ASKWITH, GEORGE RANKEN, Barrister at Law.
Counsel to His Majesty's Commissioners of
Works and Public Buildings, Arbitrator and
Conciliator to the Board of Trade. (See
Questions 1 to 950.)

Act done with "intent to harm" by individual:
Not necessarily tortious, 790, 907.

Acts of Parliament referred to by witness:

Act of 1859 as to peaceful persuasion, 96, 396.
Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act
1875, see that title.

Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871, 104, 143, 397.
Royal Commission of 1874-5 on, 142, 143,
237, 642, 651.

Molestation and Obstruction by Workmen Act
1825, 91, 95, 102, 393, 636.

Provident Nominations and Small Intestacies Act,

1883, 251.

Trade Union Act 1871, see that title.

Trade Union Amendment Act 1876, 250, 251.

Allen v. Flood:

Cases as to conspiracy and trade interference
alluded to in, 548.

Cave, L. J., judgment in, 148.

Civil liability, motive in relation to, effect of
decision on, 907.

Distinction between this case and case of con-

spiracy, made in all judgments, 900.

Grantham, L. J., criticism of the House of
Lords' judgment by, 198.

Halsbury, Lord, dicta of, as to effects of, 130,
136, 526.

Herschell, Lord, judgment and dicta in, 137,
151, 162, 523.

Inducing to strike, decision as to, 580.

James, Lord, of Hereford, on doctrine of
"interference in strikes and lock-outs, 226.
Kearney v. Lloyd in relation to, 140, 553, 646.
Lindley, Lord, criticism of, in Quinn v.
Leathem, 527, 529, 800, 907.

Lyons v. Wilkins, in relation to, 110, 111, 118,
226, 232.

Macnaghten, Lord, judgment and dicta in, 153,
581, 777, 793.

Malicious intent, decision as to, in, 141, 150, 151,
153, 517, 523, 529, 581, 621. 792, 800, 809,
902.

66

'Mogul" case in relation to, 137, 521, 797, 803,
805, 909.

Picketing, although peaceful, is a criminal
offence, if done with a view to coercion,
decision as to, 111.

Shand, L. J., judgment in, 148.

Theory of facts in, importance of, and variations
in summing up by the different judges, 137.
Trade Union delegate, notice by, of intention to
strike, whether tortious after decision in, 928.
Tort of Trade interference, dictum of Sir W.
Erle as to, objected to by majority of judges
in, 504.

Watson, Lord, judgment and dicta in, 226, 523,
793.

Wright, L. J., jndgment in, 792, 797.

Allen v. Flood, see that title.

American cases, re conspiracy, 126, 127.
Ashby v. White, 829.

Bamford v. Turnley (3 B. & S. 62), 120.

Banister Brothers & Moore v. Almond ("Labour

Gazette," October, 1991, 298), 121.
Barber v. Lesiter (7 C.B.N.S. 175), 140.
Barber v. Penley (1893, 2 Ch., 447) 203.
Barwick v. English Joint Stock Bank (L.R.,
2 Ex. 259) 337, 711, 770, 773.

Bayley v. The Manchester, Sheffield and Lincoln-
shire Railway Company (L.R. 7 C.P., 415, 1872)
335.

Boots v. Grundy (1900, 82 L.T., 769), 182.
Bowen v. Hall (6 Q.B.D., 333), 150, 151, 516.
Bradford Corporation v. Pickles (1895, A.C., 587),
150, 798. 801, 802. 803.

Broder v. Saillard (2 Ch., D., 692, 701), 120.
Bromage v. Prosser, 151.

Bulcock v. St. Anne's Master Builders (1902, 19
T.L.R., 27), 146, 183, 563.

Capital and Counties Bank v. Henty, 15] (page
17),

Carr v. National Amalgamated Society of House
and Ship Painters and Decorators ("Labour
Gazette," August, 1903, 215), 148, 197.
Chamberlain's Wharf Case (1900, 2 Ch., 605),
242, 243.

Charnock v. Court (1899, 2 Ch., 35), 116, 459.
Chasemore v. Richards, 803.

Clifford v. Brandon, 828, 829.

Commissioners of Sewers v. Gellatly (1876, 3 Ch.
615), 289.

Crocker v. Knight (1892, 61 L.J. Q.B., 466), 250,

251.

