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1893 he wrote to a friend, "Do you know a danger which I now foresee? It is the rekindling of my enthusiasm. It used to burn in my heart like a red-hot iron. For twenty years I hid it beneath my coat. No one of them believed in the future of the University. Men smiled maliciously to my face and insulted me behind my back. I lost most of the friends of my youth. ... One after another they left me by the way, overwhelmed by weariness, contempt, or weakness. I feel old and solitary, but cheerful and joyous enough." And again in 1896 he wrote: "It is all very well to prate of contentment and pleasure; I am debauched by affairs, and know no peace except in the midst of full activity." A man of genius, he mastered his work until his work mastered him.

As a record of the achievements of one of the greatest medical men America has produced, this work should receive a cordial welcome from the profession. The illustrations are good and three of them are portraits of Pepper at the ages of 4, 44 and 53

years.

THE INFLUENCE OF PASTEUR ON MEDICAL SCIENCE. An Address Delivered before the Medical School of Johns Hopkins University. By Christian Archibald Herter, M.D. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1904. 77 pp., 8vo. Price: Cloth, $1.00.

The handsome and tasteful dress which the publishers have given this monograph is in keeping with the excellence of the essay itself. Crisp, concise and comprehensive with scarcely a word that could well be omitted, Dr. Herter has presented his view of the influence of Pasteur on medical science in a masterly manner. In its literary style and in the handling of the subject, this essay is a little masterpiece and should be read by every physician. The half hour so spent will be more than repaid.

Born of humble parentage, Pasteur as a lad "showed some qualities which distinguished his work in later life. In his daily tasks, at which he worked faithfully and deliberately, he showed the most scrupulous accuracy and truthfulness, attributes which are the more noteworthy for the reason that they belong to a temperament enriched with a strong vein of romanticism, which for a time found expression in a fervid devotion to poetic literature." After three years of instruction at the Collège Royal of Besançon, Pasteur entered the Ecole Normale of Paris where he came under the influence of Jean Baptiste Dumas, to whose strong intellect Pasteur owed his first grasp of the great principles of science.

Pasteur's successive researches, which culminated in his dis

coveries of the bacterial origin of disease, and of immunity through the action of attenuated virus, are traced by Dr. Herter so logically and so concisely that we cannot condense an account of them into less space than has been given in this essay, without omitting essential points. It is an essay that every layman as well as man of science can find great pleasure and profit in reading.

In conclusion, the author writes: "If we would understand the influence of Pasteur on medical science we must recognize that his example as the apostle of an almost untried method of approaching the problems of medicine has been no less enlightening than his actual discoveries. . . . Perhaps the most deeply significant feature of Pasteur's contributions to medicine is their direct dependence on the principles of physics and chemistry, the sciences that so often lie at the heart of real advances in biology; the medical profession at the beginning of Pasteur's career was duly following a well-trodden but nearly blind road, in the hopeless struggle to solve the intricate problems of human pathology and physiology by minute observations and experiments confined largely to the most complex representatives of animal life. Then for the first time there appeared in the biological sciences a man profoundly trained in the methods of chemistry and physics, and inspired, moreover, with a firm confidence in the applicability of these sciences to the solution of biological and medical problems. Step by step, with rigid logic and unfaltering determination, he passed from the early crystallographic discoveries to the new conception of fermentation, and from this to the crucial discoveries relative to etiology and immunity for which the medical sciences had waited so long."

A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF OBSTETRICS IN THE UNITED STATES UP TO 1860. By J. Whitridge Williams, M.D. [n.p.n.d.] 55 pp., 8vo.

This monograph which was published in two numbers of American Gynecology (1903, iii, p. 266-294, 340-366), is issued in cloth covers. In this more permanent and accessible form it

will be welcomed in all collections on the history of medicine as a valuable résumé of the subject presented. Dr. Williams sketches briefly the Early Obstetricians, Clinical Instruction and Medical Schools, Early Obstetrical Literature Exclusive of Text-Books, and the history of Extra-uterine Pregnancy, Anesthesia, Puerperal Infection, Cesarean Section, Combined Cephalic Version, and The Corpus Luteum, in American medicine. There follows

an account of the systematic writers on obstetrics, including Samuel Bard, William Potts Dewees, Charles Delucena Meigs, Hugh Lenox Hodge, Henry Miller, Joseph Warrington, David H. Tucker, J. Neill and F. G. Smith, Thomas F. Cock, and Gunning S. Bedford; also brief reference to the works of foreign authors which were in general use in this country before native writers had constructed a literature of their own.

To the student, the historical value of Dr. Williams' interesting sketch is greatly enhanced by the excellent bibliographies he has appended to each of the subjects treated.

NEW JOURNALS.

Alkoholfrage (Die). Vierteljahrsschrift zur Erforschung der Wirkungen des Alkohols. Hrsg. von Prof. Dr. Böhmert u. Dr. med. Meinert. Jahrg. 1, Heft 1, 1904. Dresden, Verlag von O. V. Böhmert. Yearly, 6 Mk. Archiv f. Rassen-und Gesellschafts-Biologie, einschliefslich Rassen und Gesellschafts-Hygiene. Hrsg. von Dr. med Alfred Ploetz. Published Bi-monthly. Bd. 1, Heft 1, Jan., 1904. Berlin, W. 62, Viktoria strasse 41. Yearly, 20 Mk. Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association. Published Monthly. Vol. 9, No. 1, May, 1904. Yearly, $1.00. (Continuation of: Mississippi Medical Record.)

Neuer medizinischer Generalanzeiger. Ztschr. f. d. ges. Interessen der Heilkunde. Hrsg. von Dr. med. Josef Goliner. Bimonthly. Bd. 1, No. 1, Jan. 1, 1904. Worms, H. Kräuter. Yearly, 5 Mk. Physikalisch-Medizinische Monatshefte. Ztschr. f. d. physikalische Richtung in der Medizin, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Radiologie. Hrsg. von Dr. H. Kraft u. Dr. B. Wiesner. Bd. 1, Heft 1, April, 1904. Berlin, Verlage Dr. jur. Demcker, Fasanen-Strasse 39. Yearly, 24 Mk.

Southern Medicine. A Monthly Record of the Progress in Med

icine and Surgery in the Southern States. Edit. by Wm. Edwards Fitch, M.D. New No. 1, Jan., 1904. Savannah, Ga. Yearly, $2.00.

The Therapeutic Review. Edit. by Horatio C. Wood, Jr., M.D. Monthly. Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan., 1904. Philadelphia, Columbia Press. Yearly, $1.00.

Tuberkulose-Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte. Berlin, J. Springer, 1904. Heft 1, 4 Mk,

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Professor of Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, 1747-1766. Photograph by Crawford of the portrait "after Belucci" in the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh.

(The writer desires to acknowledge his thanks to Dr. John Thomson through whose kindness the above photograph was obtained, and also to the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, for their courtesy in permitting the portrait to be photographed.)

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