CÆSAR, Julius, 383.
Cæsarism.
reignty.

BACON, quotations from, 23, 24.
Bail, 69 and sequ. Advantages and
disadvantages, 70.

Ballot, universally established in the

United States, 268. Has not the
effect which the English expect,
ibid.

Bavarian code, against interepreta-
tion by courts, 210.

Beccaria against pardoning, 440.
Béchard, Lois Municipales des Re-
publ. de la Swisse et des Etats-
Unis, 325, note.
Bentham, Jeremy, tactics of legisla-
tive assemblies, 195.
Beranger, opinion on French justice,

77.

Bernard, Frenchman, accessory be-
fore the fact, of Orsini, 59.
Betis, 213.

Bicameral system, 197.
Billeting, debate in commons in 1856,
p. 119.

Bill of Rights, in full, 499 and sequ.
Blanc, Louis, one of the representa-
tives of French school, 374; and
present imperialists, equally for
universal suffrage, 162, note.
Bodinus, definition of liberty, 33.
Copy of Bodinus used by Jeffer-
son, ibid.

Bonner's translation of de Tocque-
ville's Ancien Régime, 259.
Bossuet, for centralized power, 378.
Bourgoisie derided, 389.

Brilliant men, or events, not the most
influential, 257.

Brougham, Lord, on discussing peti-
tions, 125, note; on the organiza-
tion of upper house, 201; ethics
of the advocate, 244; on courts of
arbitration, 285, note; on German
empire, 363, note.

Campbell, Lord, opinion on petitions
of British merchants, 60; on una-
nimity of jury, 241, note.
Capital, amount of, carried off by
emigrants, 96, note; 97, note.
Capital cities, influence, 396. Mag-
nificent capital cities pave a state
of decline, 399.

Carey, Matthew, on pardoning in
United States, 445.
Carlisle, Earl, 125, note.
Cassation, court of, 283.
Cavaignac, General, his arrest, 112.
Centralism leads to enfeebling man-
worship, 401; to base flattery, 402;
to brilliant acts, 403.
Centralization, loved by the French,
156; Turgot in favor of it, 198;

passion of the French for it, 288.
Centralized governments have no in-
stitutions to break powerful shocks,
356.

Cerachi, conspirator, executed by se-
natus consultum, 321.
Champ-de-mars, the many different
government exhibitions on the
same, 349.
Chambord, Count, his letter not al-
lowed to be published, 394.
Chancellor, Lord, of England, mem-
ber of the cabinet, 189, note;
being moderator of house of lords,
190.

Charter, French, of Louis XVIII., in
full, 550 and sequ; of the year 1830,
ibid.

Chardin, on pardoning in Persia, 439.
Chartists, petition in 1848, p. 124,

note.

Charter, the great, of England, 464
and sequ, and 476 and sequ.
Chatham, Lord, on trial by jury, 236;
on passage in magna charta, con-
cerning administration of justice,
281; on arbitrary power, 377.

Cis-Caucasian race, 22, note.
Cities, in the Netherlands were sove-
reign, 173, 343; not sufficient as
patria for moderns, 173, and note.
City; the ancients confound it with
the state. 47 and sequ.

City-states and national states, 367
and sequ.

Civilization, law of spreading, 298.
Civil Law, influence on common law,
216.

Civil Liberty. See Liberty.
Civil List. See Taxation.

Code Napoleon and equality, essence
of civilization, 19.

Codification, does not prevent inter-
pretation, 208.

Coëtlogon, French case of opening
letters, 93.

Coke, on the justice of the peace,
326, note.

Collard, Roger, on absolutism of ma-
jority, 287.

Colonization Society, 128.

Color, effect of distinction of races on
American sympathy and politics,
265.
Commissions, contradistinguished
from regular courts, 109.
Common law, necessary for indepen-
dence of the law, 208 and sequ.
Constitutes the greater portion of
British constitution, 213. Com-
pared with civil law, 214; article
common law in Encyclopædia Ame-
ricana, written by Judge Story,
216; American writers who take
French views of liberty, and of law
against it, 217.

Communion, right of, 89 and sequ.
Liberty of, always abolished by
absolutists, 277.

Communism, the basis of the Utopias,
46, note.

Compensation bill, intended by Ro-
milly for accused persons not found
guilty, 79.
Compurgators, 460.

Conclamation, election by, of medie-
val character, 408.
Confederation, articles of, and perpe-
tual union, in full, 410 and sequ.
Confirmation of liberties, 476 and sequ.
Confirmatio Chartarum. 476 and sequ.
Confiscation, incompatible with civil
liberty. 103.

Conflicts between courts and adminis-
trations, were to be decided by a

separate tribunal, according to
French constitution of 1848, p. 571.
Conscience, liberty of, 99 and sequ.
American court regarding it, ibid.
Necessity, at present, 101. Why its
full acknowledgement in England
so late, 103.

