the year commencing the 1st Tuesday of May. The Commissioner of Schools is appointed by the Governor. The Senate consists of the Governor, who presides, he Lieutenant-Governor, and one Senator from each of the thirty-one towns in the State. The House of Representatives consists of 72 members.

The judges of the Supreme Court hold office until they are removed by a resolution passed by both houses of the Assembly, and voted for by a majority of the members elected to each house. By an act passed May, 1848, the Court of Common Pleas in each of the five counties is hereafter to be held by a single judge of the Supreme Court, sitting alone. The associate judges of the Supreme Court are to divide this duty among themselves. There are no longer any associate justices elected for each county. Clerks of the Supreme and Common Pleas Courts.

Washington, Powell Helme,

John G. Clarke, Jr.,

Kingston.

Kent,

E.Greenwich.

Bristol, Massadore T. Bennett, Massadore T. Bennett, Bristol.

Joseph J. Tillinghast, William Bodfish,

The United States surplus revenue received by the State was disposed of thus:

Loaned to cities and towns on bond,

Invested in bank stock,

Used by State for State Prison and Dorr war,

Not funded,.

Total received from the United States,

$ 70,402.60
117,638 67
194,215.88

48.08

362,335.23

The State owes no debt except what it has used of the United States surplus revenue.
Total receipts for the year, including previous balance,
Total expenses,

Excess of receipts,

$124,944.85

115,835.12

$9,109.73

Banks in Rhode Island, September 8, 1851. - Number of banks in the State, 69; of which 26 were in Providence. Capital, $ 12,906,160.60. Circulation, $3,077,000.75. Deposits on interest, $205,731.47. Deposits not on interest, $1,661,401.99. Net profits on hand, $782,628.51. Total liabilities, $ 19,621,307.63. Debts due from directors, $ 969,993.58; from other stockholders, $ 601,540 84; from all others, $ 16,299,851.57. Specie, $277,715.98. Bills of other banks, $626,305.93. Deposits in other banks, $629,033.41. Real estate, $271,541.14. Total resources, $19,610,559 16. The deficiency, $ 10,748.52, was in the Granite Bank, of Brownsville. Amount of bills in circulation under $5, $983,420. The average semiannual dividend of all the banks was 3157 per cent. Savings Banks. - In the 8 institutions for savings, on the first Monday of October, 1851, there were:- Depositors 11,161; amount of deposits, $1,907,233.81; amount of profits on hand, $ 109,603.26. The amount of reserved profits was $59,454.74; of last dividends, $ 70,314.93.

260

Public Schools. -The State has a School Fund, invested in bank stock, of $56,314.37. By an act passed in 1836, the interest of the State's part of the United States surplus reve nue (commonly called the Deposit Fund) was set apart for public schools. $35,000 are annually paid from the State treasury for schools. By an act passed in June, 1848, the proceeds of the militia commutation tax in each town are to be applied hereafter to the support of public schools. The whole number of school districts in the State is 320, of which 8 are not organized; 271 of these districts own their school-houses; in 16 districts they are owned by the town, and in 42 by proprietors. There has been expended for school-houses during the last seven years, $172,157. No. of persons in 1550 in the State, under fifteen, 47,857. No. of scholars registered in 1851, 26,712, -14,133 males and 12,521 females; average attendance, 19,719. No of male teachers, 256; of female, 313. Amount received from the State, $35,167 59; amount raised by towns, $55,488.69; whole amount from all sources, $ 109,767 01. Expended for instruction, $94,471.96. Expended for school-houses, § 23,902.80. In June, 1851, the school laws were revised and consolidated, and in many respects much improved.