Crump v. Lambert (L.R., 3 Eq. 409) 120.
Curran v. Treleaven (1891, 2 Q.B., 547), 222,
224.

Denaby Collieries v. Yorkshire Miners' Associa-
tion ("Labour Gazette," March, 1904), 27,
191, 624.

Duke of Bedford v. Ellis (1901, A.C., 1), 27.
Duke v. Littleboy (1880, 49 L.J. Ch., 802), 242.
Epping Forest Case (1876, 3 C.D. 615) 360.
Ferguson v. Kinnoul (1842), 195.

Giblan v. National Amalgamated Labourers'
Union (1902, 18 T.L.R., 500), 27, 155, 177, 179,
183, 197, 531, 620, 770, 812, 848.

Gibson v. Lawson (1891, 2 Q.B., 545), 222, 224,
458.

Glamorganshire Coal Company v. South Wales
Miners' Federation (1902, 18 T.L.R., 810), 27,
39, 180, 781.

Gregory v. Duke of Brunswick (1844 6 Man. and
Gr. 205, 953), 139, 140, 151, 177, 548, 554,
826, 830.

Hilton v. Eckersley, 819.

Howden v. Yorkshire Miners' Association (1903,

72 L.J., K.B., 176), 244, 737.

Huttley v. Simmons (1898, 1 Q.B., 181), 139, 181,
622.

Jenkinson v. Nield (8, T.L.R., 540), 181.

ASKWITH, George Ranken-cont.
Cases-cont.

Kearney v. Lloyd (26 L.R., Ir., 26, 285), 140,
553, 646.

Keeble v. Hickereringill, 151.

Kilmatigue Conspiracy Case, 185.

Limpus v. The London General Omnibus Com-
pany (1 H. & C., 526), 337.

Linaker v. Pi'cher (17 T.L.R., 256), 24.

Lumley v. Gye (2 E. & B., 216) 195, 774, 775,

776, 779, 783, 785, 787, 796.

Lyons v. Wilkins, see that title.

McElroa v. United Society of Drillers ("Times,"
April 13-15, 1904), 200.

McGuire v. Andrews, Reynolds, Boatman, and
the Amalgamated Society of House Decorators
and Painters (Plaistow Branch), ("Times"
March 8th, 1904), 198.

Mersey Docks Trustees v. Gibbs (1866, L.R., 1,
H.L., 93), 668, 691.

Meux v. Maltby (1818) 289, 358.

Mogul S.S. Company Case, see that title.

Mulcahy v. Regina (1868, L.R., 3 H.L., 317), 140,
489.

O'Connell v. The Queen (11 Cl. & F., 155), 140.
Old v. Robson (1890, 59 L.J. M.C., 41), 242.
Pink v. Federation of Trade Unions (1892, 67
L.T., 258), 19, 22, 23.

Poulton v. London and South Western Railway
Company (2 L.R., Q. B., 540), 693.

Quinn v. Leathem, see that title.

Read v. Friendly Society of Operative Stone-
masons (1902, 2 K.B., 88, 732), (1902, T. L. R.
21), 196, 197.

R. v. Bauld (1876, 13 Cox, C.C., 282), 104, 106,
110.

R. v. Bunn, 603, 606.

R. v. Druitt, 223, 596, 845.

R. v. Eccles, 140.

R. v. Hibbert (1875, 13 Cox, C.C. 82), 104.

R. v. Journeymen Tailors of Cambridge, 140.
R. v. Mawbey, 140, 818, 819.

R. v. Parnell and others (14 Cox, C.C, 508), 140.
R. v. Rowlands, 148, 223, 603, 606.

R. v. Selsby (1847, 5 Cox, C.C., 495), 95.

R. v. Shepherd (1869, 11 Cox, C.C., 325), 102, 103.
R. v. Warburton (L.R.I.C.C. 276), 140.
Rigby v. Connol (1880, 14, C.D., 482), 243.
Rogers v. Rajendro Dutt (13 Moo. P.C., 209),
194, 791, 792.

Scottish Co-operative Society v. Glasgow Fleshers
(1898, S. L. R. 645), 146, 562.

Skinner v. Gunton (1 William Saunders, 23q), 649,
825.

Stevenson v. Newnham (1853, 13, C.B., 285), 150.
Swaine v. Wilson (1890, 24 Q.B., 252), 242.
Taff Vale Case, see that title.

