A. R. MELONEY, elected September 1, 1858, to serve out the unexpired term. He died at Lafayette, Contra Costa County, March 1, 1861.

SAMUEL H. BROOKS, elected September 7, 1859. Meloney refused to surrender the office, claiming that he was entitled to serve two years from his election. The Supreme Court decided in Brooks' favor at the January term, 1860. Brooks resigned November 20, 1861.

JAMES S. GILLEN, appointed by Governor Downey November 20, 1861, and took office that day.

G. R. WARREN, elected September 4, 1861; took office January 6, 1862. GEORGE OULTON, elected September 2, 1863; took office December 5, 1863.

ROBERT WATT, elected September 4, 1867; took office December 7, 1867. JAMES J. GREEN, elected September 6, 1871; took office December 2, 1871.

JAMES W. MANDEVILLE, elected September 1, 1875; took office December 4, 1875; died in office February 4, 1876.

WILLIAM B. C. BROWN, appointed by Governor Irwin, February 6, 1876, and took office the same day. At the next general election held on November 7, 1876, D. M. Kenfield and Brown were voted for to fill the vacancy, and Kenfield received a majority of about three thousand. Governor Irwin declined to issue a commission to him upon the ground that no proclamation had been issued calling for the election of a Controller. Kenfield applied for a writ of mandate to compel the issuance of the commission, but his petition was dismissed by the Supreme Court at the April term, 1877. Brown died at Sacramento April 12, 1882.

D. M. KENFIELD, elected September 3, 1879; took office January 5, 1880. He died at San Francisco, September 28, 1883.

JOHN P. DUNN, elected November 7, 1882; took office January 1, 1883; reëlected November 2, 1886; took office January 3, 1887.

ATTORNEY-GENERALS.

E. J. C. KEWEN, elected by the Legislature December 22, 1849, and took office the same day; resigned August 13, 1850. He died at Los Angeles November 25, 1879.

JAMES A. MCDOUGALL, elected October 7, 1850; resigned December 30, 1851. He died at Albany, New York, September 3, 1867.

ALEXANDER WELLS, appointed by Governor McDougal January 6, 1852. He died at San José, October 31, 1854.

S. C. HASTINGS, elected September 3, 1851; took office January 5, 1852. JOHN R. MCCONNELL, elected September 7, 1853; took office January 2, 1854. He died at Denver August 18, 1879.

WILLIAM M. STEWART, appointed by Governor Bigler June 7, 1854, to fill the office during the temporary absence of McConnell from the State by legislative consent.

WILLIAM T. WALLACE, elected September 5, 1855; took office January 7, 1856.

THOMAS H. WILLIAMS, elected September 2, 1857; took office January 4, 1858; reëlected September 7, 1859; took office January 2, 1860. He died at San Francisco February 28, 1886.

FRANK M. PIXLEY, elected September 4, 1861; took office January 6, 1862.

J. G. McCULLOUGH, elected September 2, 1863; took office December 5, 1863.

Jo HAMILTON, elected September 4, 1867; took office December 7, 1867. JOHN LORD LOVE, elected September 6, 1871; took office December 2,

1871.

Jo HAMILTON, elected September 1, 1875; took office December 4, 1875. AUGUSTUS L. HART, elected September 3, 1879; took office January 5,

1880.

E. C. MARSHALL, elected November 7, 1882; took office January 1, 1883. GEORGE A. JOHNSON, elected November 2, 1886; took office January 3, 1887.

SURVEYOR-GENERALS.

CHARLES J. WHITING, elected by the Legislature December 22, 1849, and took office the same day.

WILLIAM M. EDDY, elected September 3, 1851; took office January 5, 1852. He died at San Francisco March 9, 1854.

S. H. MARLETTE, elected September 7, 1853; took office January 2, 1854. JOHN H. BREWSTER, elected September 5, 1855; took office January 7, 1856.

HORACE A. HIGLEY, elected September 2, 1857; took office January 4, 1858; reëlected September 7, 1859; took office January 2, 1860. He died at San Francisco November 24, 1873.

J. F. HOUGHTON, elected September 4, 1861; took office January 6, 1862; reëlected September 2, 1863; took office December 5, 1863.

JOHN W. BOST, elected September 4, 1867; took office December 7, 1867.

ROBERT GARDNER, elected September 6, 1871; took office December 2, 1871.

WILLIAM MINIS, elected September 1, 1875; took office December 4, 1875.

JAMES W. SHANKLIN, elected September 3, 1879; took office January 5, 1880.

HENRY I. WILLEY, elected November 7, 1882; took office January 1, 1883.

THEODORE REICHERT, elected November 2, 1886; took office January 3,

1887.

CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT.