State Prison, Providence. - Francis B. Lee, Warden; salary, $800. The number of prisoners, October 1, 1850, was 37. Committed during the year, 24; whole number during the year, 61. Discharged by expiration of sentence, 5; by the General Assembly, 8; died, 1; leaving in prison, September 30, 1851, 47, all males. The convicts in the State prison are principally employed in shoe-making; those in the Providence county jail, at cabinet-work. The income of the prison for the year was $2,761.41; the expenses were $9,851.27; excess of expense, 87,089.56. Number of persons in Providence jail at the suit of the State, September 30, 1851, 57; at the suit of the city, 11; debtors, 4; total, 72. During the year 223 were committed on sentence, 214 for default of bail, in all, 503, of whom 452 were males, and 51 females; whites, 473; colored, 30; natives, 293; foreigners, 210. Of those sentenced, 192 reported themselves, or were known, as intemperate. There were besides committed to the jail as a house of correction, during the year, 177 persons, of whom 163 were intemperate.

Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence, R. I. - Dr. Isaac Ray, Superintendent. On the 31st of December, 1850, there were in the Hospital 113 patients, 50 males and 63 females. Admitted during the year, 68, -33 males and 35 females; whole number during the year, 181. Discharged, 54,-22 males, 32 females; leaving in the Hospital, December 31, 1851, 127 patients, -61 males, 66 females. Of those discharged, 26, 8 males and 18 females, had recovered; 8, 4 males and 4 females, were improved; 4, 3 males and I female, were unimproved; 16, 7 males and 9 females, died. The disbursements during the year were $21,016.96; the receipts were $24,252.43. The minimum price of board for patients is $2.25 per week.

The State now makes an appropriation of $ 1,000 per annum to enable the Governor to aid

the poor insane persons at the Butler Hospital, and it also pays a portion of the expenses of such poor insane as the towns may choose to send there.

This School was From that date to

Providence Reform School. -James M. Talcott, Superintendent. established in 1850, and was opened to receive inmates, Nov. 1, 1850. Oct. 31, 1851, there were committed, 52, 49 boys, 3 girls; 5 boys and 1 girl were discharged, and 1 boy escaped. Remaining in the school, Nov. 1, 1851, 45. 24 were committed for theft; 6 for assault; 4 for vagrancy; 11 for truancy. 42 were born in the United States, and of these 31 were from Rhode Island. 7 hours in each day, except Sundays, are de voted to labor; 5 to school exercises; 24 to meals and recreation; 1 to religious exercises; and 8 hours to sleep. The labor has been employed in making such articles as are needed in the institution, and in housework. An arrangement is made by the State by which all juvenile delinquents may be sent to this school.

Deaf, Dumb, &c. - The sum appropriated annually to the deaf, dumb, and blind, was in January, 1851, increased to $2,000, and idiots were included in its benefits. In June, 1851, the sum was further increased to $ 2,500.

· VI. CONNECTICUT.

Government for the Year ending on the 1st Wednesday in May, 1853.

A term of the Superior Court is held by one judge semiannually, in each county of the State; and the Supreme Court, constituted of the five judges, meets annually in each county. The judges of this court hold their offices until seventy years of age. This court has jurisdiction in all cases where the damages, or matter in dispute, exceed $70.

A County Court is held by one judge three times each year, in the several counties. The judges of this court are appointed annually by the Legislature, and hold office for one year from the 4th of July of the year of their appointment. They have jurisdiction in all civil actions where the damages, or matter in dispute, exceed $35. In civil cases, an appeal lies in all cases from the County to the Superior Court, where the matter in dispute exceeds the sum of $70. The clerks of the County Courts are likewise clerks of the Superior and Supreme Courts of their respective counties.

Total receipts for year ending Mar. 31, 1852, including balance of preceding year, $176,456.21
Total expenditures during same period,
Balance in Treasury, March 31, 1852,

137.326.18

$39,130.03

Banks. -The whole number of banks in April, 1852, was 53. The following table gives the condition of

Banks in Connecticut for Sixteen Years.

[From the Bank Commissioners' Report.]