Conscription in France, 122, note.
Constitutions, produced in our age,
17, 18; written and unwritten; en-
acted and cumulative, 166, note;
of England, consists chiefly of
common law, 213; what it consists
of, ibid; of U. S., called atheistic,
264; of U. S., works on it, and on
their government, 270, note; of
United States, in full, 521 and sequ;
French, of 1793, in full, 536; of
the French republic, of 1848, p.
560 and sequ; of France, of 1851,
p. 581.

Constitutionality, declared by su-
preme court, 166 and sequ.
Coode, codifying English poor law,
210, note.

Cooper, Dr. Thomas, opinion of Ha-

milton's parliam. logic, 195, note.
Corruption of blood, not admitted in
U. S., 82; in England, 104.
Council of State, in France, 203.
Council of Trent, adopted half hour
rule, 137, note.

Counsel of the prisoner, 243.
Country, necessary for moderns, in-
stead of ancient cities, 173, and

note.

Cours prêvotales, abolished by char-
ter of Louis XVIII. See Natural
Courts.

Courvoisier, and Philips his counsel,
248, note.

Craik, G. L., proposed a plan of elec-
tion to represent minority, 181,

note.

Cranworth, Lord, on codification, 210,
note; on trial by jury, 239.
Crimen exceptum, high treason, 84.
Cromwell, congratulations on dissolv-
ing parliament, 424.

Crowds, acclaiming, deceive, 403.
Crown, or principate on the conti-
nent, 51.
Crusades, in connection with the Vox
populi vox Dei, 406.
Cumulative constitutions. See Enact-
ed Constitutions.
Curtis, G. J., History of Cons. of U.
S., 270, note.

DAHOMEY, King of, his letter to
Queen Victoria, 25.

Daly, Judge, Historical Sketch of Ju-
dicial Tribunals in New York, 242,

note.

Debating, not known in Roman se-
nate, 192; cannot take place in
mass meetings, ibid.
Deciduous institutions, 323.
Declaration of Independence of the

U. S., in full, 505 and sequ.
Decree of March 22, 1852, to regulate
"the relations of the legislative
corps with the president of the re-
public and the council of state,"
588.

Defensors, of prisoners, 243.
Definitions of Liberty, 27 and sequ.
Difficulty to defend it, ibid.
Delegated powers.
Those which are

re-

not positively delegated are
served for the people by Constitu-
tion U. S., 165.
Demagogues, 345.

Democracy, Aristotle's opinion on per-
fected, 161; absolute or in the agora,
hostile to liberty, 171.
Democratic absolutism, 161.
Democratic might, divine right and,
373.

Deputative government of the middle
ages, 168,

Despots, brilliant, their danger, 26.
De Tocqueville and de Beaumont, on
abuse of pardoning in United States,
444.

Divine right and democratic might,
373.

Division of government into three
branches, 154.

Division of power, contrary to abso-
lutism, 280.

Dixon, C. G., Sketch of Maiwara, etc.,
173, note.

Doge of Venice, his election, 181.
Dragonades, under Louis XIV. See
Army, Soldiers, etc.

Dred Scott case, 267, note.
Duke's Laws, 242.

Dumont, concerning absence of par-
liamentary practice in French Re-
volution, 193.

Education alone, no basis for liberty,
304.

Egress and Regress secured by Magna
Charta. See Locomotion, right of,
and the Charter itself in appendix.
Election alone not liberty, 32; of the
chief ruler, does not establish a re-
public, or liberty, 155; direct and
indirect, 177; why the latter is
often resorted to, 178; in electors
to elect President of United States,
ibid and sequ; circuitous elections
in the middle ages, 181; manage-
ment of elections must not be in the
hands of the executive, 183; of
chief does not establish liberty, 291;
not allowing to choose, 393; paper
on it, appendix, 419 and sequ.
Elections, ex post facto. See Ex post
Elections. Conditions to make them
valid, 420. The question must have
been freely discussed, ibid. Ab-
sence of the army, 420 and sequ;
must be carried on by election in-
stitutions, 421; returns must be
protected against falsification, ibid;
the person, on whom the voting
takes place, must not have the su-
preme power, or it must be possible
to make him obey the issue, 421.
There must be two things to vote
upon, ibid; the power claiming the
election must not have committed a
political crime, 422; must be on
things subject to public opinion,
ibid. Election of patron saint, 422,
note. Congratulations crowding on
Cromwell after having dissolved
parliament, 424; they did not ex-
press English public opinion, ibid.
Election statistics, ibid. Qualified
voters abstain in proportion to the
general privilege of voting, 425;
twenty-five per centum a small num-
ber of absenters, ibid. If qualified
voters, more than two or three thou-
sand, one half voting, shows com-
mon interest, 426; voting on men,
draws more votes than voting on
measures, ibid. French have never
voted no, on proposed constitutions,
consuls or emperors, 427. Election
of Napoleon I., ibid. How many
Athenians usually voted, ibid. Os-
tracism, ibid and 428. Instances
of number of abstainers, 429 and