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and to employ sufficient and qualified persons, "visiting teachers" or hourly teachers; and to establish rates and regulations subject to the approval of the superintendent governing the time and method of such instruction.

Required: Parent or guardian shall cause crippled children between 6 and 18 who have not acquired the branches of learning taught in the first eight grades, to be registered annually. Penalty for failure to comply.

II. State regulation.—Authorized: The State is authorized to provide for observation, inspection, and supervision of the work of "hourly" teachers.

Required: It is the duty of the State to cooperate with districts and to certify as to qualifications of teachers.

A certificate from the State certifying competency to give special instruction is required.

III. State aid.-No State funds provided.

Pennsylvania

(1925 Laws, chs. 70 and 76)

I. Local aid.-Required: Any district school board having within its jurisdiction a child of exceptional physical condition, not properly educated, must secure information thereon and report to medical inspector and to county superintendent. The medical inspector shall examine and report to superintendent of district in all first, second, and third class districts, whether such child is a proper subject for special education and training. In all other districts he shall report to the secretary of health, who shall report to the county superintendent. When children are duly reported as fit subjects for special education, the respective district or county superintendents are required to submit to school boards plans for establishing and maintaining special classes.

Districts wherein such children are reported are required to provide and maintain (or to do so jointly with neighboring districts) special classes; provided, if not feasible to form class with 10 in any district, or to provide such education in district, unless approved education is provided by parents, the director shall secure training in outside institutions or in the child's home.

District school boards providing special instruction must report to the State thereon.

Parents or guardians in control of any child between 6 and 16 who is so crippled as to make it impracticable for such child to be educated in public school in district, shall allow such child to be sent to some school where proper provision is made, or shall provide for tuition of such child by a legally certified public tutor. Annual enumeration is required of children from 4 to 16 who "because of physical handicap" (crippled not specifically mentioned) are incapable of receiving proper benefit from ordinary instruction and who, for their own or the social welfare, need special educational provisions.

II. State regulation.-The State superintendent is required to superintend the organization of special classes and other arrangements and to enforce the provision for crippled children. The location, constitution, and sizes of classes, conditions of admission and discharge of pupils, equipment, courses of study, methods of instruction, and qualifications of teachers must be approved by the State council of education, as a condition upon which State reimbursement is allowed.

III. State aid.-Required: Districts which provide special classes of instruction approved by the State council of education shall be aided by the State.

Tennessee

(4436a36-40 Annotated Code, Supplement, 1926 [1925 ch. 102])

I. Local aid.-Required: If the judge or chairman of any county court is of the opinion that any crippled child, for whom application is made for treatment and education, is in need of "treatment and education" and finds that the parent or guardian fails or is financially unable to provide it, he shall make a finding to that effect and forward a copy of the said decree and a statement of the facts to the State commissioner of institutions.

Upon receipt of notice from the department of institutions that the said child may be accepted for treatment and education, the said judge or chairman shall commit the child to the department of institutions and shall arrange for its conveyance.

The necessary expense of treatment, education, and conveyance shall be borne by the parent or guardian, if financially able, or by the county, as the judge or chairman of the county court may direct.

Authorized: County courts are authorized to make appropriations from the county funds to carry out the foregoing provisions; the said funds to be paid to the department of institutions.

II. State regulation. The department of institutions shall exercise close supervision over such crippled children, while under its care, and may at any time terminate any contract for their care, treatment, and education when in its judgment such action should be taken. (See Local aid and State aid.)

III. State aid.-Required: The department of institutions when able to do so and when facilities and funds become available, shall notify the judge or chairman of the county court from which aid is applied for, that the child may be accepted for treatment and education. It shall arrange for the treatment and education of crippled children committed to it by the county courts at such crippled children's homes, orthopedic hospitals, or other institutions approved by said department.

Authorized: The department of institutions is authorized to receive, treat, and educate crippled children whose parents or guardians fail or are unable to provide for such. As funds are available it is authorized to reimburse counties for expenditures incurred in complying with the foregoing provisions.

Washington

(Sec. 661, 1923 Code of Public Instruction)

I. Local aid.-Authorized: The board of directors of a school district of the first class is authorized to establish and maintain schools for the education and training of any class or classes of defective youth (cripples not expressly mentioned), as it, in the judgment of the board, best promotes the interests of education in that district.

II. State regulation.-None mentioned.

III. State aid.-None mentioned.

Wisconsin

(1927 Laws, ch. 488)

I. Local aid.-Authorized: Upon application by any school board the State superintendent may authorize said board to establish and maintain one or more day schools for the instruction of "physically disabled" children, or a special

class for "exceptional persons of school age." (Crippled children not specifically mentioned.)

Required. The board of any school or class shall admit (whenever facilities warrant) any disabled child, resident or nonresident, who desires to enter. If district wherein disabled child resides maintains no suitable class, it shall pay tuition of such pupil not to exceed $2 per week; if suitable class is provided in district where child resides, the said tuition shall be paid by the parent.

Annual enumeration of crippled children is implied from the regular schoolcensus provision.

Physically-disabled children from 8 to 18 years of age (to 16 if completed the eighth grade or regularly employed) must attend public, private. or State school eight months each year.

II. State regulation.-Upon application of any board of education, the State superintendent may authorize such board to establish and maintain a special school or class. Courses, qualification of teachers, organization, and maintenance of such schools or classes must comply with such requirements as may be outlined by the State superintendent, who shall appoint persons of suitable training and experience to supervise such classes, examine, test, and classify pupils applying for admission to special classes.

III. State aid.-Required: When any school board has maintained a special class or classes taught by qualified teachers and in accordance with State requirements, the State shall pay a sum equal to an amount expended by said board for teachers' salaries, board and transportation of pupils, special books and equipment, and such other expenses as shall be approved by the State superintendent in excess of $70 per child; provided that it shall not exceed $300 for each disabled resident child, $400 for each nonresident child, or $150 for transportation of each disabled pupil who is suitably served in a regular school; provided that for less than nine months attendance the amount shall be proportionately less.

Wyoming

(Wyoming Compiled Statutes, 1920, sec. 2364)

I. Local aid.-None mentioned.

II. State regulation.-Annual enumeration of crippled children is implied from the regular school-census provision.

III. State aid.-The State may place children physically unfitted for attendance in public school in a special school or institution in the State or elsewhere, or provide special classes in local schools of any city or district. (Cripples not expressly mentioned.)

Where no adequate provision is made for such children and upon approval of the board of education where such children reside, the State must provide education and training and, when necessary, support and maintenance. It may secure expert assistance and advice to ascertain what children are suitable for special care and education. If parent is unable to bear the expense of necessary care and training, it will be paid by the State out of funds appropriated therefor.

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