E. H. THARP, elected by the Legislature February 20, 1850, and took office the same day; elected by the people April 1, 1850; reëlected October 7, 1850; took office January 1, 1851.

P. K. WOODSIDE, elected November 2, 1852; took office January 1, 1853. JOSEPH R. BEARD, elected September 6, 1854; took office January 1, 1855.

CHARLES S. FAIRFAX, elected November 4, 1856; took office January 1, 1857; reëlected September 7, 1859; took office January 2, 1860. He died at Baltimore April 6, 1869.

FRANK F. FARGO, elected September 4, 1861; took office January 6, 1862.

WILLIAM D. HARRIMAN, elected September 2, 1863; took office December 7, 1863; resigned August 12, 1867.

WILLIAM G. WOOD, appointed by Governor Low August 6, 1867, and took office the same day. He died at Brooklyn, New York, April 20, 1869. GEORGE SECKEL, elected September 4, 1867; took office December 2,

GRANT I. TAGGART, elected September 6, 1871; took office December 4, 1871.

D. B. WOOLF, elected September 1, 1875; took office December 6, 1875. FRANK W. GROSS, elected September 3, 1879; took office January 5, 1880. He died at San Francisco December 4, 1886.

JOHN W. MCCARTHY, elected November 7, 1882; took office January 1, 1883; left the State January 2, 1886.

J. D. SPENCER, appointed by Governor Stoneman January 6, 1886, and took office the same day; elected by the people November 2, 1886; took office January 3, 1887.

STATE PRINTERS.

HENRY H. ROBINSON, elected by the Legislature January 10, 1850, and took office that day; resigned May 4, 1850.

JONAS WINCHESTER, appointed by Governor Burnett May 4, 1850; resigned March 28, 1851. He died at Columbia February 23, 1887.

JAMES B. DEVOE, appointed by Governor McDougal March 31, 1851; resigned May 2, 1851.

EUGENE CASSERLY, elected by the Legislature May 1, 1851. He died at San Francisco June 14, 1883.

GEORGE K. FITCH and VINCENT E. GEIGER, entered into a contract to do the State printing June 1, 1852; contract assigned to George Kerr & Co., February 3, 1853; law providing for the contract system repealed May 1, 1854. Geiger died at Valparaiso September 6, 1869, and Kerr at Stockton March 4, 1854.

BENJAMIN B. REDDING, elected by the Legislature May 4, 1854. He was afterwards Secretary of State.

JAMES ALLEN, elected by the people September 5, 1855; took office January 7, 1856. He died at Washoe October 31, 1863.

JOHN O'MEARA, elected September 2, 1857; took office January 4, 1858. He died at New York April 7, 1860.

CHARLES T. BOTTS, elected September 7, 1859; took office January 2, 1860. He died at San Francisco October 4, 1884.

BENJAMIN P. AVERY, elected September 4, 1861; took office January 6, 1862. He died at Pekin, China, November 8, 1875.

O. M. CLAYES, elected September 2, 1863; took office December 7, 1863. DANIEL W. GELWICKS, elected September 4, 1867; took office December 2, 1867. He died at Sacramento November 24, 1884.

THOMAS A. SPRINGER, elected September 6, 1871; took office December 4, 1871; died in office February 25, 1874.

GRANT H. SPRINGER, appointed by Governor Booth March 5, 1874, and took office the same day.

E. G. JEFFERIS, appointed Superintendent by Governor Pacheco July 21, 1875; resigned December 7, 1875. He died at Sacramento March 28, 1880.

FRANK P. THOMPSON, appointed Superintendent by Governor Irwin December 9, 1875.

JOHN D. YOUNG, appointed Superintendent by Governor Perkins January 8, 1880.

JAMES J. AYERS, appointed Superintendent by Governor Stoneman January 10, 1883.

PHILIP L. SHOAFF, appointed Superintendent by Governor Bartlett January 13, 1887.

JOHN D. YOUNG, appointed Superintendent by Governor Waterman September 27, 1887.

SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS.

JOHN G. MARVIN, elected October 7, 1850; took office January 1, 1851. He died at Honolulu December 10, 1857.

PAUL K. HUBBS, elected September 7, 1853; took office January 1, 1854. He died at Vallejo November 17, 1874.

ANDREW J. MOULDER, elected November 4, 1856; took office January 1, 1857; reëlected September 7, 1859; took office January 2, 1860.

JOHN SWETT, elected September 3, 1862; took office January 1, 1863; reëlected October 21, 1863; took office December 1, 1863.

O. P. FITZGERALD, elected October 16, 1867; took office December 1, 1867.

H. N. BOLANDER, elected October 18, 1871; took office December 1, 1871.

EZRA S. CARR, elected October 20, 1875; took office December 1, 1875. F. M. CAMPBELL, elected September 3, 1879; took office January 5, 1880. W. T. WELCKER, elected November 7, 1882; took office January 1, 1883. IRA G. HOITT, elected November 2, 1886; took office January 3, 1887.