Tallow Conspiracy Case, 184.

Temperton v. Russell (1893, 1 Q.B., 435, 715), 23,
27,148, 150,151, 177, 237, 276, 299, 516, 901, 909.
Thomas v. Amalgamated Society
Society of Car-
penters ("Times," April 28th, 1902), 184.
Trollope v. London Building Trade Federation
(1895, 72 L.T., 342), 24, 31, 181.
Walsby v. Anley, 223.

Walter v. Selfe (4 De G. & S., 315), 120.

Walters v. Green (1899, 2 Ch., 696), 116.

Winder v. Kingston-on-Hull Corporation (1888,

20 Q.B.D.. 412), 242.

Wolfe v. Matthews (1882, 21 C.D., 194), 249

Class Actions: Procedure as to, 358.

Conciliation:

Advantages of, 362.

Ocnspiracy:

Acts legal if done by one, where punished as,
126, 140, 180, 181, 220, 222, 635, 651.
Desires of Trade Unionists as to, 138, 237
Boycotting dealt with as, 184, 185, 237, 241.
Cases as to:

Allen v. Flood (1898, A.C. 1), 130, 136, 137,
148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 162, 163.

American cases. 126, 127.

ASKWITH, George Kanken-cont.

Conspiracy-cont.

Cases as to-cont.

Boots v. Grundy (1900, 82 L.T., 769), 182.
Bowen v. Hall (6 Q.B.D., 333), 150, 151, 516.
Bulcock v. St. Anne's Master Builders,
(1902), 19 T.L.R. 27), 146.

Carr v. National Amalgamated Society of
House Painters (1903), 148, 197.

Curran v. Treleaven (1891, 2 Q.B., 547), 222,
224, 1192.

Effect of cases, 130, 136, 137, 139, 788, 789.
Giblan v. National Amalgamated Labourers'
Union (1903), 155, 183, 848.

Gibson v. Lawson (1891, 2 Q.B. 545), 222.
Gregory v. Duke of Brunswick (6 Man.
& Gr. 205, 953), 139, 140, 826.

Huttley v. Simmons (1898, 1 Q.B., 181),
139, 181, 622.

Kearney v. Lloyd (1890, 26 L.R., Ir.. 26.
285), 140, 553, 646.
Kilmatigue conspiracy case, 185.
Lyons v. Wilkins, see that title
McElrea v.

United Society of Drillers
("Times," April 13th, 15th, 1904), 200.
McGuire v. Andrews, Reynolds, Boatman
and The Amalgamated Society of House
Decorators and Painters (Plaistow
Branch), ("Times," March 8th, 1904).
198.

Mogul Case, see Mogul Steamship Company
Case.

Mulcahy v. Regina (1868, L.R., 3 H.L. 317),
140, 149.

Quinn v. Leathem (1901, A.C. 495), 140,
151, 152, 196, 639, 939.

R. v. Warburton (L.R.I.C.C. 276), 140.
Scottish Co-operative Society v. Glasgow
Fleshers (1898), 146.

Skinner v. Gunton (1 William Saunders
230), 649.

Civil liability in:

American Cases as to, 127, 128.

Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act
1875, how far affected by, 47, 49.
Effect of Gregory v. Duke of Brunswick
on, 140, 826.

Liability for civil conspiracy first con-
sidered in Quinn v. Leathem, 237.
"Motive" not to be considered in, 907.
Untouched by Quinn v. Leathem, 820, 823.
Combination:

How far indictable as, 813.
Oppressive Combination, definition of, 631,
840, 911.

To commit a tort is, 650.

Suggested no reason why this principle
should be extended, 651.

To molest, ruling as to, 598, 602.
Competition, when exemption from, 146, 148,
151, 152, 156.

Allen v. Flood as to, 148, 151.

Bulcock v. St. Anne's Master Builders
(1902), 146.

Carr v. National Amalgamated Society of
House Painters (1903) as to, 148, 197.
Giblan v. National Amalgamated Labourers'
Union (1903) as to, 155, 183.
Mogul case, Bowen, L. J., on, 148.

Temperton v. Russell (1893) as to, 148, 150.

Conspiracy to injure, see that title.
Criminal Conspiracy, effect of Conspiracy and
Protection of Property Act of 1875, on,
146, 237, 241.

