHER PRODUCTS.

1848-1889.

Leading Staples-Wheat and Barley-Oats and Corn-Yield-Effect of

Irrigation-Rice-Conditions of Culture--Quality-Vegetables-

Cotton-Flax-The Silkworm Excitement-Effect of Legislation

on Sericulture-Fiasco in Tobacco-Mustard--Sugar..

CHAPTER III.

24

FRUIT-GROWING AND GRAPES.

1769-1889.

Ceres and Pomona-Italy Excelled-Comparative Yield-Fruit Season

and Flavor-Products and Pests-Drying and Canning-Shipping

--Farm Orchards-Apples-Citrus Fruits-The Orange-Pears—

Cost of Cultivation-Scale Infliction Figs-Almonds and Other

Nuts The Olive-Berries-The Grape-Wine-making-Raisins--

Flowers and Forest Trees......

38

(v)

CHAPTER IV.

LIVESTOCK.

1769-1889.

Pasture Cultivation-Eastern Grass and Alfalfa-Early Stock-raising-

Cattle and Sheep-Notable Ranges-Milk and Cheese-Horses-

Improvement of Breeds-Mules and Oxen-Wool-growing-Goats-

Swine-Poultry-The Honey Bee-Agricultural Societies-Patrons

of Husbandry-The Grange System-Farmers' Protective Union

League....

PAGE

52

CHAPTER V.

MANUFACTURES.

1848-1889.

Mission Work-Agricultural and Mining Manufactures-High Wages

-Iron and Lead Works-Lumber and Leather-Pottery and

Paper-Conditions and Climate-Material-Forest Trees-Saw-

mills-Charcoal-Planing-mills-Ship-building-Dry-dock-Wagons

-Cooperage and Box-making-Willow-ware-Brooms-Furniture

--Billiard Tables-Pianos-Fish-curing - Whaling-Oysters-Flour

—Confectionery-Beer - Spirits—Fruit-canning — Meat-packing –

Sugar and Tobacco-Wool, Cotton, and Silk-Clothing-Leather—

Miscellaneous Articles-Soap-Iron-Jewelry-Glass and Clay

Works-Soda-Powder...

-

68

CHAPTER VI.

FOREIGN COMMERCE.

1848-1889.

Early Trading Vessels-Effect of Gold Discovery-Fluctuations in

Prices-At the Mines-Folly of Eastern Shippers-First to Arrive

-Influx of Vessels-Alternate Scarcity and Plethora of Merchan-

dise-Revival of Mining-Wages and Prices-Imports and Exports

-Social Influence and Trade Revolutions-Treasure Export---Trade

Channels-Abandoned Vessels of the Argonauts--Advent of Clipper

Ships-Ocean Steamers-Later Developments.........

102

Coastwise Commerce-In the Bay-On the Sacramento-Pioneer Steam-

boats-Heads of Navigation-California Steam Navigation Com-

pany-Coast Lines-Shipwrecks, Collisions, and Explosions-Coast

and River Surveys-Harbor Improvements-Lighthouses-Custom

House Affairs-Revenue Districts and Collectors-Roads, Ferries,

and Bridges-Overland and Interior Postal Service-The Express

Business-Stage Lines-Pack-trains-Telegraph Lines............ 130

CHAPTER VIII.

BUSINESS METHODS AND CHARACTERISTICS.

1848-1888.

Channels of Trade-Auction Houses-Business Organizations-Insur-

ance-Banking-Disasters and Revivals-Savings Institutions-Gold

Dust and Assay Offices-Private Coinage-Variations in Values—

The Mint-Speculative Spirit of the Flush Times-Interior Trade-

Credit System-Commercial Catastrophes and Failures-Express

and Banking Houses-Adams and Company Failure-Mining Stock

Gambling-Its Power and Influence-Its Fall and Attendant Disas-

ters - Biography...

157

CHAPTER IX.

CRIMINAL AND JUDICIAL.

1849-1879.

Creation of Courts-Their Powers and Position-Legislators, Lawyers,

Judges, and Governors, the Enemies of the People and the Friends

of Criminals-Early Judges-And yet there have been Honest men

on the Bench-Weak and Unprincipled Governors-California

the Murderers' Paradise-The Noble Profession of Highwayman-

California Banditti-Judges who should have been Hanged-Pros-

titution of the Pardoning Power.......

CHAPTER X.

191

THE JUDICIARY.

1850-1872.

The First Supreme Court-Personnel of the Judges-lnfluence on

Opinion-Evils of an Elective Judiciary-Character of Cases to be