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT,

STATE SUPREME COURT.

The original Constitution of California, adopted in 1849, provided for a Supreme Court, to consist of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. It further provided, in Section 3 of Article VI:

The Justices of the Supreme Court shall be elected at the general election by the qualified electors of the State, and shall hold their office for a term of six years from the first day of January next after the election; provided, that the Legislature shall, at its first meeting, elect a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, by joint vote of both houses, and so classify them that one shall go out of office every two years. After the first election the senior Justice in commission shall be the Chief Justice.

The first Legislature, on February 14, 1850, passed an Act to organize the Court. In that Act it was provided that one Justice should be elected in 1851, one at each general election every second year thereafter, and that the Governor should fill vacancies by commission, which should expire at the subsequent general election, when the vacancy should be filled by an election for the remainder of the unexpired term. On the twentyeighth an Act was passed authorizing the Clerk of the Supreme Court to rent a suitable room in San Francisco for the March term, 1850, provided that the rent of such room should not exceed $1,000 per month. On March fifth the Legislature fixed the salary of each Justice at $10,000 per annum. On April thirteenth an Act was passed providing for certain special terms in San Francisco, and that afterward the sessions of the Court should be held at the seat of the government.

In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution above quoted, the first Legislature, on December 22, 1849, elected S. C. Hastings Chief Justice, Henry A. Lyons first Associate Justice, and Nathaniel Bennett second Associate Justice. On February 1, 1850, the Legislature passed a resolu

tion classifying the Justices so that Hastings should go out of office at the end of two years from January 1, 1850, Lyons at the end of four years, and Bennett at the end of six years from that date. On March 11, 1851, a law was passed to have one Justice elected in 1852, and one at the general election every second year thereafter; but on April twenty-eighth another Act was passed providing for the election of one in 1851, and one every second year thereafter. This Legislature also passed a law providing that the terms of Court until January 1, 1852, should be held in San Francisco, and after that at the seat of government. On May twenty-fourth an Act was passed providing that thereafter the sessions of the Court should be held at the capital of the State. The salaries of the Justices were reduced to $6,000 each on April 21, 1856.

Justice Hastings served out his term, and at the general election held September 3, 1851, Solomon Heydenfeldt was elected to succeed him. Heydenfeldt took office January 1, 1852, and resigned January 6, 1857. Governor Johnson, on the thirteenth, appointed Peter H. Burnett to fill the vacancy, and Burnett resigned October 12, 1857. On the thirteenth Governor Johnson appointed Stephen J. Field to serve out the unexpired term. Field had been elected on September 2, 1857, for the full term. This term began on January 1, 1858. In 1863 President Lincoln appointed Field one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, and on May twentieth of that year he resigned his seat on the California bench. The next day Governor Stanford appointed E. B. Crocker to fill the vacancy, and he served until the taking effect of the constitutional amendments of 1862.

Justice Lyons resigned March 31, 1852, and on April second Governor Bigler appointed Alexander Anderson to fill the vacancy, and he qualified on the sixth. At the general election on November 2, 1852, Alexander Wells was elected for this short term, and he took his seat on the bench January 3, 1853. Wells was reëlected for the full term September 7, 1853, and he assumed office by virtue of that election January 4, 1854. He died October 31, 1854, and on November twenty-fourth Governor Bigler appointed Charles H. Bryan to fill the vacancy. At the general election held September 5, 1855, David S. Terry was elected by the people, and he assumed office on November fifteenth. Terry resigned September 12, 1859, to participate in the duel with Senator David C. Broderick. On the twentieth Governor Weller appointed W. W. Cope to fill the Terry vacancy. Cope had been elected for the full term at the election held on September 7, 1859, and he took office under that election on January second following, and served until the remodeling of the Court in 1864.

Justice Bennett resigned October 3, 1851, and on the eleventh Governor McDougal appointed Hugh C. Murray to fill the vacancy. On November 2, 1852, Murray was elected to succeed himself, and he took office by virtue of that election on January third following. Murray was elected for the full term on September 5, 1855, but he died September 18, 1857, and Governor Johnson appointed Peter H. Burnett on October twelfth to succeed him. At the general election on September 1, 1858, Joseph G. Baldwin was elected to fill the remainder of the vacancy, and he assumed the office on October 2, 1858. On September 4, 1861, Edward Norton was elected for the full term. Norton took office on January sixth following, and served until the change was effected by the adoption of the constitutional amendments of 1862.

In 1862 the State Constitution was amended to constitute the Supreme Court of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices, and it provided that the Justices should be elected at special elections to be provided for by