Definition of, 140, 488, 496, 499.

Desires of Trade Unions as to change of law of,
138, 237.

Difficulty and uncertainty of the law, and conflict
of dicta as to, 130, 136, 139, 180, 604, 781, 836.
Sir F. Pollock on, 139.

Effect of cases on: Gist of the action in, 646,
825.

Dicta of Lord Halsbury on, 130, 136, 137.
Taff Vale Case, effect on, 788, 789

Intimidation under, 222.

Definition of, by Mr. Chalmers-Hunt, 223.
Labour Commission of 1891-4 as to, 223, 224,
458.

Is of general application, 437.

Objects of the Act, 237, 642.

66

Peaceful persuasion " not allowed under, 104,
109, 411, 415.

Words as to, why left out in the Act, 104.
"Picketing," reason for provision of Statutory
remedy as to 482.

Section 7, as to Watching and Besetting, 407.
"Conspiracy to Injure":

Cases as to, 225, 237, 251, 901.

Gregory v. Duke of Brunswick, 139, 140,
151, 177, 179, 548, 826.

Quinn v. Leathem, doctrine as to in, 151,
152, 155, 196, 533, 542, 568.
Definition of, 536.

Existence and effects of, 893.
Historical aspect of, 548.

Macnaghten, Lord, on, 140, 533, 542, 827.
What is justification for, 612, 619, 825.
Documents handed in.

Employers' Associations, statement showing
General Summary for 1902, 130a.

Extract from Industrial Democracy, by Mr. and
Mrs. Sidney Webb, pp. 34-45 :
"A Bill en-
titled an Act to amend the Law relating to
Trade Disputes, 88.

Proposed legislation re Trade Unions :
Copies of Bills, 86.

Letter addressed to Members of Parliament
by the Trades Union Congress Parliamen-
tary Committee, dated 5th May 1903,
re Trades Disputes Bill, copy of, 88.
Strikes and Lock-outs, statement summarising
statistics of in United Kingdom in each of the
ten years, 1893-1902, 12.
Trade Disputes:

Chart showing number of work-people
directly and indirectly affected by Trade
Disputes, and aggregate duration in work-
ing days in each year, 1894-1903, 12.
Chart showing number of work - people
directly affected by Trade Disputes,
classified by trades, causes, and results,
mean of ten years, 1894–1903, 12.

Trade Unions :

Attitude of, with regard to the existing
state of the law, précis of "The Times
Report, September 5th, 1902, p. 10, re-
specting, 88.

Expenditure of, 1893-1902, chart showing
analysis of expenditure on disputes,
working expenses, and each class of
friendly benefit, by 100 principal Trade
Unions for each year, and mean for
period, 12.

Membership of, in 1902, statement sum-
marising, 12.
Membership of all Trade Unions, Member-
ship in each year, 1893-1902, and mean or
period, classified by trades, 12.

Bayley v. Manchester, Sheffield and Lincoln-
shire Railway Company, 335.

Briscoe v. Meakin, 4979.

Carr v. National Amalgamated Society of
House and Ship Painters and Decorators,
148, 197.

Duke of Bedford v. Ellis, 27.

Linaker v. Pilcher, 24.

Lyons v. Wilkins, 24.

Temperton v. Russell, 23, 27, 276, 299.
Taff Vale case, see that title.

Temperton, v. Russell, 25, 27, 276, 287, 299.
Trollope v. London Building Trade Federa-
tion, 24, 31.

Employer and workmen, position as to, com-
pared, 58.

How suable apart from special Trade Union law
299, 313.

Inability to sue its own agents, 61, 73.

Members of, not personally liable, 385, 391, 673.
Public opinion as to, 23, 24, 27, 42.
Registration, effect of on, 28, 38, 39, 40, 41, 52,
53, 390.

Poyal Commission on Labour 1891-4, as to, 23,
24, 48, 284.

Royal Commission on Trade Unions 1867-9, as to,
42.

Rules of Trade Unions in relation to:

How far affecting liability, 695, 712, 714,
716, 729.

Possibility of framing so as to exclude
liability, 331, 334.

Trade Union Congress in 1875, on, 42.
Trust deeds, how far a protection against de
cision in Taff Vale case, 659.

Views of witness as to, 47, 49, 52.

Lyons v. Wilkins: ((1) 1896, 1 Ch. 811, 832; (2) 1899
Ch. 255.)