Common Schools. The number of towns is 146; of school societies, 217; of school dis tricts, 1,652; of children in 1851, between four and sixteen, 94,852. The amount of dividenda from the school fund for the year ending March, 1852, was § 132,792.80; which gives $1.40 to every enumerated child. The returns in Connecticut do not give the number of teachers, or their wages, or the length of schools; but only the information indicated above. The Legislature, at the session of 1849, appropriated $ 10,000 for the establishment of a State Normal School, "for the training of teachers in the art of instructing and governing the common schools of the State." This institution is placed under the control of eight trustees, appointed by the General Assembly, one from each county. The principal of the Normal School, Henry Barnard, of Hartford, is, ex officio, Superintendent of Common Schools, an office heretofore attached to that of Commissioner of the School Fund. The associate principal, Rev. T. D. P. Stone, has the immediate charge of the school. The number of pupils is limited to 220, to be selected one from each school society. Tuition free. The number of pupils in the school during the year 1850 was 154. There were schools of practice connected with the Normal School in 1851, containing 400 scholars, organized into three grades. Schools or conventions for training teachers were also held in each county, generally by the Superintendent of Schools.

School Fund. - The School Fund of this State was derived from the sale of 2,500,000 acres of land situated in the northeastern part of Ohio. This tract, with 500,000 acres more, granted to those residing on the sea-coast of this State who had suffered from the rav ages of the enemy during the Revolutionary war, was acquired soon after the close of that war, in the settlement of the conflicting claims of the several members of the confederacy, and the confederacy itself, to the then unexplored and almost unknown. Western wilderness. By a resolve of the General Assembly of this State at its May session, 1795, a committee was appointed to sell these lands, and in September of the same year, after numerous prope sitions from individuals, the committee accepted the proposition of Oliver Phelps and associates, to give the sum of $1,200,000, for which the purchasers gave their individual bonds, thirty-six in number, at six per cent. interest. The avails of this sale were constituted a fund, the annual income of which, first by a legislative act, and afterwards by the constitution, was appropriated to the support of Common Schools. In May, 1810, the number of bonds had increased to about five hundred, and in May, 1818, to about two thousand, and the capital itself was estimated at $ 1,654,185.42. This fund is now estimated to be of the value of $2,049,482.32, and the number of bonds and contracts requiring supervision amounts to the number of 2,020. Thus this fund, originally only $1,200,000, has, in the lapse of more than half a century, increased to the sum of $2,049,482.32, all of which, except the estimated sum of $59,869.10, is an active productive capital, and has in the mean time distributed to the schools of this State, from its revenue, the sum of $ 3,983,192.28.

State Reform School. — At the session of the Assembly in 1851, a State Reform School was established, for the instruction, employment, and reformation of juvenile offenders"; its government to be vested in a board of eight trustees, appointed by the Senate, one from each county in the State. Boys under the age of 16 years, convicted of offences now punishable by imprisonment, may, at the discretion of the court, be sent to this school, "to be kept, disciplined, instructed, employed, and governed, under the direction of the board of trustees," until they shall either be reformed and discharged, or bound out to service by the trustees, or remanded to prison as incorrigible. The sum of $ 10,000 is appropriated from the State treas ury for the establishment of the school, and a like sum is to be contributed by individuals.

Births, Marriages, and Deaths. — An act providing for the registration of births, mar riages, and deaths was passed by the General Assembly in 1848. The report of the Secretary of State (May, 1852) exhibits the following results, from all except two towns. Of the deaths, 696 were under 1 year of age, 675 were between 1 and 5 years, 209 between 5 and 10, 313 between 10 and 20, 496 between 20 and 30, 358 between 30 and 40, 364 between 40 and 50, 321 between 50 and 60, 374 between 60 and 70, 350 between 70 and 80, 320 between 80 and 90, 66 between 90 and 100, and I was 100. The number of births in 1848 was 6,850; in 1819, 7,238; and in 1850, 7,578 ; — of marriages in 1848, 2,816; in 1849, 2,920; and in 1850, 2,684; of deaths in 18418, 4,379; in 1949, 5,019; and in 1850, 5,170.