mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering; forbearing one another and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any: even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye. And above all things, put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness.' So will the good providence of God protect and bless you during the course of this mortal life, and at the last day you will be owned for true disciples of the kind and merciful Jesus: to whom with Thee, O Father, and the Holy Ghost be all glory'.

JOURNAL IN ITALY

IN JANUARY, MAY, JUNE, AND SEPTEMBER,

1717; ALSO IN APRIL, 1718

First published in 1871

EDITOR'S PREFACE

ΤΟ

THE JOURNAL IN ITALY

NEXT to the juvenile Commonplace Book, this Journal of Berkeley's life in Italy, during his second visit to that country, contained in four small manuscript volumes, is the most important of the Berkeley MSS. that were first published in 1871, in my former edition of the Works. It contains a daily record of his movements in 1717, during most of January, and parts of May, June, and September; also on some days of April, 1718. He had left England for Italy in November, 1716, in company with young Ashe, his pupil, son of the Bishop of Clogher. The travellers seem to have reached Rome about the end of that year. The Journal begins on January 7, 1717, and records their sight-seeing in Rome during eighteen following days (pp. 225-48). The story is resumed in another volume, on May 5, when they were about to leave Naples for a tour in little frequented parts of Calabria, which lasted till June 9, when they returned to Naples. Of this excursion we have here the daily record. Memoranda of the road from Rome to Naples, undated, are recorded in another volume, followed by notes relating to the romantic Island of Ischia or Inarime, where, as he mentions in a letter to Pope which I have introduced, they passed 'three or four months' of that summer, and where, it seems by the Journal, they still were in September. The record of a three days' journey on the road from Naples to Rome in April, 1718, completes what has been preserved

of Berkeley's Italian Journal. The latest date is April 13, 1718, when the travellers returned to Rome from Naples. We have got only fragments. The manuscript volumes which have disappeared might have informed us of the daily proceedings of the travellers in other months of 1717 and 1718, and in 1719, which is a total blank; also in 1720, when they returned through France to London in the end of the year. The missing volumes, including memoranda of Berkeley's reported tour in Sicily, as it seems in 1718-19, have perhaps shared the fate of the Second Part of the Principles, which was lost at sea.

The volumes which remain seem to have been Berkeley's travelling companions, partly written in his carriage; for sometimes the record is in pencil, yet not illegible. The Journal is kept on the right-hand pages; the left are reserved for quotations and occasional notes, which when here printed appear within brackets, with M (Marginal Note) attached. In dating the Journal Berkeley, it will be observed, followed the Roman fashion, by adopting the reformed Gregorian Calendar, adding N. S. to the date, although it was not till 1752 that this change was made in England.

The Journal illustrates Berkeley's habit of minute and careful observation of nature and passing events; his keen interest in art, especially architecture; and his disposition to scientific investigations, in directions which shew much individuality. Ischia was to him fairy-land, in which he revelled in that summer of 1717. Volcanic phenomena were another attraction, as appears in the Journal, in his criticism of the physical speculations of Borellus, and in his letter to Arbuthnot. Above all, the phenomena which followed the bite of the tarantula were inquired into with anxious care, on every opportunity, yet without much result. He inclines to the belief that the bite of this spider occasions a desire for dancing, the tarantula dance being followed by cure, a conclusion