Combination to prevent one man from working
for another declared illegal by Kay, L. J., 156.
Followed by recent cases, 116.

Head Note in, 110.

Legality of strikes :

Dictum by Kay, L. J., 222, 584.

Dictum by Lindley, M.R., 158, 595.

Liability of Trade Unions not argued in, 24.
Not affected by Allen v. Flood, 110, 111, 118, 226,
232.

Peaceful persuasion, decision as to, 110, 111, 113,
118, 120, 412, 413, 459.

First declared illegal in, 114.

Remedy in, followed in other cases, 121.
Views of witness as to, 111,

Sympathetic strikes, illegality of, judgment of
Smith, I.. J., as to, 225, 585, 933.

ASKWITH, George Ranken-cont.
"Malice"

Effect of on otherwise lawful act, 515.
Doctrine as to malicious intent in Allen v.
Flood, 517, 523, 529, 581, 621, 792, 800,
809, 902, 2273, 2279.

Mogul Steamship Company Case (1892, AC., 25):
Allen v. Flood, in relation to, 137, 521, 797, 03,
805, 909.

Combination in furtherance of labour decision as
to in, 153, 561.

Chalmers-Hunt, Mr. on, 175.

"Dicta" in criticised, 790.

Difficulties in, law as to, views of witness as to,
141.

Advantage of Statutory over Common Law,
remedy as to, 121.

Cairns, Lord Chancellor, as to in 1875, 104.
Cases as to :

Banister Brothers and Moore v. Almond and
others (1901), 121.

Charnock v. Court (1899), 116, 459.
Lyons v. Wilkins (1896) as to, 110, 111,
113, 118, 120, 412, 413, 459.
First held illegal in, 114.

Judgment in, Witness's view of, 111.
Remedy in, followed in other cases, 121.
Unaffected by Allen v. Flood (1898), 111.
R. v. Bauld, (1876), 104, 106 110.

R. v. Selsby (1847), 95.

R. v. Shepherd (1869), 102, 103
R. v. Hibbert (1875).

Quoted in Commons Debate by Mr.
Cross in 1875, 104.

Russell Gurney's charge in, 104.
Walters v. Green (1899), 116.

Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1871, as to, 104.
Grievance as to, since Lyons v. Wilkins, 413, 468.
History of, 91.

Intention of the Conspiracy and Protection of
Property Act of 1875 as to, 104, 109, 411,
415.

Opinions in 1895 as to legality of, 110.
Proposed legislation as to, 90.

Royal Commission on Labour 1891-4, witnesses
before as to, 110.

What it is in practice, 415, 435.

When indictable as nuisance at Common

Law, 118, 119, 464.

Words as to why left out in Act of 1875, 104.

Proposed Legislation re Trade Unions :

Acts legal when done by one person, not to be
illegal if done by many in combination,
proposals as to, 138, 237.

Copies of Bills handed in, 86.

Peaceful Persuasion, proposals as to, 90.

Webb, Mr. and Mrs. Sidney, draft bill as to, 87.

Qualifications of Witness, 1.

ASKWITH, George Ranken-cont.

Quinn v. Leathem (1901), A.C. 495):

America, use made of the doctrines of in, 126.
Brampton, Lord, judgment in, 140, 181, 650.
Civil liability for conspiracy in, 237, 820, 823.

Not affected by Trade Union Act of 1871,
decision as to, 639.

Not affected by Conspiracy and Pro-
tection of Property Act of 1875, decision
as to, 820, 836, 909.

Conspiracy to injure," doctrine of, 151, 152, 155,
196, 237, 533, 542, 568, 901.

Directions given to the Jury by Fitz Gibbon, L.J.,
180.

Facts in, 151 (page 18), 152.

Haldane. Mr., article comparing Quinn v.
Leathem with Barber v. Penley, 203.
Halsbury, Lord, dicta in, 130, 136, 155, 526.
Head-note in, 945.

Lindley, Lord, judgment and dicta in, 140, 181,

217, 231, 232, 237, 527, 529, 608, 800, 926, 931.
Macnaghten, Lord, dicta in, 140, 196, 533, 542.
Motive or malice, doctrine as to, 518, 811.
Reasons for the action, 911, 939.

