following tables: one showing ships comprising the Royal Australian Navy at the outbreak of the Great War in Ausust 1914, and the other showing the ships of the Royal Australian Navy commissigned since the commencement of hostilities. All of these vessels have shared in the naval defence of Australia and several of them have co-operated in actual fighting with the Grand Fleet of the Empire. LIST OF SHIPS OF THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY AT THE * Lent from Royal Navy for war service. Lent to Royal Navy since date of commissioning for service in North Sea. Hired for war service. A complete record of the history and establishment as well as the achievements of the Royal Australian Navy during the war would fill a large and interesting volume. In the following summary of its performances each paragraph gives a flashlight view of stirring work done by the Navy which would make thrilling passages in such a history. (1) Capture of Samoa, (2) Capture of German New Guinea, (3) Destruction of Emden by H.M.S. Sydney. (4) Convoy duty with Australian troops, (5) Protection of Australian trade routes, (6) Service on China Station based on Singapore, countering enemy plots, (7) Service in West Indies, patrolling off New York (light cruisers Melbourne and Sydney), (8) Service in Mediterranean combating submarine menace (9) Service at Dardanelles where submarine AE2 was lost, The Cost of Sea Power. The capital expenditure involved in the construction and establishment of the Royal Australian Navy, including the estimate for the year 1918-19 amounts to £5,868,000. The estimated cost of manning, maintaining and working the Australian Fleet during the whole period of the war, is £23,000,000 sterling, that is, of course, additional to the capital expenditure. The foregoing facts and figures demonstrate in bold relief the soundness of the policy which promoted the establishment of an Australian Navy, and this realized the prediction of the writer in The Times on the eve of Australian Federation, that a new British power was about to appear in the Pacific Ocean. 446 OCEAN LIGHTS AND ASTRONOMICAL. [Sec. 51 (vп.) (vIII.). 51. (VII.) Lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys. LEGISLATION. LIGHTHOUSES (FISHER-HUGHES) ACT 1911. The Commonwealth Government is empowered to make an agreement with any State or person for the acquisition by the Commonwealth of any light-house or marine mark, and to erect light-houses and marine marks within the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth. It contains the necessary provisions for the protection of Commonwealth lights and marks, for removing misleading lights or marks, and for imposing light dues which are to supersede the light dues previously imposed by the States. 51. (VIII.) Astronomical and meteorological observations: LEGISLATION. METEOROLOGY (DEAKIN-GROOM) ACT 1906. The Governor-General is empowered to establish meteorological observatories, and to appoint a Commonwealth Meteorologist, who may, under the direction of the Minister, be charged with-the taking and recording of meteorological observations; the forecasting of weather; the issue of storm-warnings; the display of weather and flood signals; the display of frost and cold-wave signals; the distribution of meteorological information; and such other duties as are prescribed by regulation to give effect to the Act. The Governor-General may enter into an arrangement with the Governor of any State in respect of the transfer to the Commonwealth of any observatory; the taking and recording of meteorological observations by State officers; the inter-change of meteorological information between the Commonwealth and State authorities; and incidental matters. The Governor-General may also enter into arrangements with the Governments of other countries for the interchange of meteorological information and incidental matters. 51. (Ix.) Quarantine57; § 57. [ QUARANTINE.] LEGISLATION. THE QUARANTINE (DEAKIN) ACT 1908. THE QUARANTINE (FISHER) ACT 1912. THE QUARANTINE (HUGHES) ACT 1915. THE QUARANTINE (CONSOLIDATED) ACT 1908-15. Scope of Quarantine. The Consolidated Act opens with a definition of quarantine, which is declared to mean measures for the inspection, exclusion, detention, observation, segregation, isolation, protection, treatment, sanitary regulation and disinfection of vessels, persons, goods, things, animals, or plants, and having as their object the prevention of the introduction or spread of disease or pests affecting man, animals or plants. A definition is then given of the following expressions, namely: Disease" in relation to animals means glanders, farcy pleuropneumonia contagiosa, foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, anthrax, Texas or tick fever, hog cholera, swine plague, mange, scab, surra, dourine, rabies, tuberculosis, actinomycosis, variola ovina, or any disease declared by the Governor-General by proclamation to be a disease affecting animals: 66 'Disease" in relation to plants means any disease or pest declared by the Governor-General by proclamation to be a disease affecting plants: "Quarantinable disease" means small-pox, plague, cholera, yellow fever, typhus fever, or leprosy, or any disease declared by the Governor-General, by proclamation, to be a quarantinable disease. Administration. The Act then proceeds to make provision for an administration of quarantine laws and regulations. There is to be a Director of Quarantine who shall, under the Minister, be charged with the execution of this Act and the regulations thereunder. There are also to be chief quarantine officers for such divisions of quarantine as the Governor-General thinks fit, who shall have such powers and functions as are conferred upon them by this Act or the regulations. All quarantine officers (including chief quarantine officers) shall perform their powers and functions under and subject to the directions of the Director of Quarantine. The Governor-General is authorized to appoint all other quarantine officers necessary for carrying out the Act. Quarantine Powers. The Governor-General may enter into an arrangement with the Governor of any State in respect of all or any of the following matters :—The use of any State quarantine station or other place as a quarantine station under this Act, and the control and management of any such quarantine station; also in matters necessary or convenient to be arranged in order to enable the Commonwealth quarantine authorities and the State health or other authorities to act in aid of each other in preventing the introduction or spread of diseases affecting man, animals, or plants. The Governor-General may by proclamation declare any ports in Australia to be first ports of entry for oversea vessels; declare any ports in Australia to be ports where imported animals and plants or any particular kinds of imported animals or plants may be landed ; appoint places on land or sea to be quarantine stations for the performance of quarantine by vessels, persons, goods, animals, or plants; prohibit the introduction into Australia of any noxious insect or any pest, or any disease germ or microbe, or any disease agent, or any culture virus or substance or article containing any noxious insect, pest, disease germ microbe, or disease agent; prohibit the importation into Australia of any articles likely, in his opinion, to introduce any infectious or contagious disease; prohibit the importation into Australia of any animals or plants, or any parts of animals or plants; (g) prohibit the removal of any animals. plants, or goods, or parts of animals or plants, from any part of the Commonwealth in which any quarantinable disease, or disease affecting animals or plants, exists, to any part of the Commonwealth in which the disease does not exist; (h) declare any part of the Commonwealth in which any quarantinable disease or any disease or pest affecting animals or plants exists to be a quarantinable |