Royal Commission of 1874-5 on Master and Servants
Act 1867 and on Criminal Law Amendment Act
1871:

Principle on which Conspiracy and Protection of
Property Act was framed, 237, 642.

Tort committed by combination of persons, a
eriminal offence, decision as to, 142, 143, 651.

Royal Commission on Labour 1891-4:

Arbitration and Conciliation, observations as to
362, 365.

Agreements should be binding, 372.
Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act, 1875,
recommendations as to, 223.

Incorporation of Trade Unions, proposals as to,
81, 82, 83, 284.

Intimidation, report on, 223, 224, 458.
Liability of Trade Unions to be sued, report on,
23, 24, 42, 48, 284.

Peaceful Persuasion, evidence as to, 110.
Royal Commission on Trade Unions 1867-9:

Arbitration and Conciliation, observations as to,
362.

Incorporation of Trade Unions, suggestion as to
a, 267.

Legality of Trade Unions and of Strikes, Report
on, 635.

Tort committed in pursuance of combination,
Report on, 650.

Societies:

How far suable by representatives, 289

Strikes :

Legality of:

Dictum of Kay, L. J., as to, 222, 584.

Dictum of Lindley M. R., 158, 595.

Royal Commission on Trade Unions 1867-9,
Report of on, 635

Limitation on the conduct of, 595.

Non-Unionists, strikes against, views as to
legality of, 938.

Right of workmen to strike, 571, 575.

Statistics re Strikes and Lock-outs, summary of,
11, 12, 700.

Subscriptions to strikes by outsiders, question as
to legality of, 937.

Sympathetic strikes, views as to, 222, 226, 235
233, 581, 585, 933.

Taff Vale Case (1901, AC, 426.):

Corollary of in conspiracy, 788, 789.

Decision in, 13, 19.

Grounds for, 313, 316.

Points decided, 13, 653, 654, 655, 656.

Effect of "registration in, 52, 53.

Followed in recent cases, 27.

History of, 13, 19.

How far liability of Trade Union funds was

argued in, 317.

Chamberlain's Wharf Case (1900), 242,
243.

Duke v. Littleboy (1880), 241.

Howden v. Yorkshire Miners' Association
(1903), 244.

Old v. Robson (1890), 241.
Swaine v. Wilson (1890), 241.

Wolfe v. Matthews (1882), 242.

Winder v. Hull Corporation (1888), 242.
Effect of Taff Vale decision on, 57.
Inability to sue Trade Union Agents under, 61.
72, 74.

Objects of, 51, 392, 397, 636, 644.

Section 4, partial repeal of suggested, probabie
effect of, 366.

Trade Union Act Amendment Act, 1876:

Case as to--Crocker v. Knight (1892), 250, 251.
Trade Unions :

Agency of:

Governed by general law, 336, 331, 758.
Inability to sue Trade Union Agents, under
Act of 1871, 61, 73, 74.

Scope of authority, discussion as to, 689, 701,
714, 716, 771.

Wrongful acts by Agents, difficulty in
defining, 729, 739, 740, 745, 746, 922.
Breach of Contracts arising through, see subhead-
ing, Interference with Contractical relations.
Chalmers-Hunt's views as to law of 175.
Definition of, includes Employers' Unions, 242.
Difficulty and uncertainty of the Law relating to,
see title Conspiracy, sul heading Difficulty, etc.
Funds:

Application of, limited by rules of, 244.
Liability of, see Liability of Trade Unions.
Money due on death of Member, how payable,
250.

Segregation of, 333, 339, 349, 659, 747.
Incorporation of, see subheading Status.
Interference with contractual relations by, 194.
195, 224, 779.

Cases as to, 194, 779.

Carr v. National Amalgamated Society
of House and Ship Painters and
Decorators (1903), 197.

General result of cases, 197.
Glamorganshire Coal Company v. South

Wales Miners' Federation, 180, 781.
Lumley v. Gye, 195, 779, 781, 783, 785,
786.

McElrea v. United Society of Drillers

(1904), 200.

McGuire v. Andrews, Reynolds, Boat-
man, and the Amalgamated Society
of House Decorators and Painters
(Plaistow Branch) (1904), 198.
Quinn v. Leathem (1901), 196.

Dicta of Lord Halsbury in, 130, 136.
Read v. Friendly Society of Stone-
masons (1902), 196.

Rogers v. Rajendro Dutt, 194.